Early childhood education and cultural learning: systematic observation of the behaviour of a caregiver at the Emmi Pikler nursery school during breakfast / Educación temprana y aprendizaje cultural: observación sistemática de la conducta de la educadora Pikler durante el desayuno

The objective of this study is to analyse the everyday behaviour of a caregiver at the Emmi Pikler nursery school in Budapest as she manages the breakfast of the 12 children aged 2–3 under her care, as an example of quality care. The methodology used was observational. The design was idiographic, follow-up and multidimensional, and the observation instrument is a field format developed ad hoc. The relations of sequentiality and association among the caregiver’s different behaviours are analysed: the actions related to the breakfast itself, the use of space and the gestures accompanying the actions. The results, which were obtained via a lag sequential analysis, demonstrate the existence of a twofold behavioural pattern, instrumental and relational, in which each instrumental action inherent to breakfast is associated with a specific, unique repertoire of postural accompaniment, a combination of gestures and postures on the part of the caregiver, thus forming a clear, univocal sequence for children to learn the meal routine autonomously.     

小学生早餐行为与上午课堂学习效率相关性研究

早餐为小学生提供了上午学习、活动所需的能量,对上午课堂学习的效率也存在重要影响。本研究发现83.6%小学生每天吃早餐;性别不同学生在早餐食物种类上存在显著差异性;早餐蔬菜食用比例不高;61.82%的学生在上午上课时出现饥饿感;同时还发现小学生对早餐重要性认识不够。建议应重视早餐和早餐食物的营养,养成良好生活习惯,提高早餐＂胃口＂,要重视学生课间餐。     

The Relation Between Breakfast Skipping and School Performance in Adolescents

Breakfast skipping is common in adolescents, but research on the effects of breakfast skipping on school performance is scarce. This current cross‐sectional survey study of 605 adolescents aged 11–18 years investigated whether adolescents who habitually skip breakfast have lower end‐of‐term grades than adolescents who eat breakfast daily. Additionally, the roles of sleep behavior, namely chronotype, and attention were explored. Results showed that breakfast skippers performed lower at school than breakfast eaters. The findings were similar for younger and older adolescents and for boys and girls. Adolescents with an evening chronotype were more likely to skip breakfast, but chronotype was unrelated to school performance. Furthermore, attention problems partially mediated the relation between breakfast skipping and school performance. This large‐scale study emphasizes the importance of breakfast as a determinant for school performance. The results give reason to investigate the mechanisms underlying the relation between skipping breakfast, attention, and school performance in more detail.     

Not just for poor kids: The impact of universal free school breakfast on meal participation and student outcomes

This paper examines the impact of the implementation of a universal free school breakfast policy on meals program participation, attendance, and academic achievement. In 2003, New York City made school breakfast free for all students regardless of income, while increasing the price of lunch for those ineligible for meal subsidies. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy, we derive plausibly causal estimates of the policy's impact by exploiting within and between group variation in school meal pricing before and after the policy change. Our estimates suggest that the policy resulted in small increases in breakfast participation both for students who experienced a decrease in the price of breakfast and for free-lunch eligible students who experienced no price change. The latter suggests that universal provision may alter behavior through mechanisms other than price, highlighting the potential merits of universal provision over targeted services. We find limited evidence of policy impacts on academic outcomes.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast and serum glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations in order to establish a model breakfast appropriate for Chinese. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to four study groups: high carbohydrate breakfast, high fat and protein breakfast, the typical breakfast and fasting. Each subject had serum and urine samples collected while fasting and at 1,2 and 3.5 hours following the meal. The concentration of serum glucose, insulin and glucagon was measured. The levels of serum glucose in group A,B and C differed significantly at 1 and 2 hour after meal compared to those at fasting (P<0.05). The serum glucose in group A increased insignificantly after meal. The serum insulin levels were in group A,B and C significant different compared with control group(P<0.05).Those peaked at 1 hour after meal ,with group C rising the furthest. Compared with the fasting group, the serum glucagons rose and maintained the increase after breakfast in group A,B and C (P<0.05).The data suggested that various diets with different calorigenic amounts increased hormone concentration to various extents. We found that a breakfast rich in carbohydrates could maintain proper blood glucose level.     

Educational impact of a school breakfast programme in rural Peru

In this paper, we present data from an evaluation of the educational impact of a school breakfast programme implemented in rural schools in Peru. The results showed positive effects on school attendance and dropout rates, and a differential effect of the breakfast programme on multiple-grade and full-grade schools. Particularly in multiple-grade schools the programme shows a significant and positive effect on short-term memory, arithmetic and reading comprehension. The evaluation also showed an unexpected negative consequence: students in the breakfast group reduced their time in the classroom with their teachers and increased the time in recess (when they consumed the breakfast).     

