商业性体育健身俱乐部服务质量综合评价研究

运用问卷调查法、数理统计法,结合顾客感知服务质量模型和服务质量差距模型,参考Kim&Kim的QUESC评价模型和Yong&Donna的SSQRS评价模型对商业性健身俱乐部服务质量的关键因素进行分析,旨在从顾客的角度建立起适合我国商业性健身俱乐部服务质量的评价模型。     

京冀地区滑雪旅游产业现状与营销策略比较研究

北京市和河北省崇礼县滑雪旅游市场已经有了十几年的经营历史,为了探讨两地滑雪市场发展过程中存在的主要问题,为滑雪市场的开发和经营提供直接经验和参考依据,本文对北京市13家滑雪场和河北省崇礼县四大滑雪场经营现状、营销方法等多个方面进行了调查研究。结果发现,京冀地区滑