长沙市小学生早餐现状调查及对策

通过对长沙市2095名小学生进行问卷调查,发现长沙市小学生存在对早餐认识不到位,早餐行为现状令人堪忧,学校早餐营养健康知识教育欠缺等问题。针对这些问题,我们可采取加强小学生早餐营养健康知识教育,培养良好的饮食行为习惯,促进健康饮食;提倡课间加餐,缓解课间饥饿;适当推迟上学时间,预留就餐时间;实施“校园早餐计划”等措施。     

An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between Night Eating Syndrome and Depression Among College Students

Night eating syndrome criteria include skipping breakfast, night eating, and sleep difficulties. It is associated with mood disturbances, particularly depression, and may contribute to later obesity development. Most research on night eating syndrome has focused on obese persons seeking weight loss treatment, and little is known about night eating syndrome in other populations; therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to examine night eating and depression among college-age students. A paper-pencil survey was completed by 270 students at a southeastern university that included demographic information, self-reported heights and weights, Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (mean age = 21.05, 64.1% female, 78.5% White). A significant correlation was found between total scores for the Beck Depression Inventory and NEQ (r = .35, p < .0001). Health professionals should be aware of characteristics of the syndrome to better diagnose and treat those students who exhibit traits of both depression and night eating syndrome.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose,insulin and glucagon levels

SUBJECTSANDMETHODSSubjectsTwenty four 2 1to 2 4yearsoldhealthymedi calstudentsenrolledinZhejiangUniversityCol legeofMedicinevolunteeredforthestudy .Theyconsistedof1 1malesand 1 3femalesweightsallwithinthenormalrangefortheirheightaccordingtoChinesenorms.Me…     

A breakfast club for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties

This article gives an account of the setting up of a breakfast club at a school for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties. The aim of the breakfast club was twofold: firstly, to improve the nutrition of students from areas of social deprivation, many of whom are also receiving medication for ADD/ADHD, known to suppress appetite and which can have effects on growth; and secondly, to improve the ethos of the school and enhance the social skills of students.     

大学生睡眠早餐和早锻炼意向的调查

通过对嘉应大学学生睡眠、早餐和早锻炼意向的调查,发现62％当代大学生对时间的价值有较高的认识水平;其中可望对早上闲暇时间具有全部支配权的人占61％;73％的人倾向于晚上11:00—12:00之间就寝;而晚上10:30之前就寝的人仅占被调查对象总数的5％;88％的人每天睡眠时间少于8h;86％的人早餐消费在2元以内,55％的人每星期有2d或2d以上不用早餐;同意5—15min锻炼的人占75％;采取跑步和散步的人占56％;从事球类运动的人占43％。通过上述数据构成现代大学生的人体模型,这些人思想活跃有比较强的时间价值观;有比较明显的自我意识,一方面渴望自己管理和安排自己的生活,另一方面又缺少必要的自控能力和营养健康知识;他们多数缺乏营养,睡眠不足,缺少足够的体能和精力。     

国内外旅游“民宿”研究综述

＂民宿＂是一种提供有别于传统饭店、宾馆等的住宿体验,给游客温馨亲切的家的感觉的旅游接待设施。国内对于旅游＂民宿＂的研究逐渐成熟。文章对国内外旅游＂民宿＂研究的相关内容进行了归纳和评述。指出民宿从低端单一产品、同质化开发、个体经营、分散布点向高级且有特色的休闲产品、差异化发展、企业操作和集群布局转变的发展趋势,并提出未来国内旅游＂民宿＂的研究方向。     

Instructional Activities and the Quality of Language in Chilean Preschool Classrooms

Research Findings: This study examines the association between preschool classroom activity and the quality of the language spoken by teachers and children. Eighteen classrooms serving low-income children between the ages of 3 and 4 in Santiago de Chile were audio-recorded during one morning shift. Recordings were transcribed and segmented into activities (greeting, learning experience, book sharing, book discussion, breakfast, lunch, free play and other noninstructional time). A total of 113 activity segments were identified. Characteristics of teacher and child language were measured in each segment. Differences between the eight activities were examined using analysis of variance. Activities were classified as instructional or noninstructional, and the association between this dimension and language characteristics was examined using multilevel path analysis. Results show that most of the variance in language outcomes occurs within classrooms. Analyses show that a significant portion of the variance in the way teachers and children talk is explained by the instructional/noninstructional dimension. Instructional activities are characterized by more language stimulation, more teaching, fewer directives, and more child talk than noninstructional activities. Practice or Policy Implications: We discuss implications for teacher professional development and early childhood education improvement in general and for Latin-America specifically.     

Drinking glucose improves listening span in students who miss breakfast

Low blood sugar level resulting from fasting has been shown to reduce performance on a number of cognitive tasks. In this study, 80 non-diabetic A-level students missed breakfast. They completed a version of Daneman and Carpenter's Listening Span Test at 9.00 a.m. Half were then given a drink containing glucose, while the other half received a saccharine drink matched for taste. After 20 minutes, both groups completed another form of the Listening Span Test. A subset of the sample had their blood glucose levels determined immediately before the drink and again before the second application of the test. Blood glucose levels did not change, but listening span performance significantly improved after a glucose drink yet not after a saccharine drink. It is concluded that missing breakfast does not seriously affect blood sugar levels in healthy young students, but listening span performance which is a good predictor of listening comprehension is improved when fasting individuals imbibe a glucose-rich drink, although not when a saccharine drink is drunk. Ideally students should eat breakfast, but if this is omitted, then a glucose snack or drink before the first class may reverse any adverse effects.     

EDTA络合滴定法测定不同品质牛奶中钙含量

采用EDTA络合滴定法测定了不同品质牛奶中的钙含量。结果表明：伊利早餐奶钙含量最高（1.043 8mg/g）,银桥酸牛奶钙含量最低（0.958 9 mg/g）。对于同一品牌牛奶,伊利早餐奶中含钙量最高,伊利酸牛奶中含钙量最低;不同品质纯牛奶：伊利纯牛奶中的钙含量最高,古城纯牛奶中的钙含量最低。     

柳州市早餐塑料袋使用及酞酸酯溶出性研究

根据调查可知柳州市早餐食品塑料袋使用的大多为三无产品,且使用量巨大,平均一家早餐店一年使用量达数十万个。而邻苯二甲酸酯在塑料中作为增塑剂大量存在,通过溶出性试验可知,非食品级早餐塑料袋中检出的浓度为DEHP9.35±0.28mg/kg,DBP1.62±0.28mg/kg,远大于食品级保鲜袋中的含量。     

Food recommendations in domestic education,Belgium 1890–1940

This paper addresses the question of dissemination of nutritional knowledge in textbooks of household schools between 1890 and 1940. It starts by considering the nature of food recommendations in manuals that are used in Belgian household schools, and then deals with the sources that are referred to by those who give food advice, comparing the latter to the state of the art of nutritional knowledge. If, prior to 1925, school manuals referred to working-class households, paid attention to abundant and economical food, recommended meat, hardly cared about breakfast and connected food to health in a general way, the manuals of the late 1920s and 1930s discussed the average consumer, advised limited meat consumption, warned against unbalanced diets that could lead to specific diseases and recommended required amounts of calories and vitamins. Textbook authors rarely referred to their sources – and if they did, international names were hardly mentioned – which raises the question of the value of the information in these textbooks. Yet from the late 1920s onwards, more direct references were made to science and researchers, which may be linked to the strengthening of scientific authority within society.     

某高校医学生营养知识、态度及饮食行为的调查与分析

目的:了解某高校医学生营养知识、态度及饮食行为,为开展营养健康教育及干预提供依据.方法:采用自行设计的营养知识、态度及饮食行为问卷,对某高校医学院386名一～三年级的大学生进行调查.结果:医学生的营养知识缺乏,回答正确率总体上在50%左右,并存在一些不合理的饮食行为,有27.2%的学生不能坚持每天吃早餐,而且早餐质量较差,早餐品种较单调.另外,每天喝牛奶的学生仅有9.8%,但他们具有良好的接受营养教育的态度,有89.6%学生愿意为了健康改变不良饮食习惯,92.5%的学生愿意以后更多地关注营养知识.结论:多数学生缺乏必要的营养知识,饮食行为不合理,但接受营养知识的态度较好,应加强医学生营养知识教育,纠正不良的饮食行为,促进身体健康.     

健康的饮食习惯

好的饮食习惯就是要我们每天做出健康的选择。 每天早晨吃健康早餐,使新一天有个良好开始。 少吃油腻食物,尤其是动物脂肪多的食物。     

带老外游什刹海

什刹海又称十刹海、十汉海或石版海，由西海、后海、前海组成．为一自西北斜向东南的狭长水面。位于地安门西大街北海公园后门对面。这一块水域．从古到今都是块宝地。从明清时候起．这里便是老百姓休闲娱乐之地．只不过如今湖边林立的酒吧在当年全是茶馆。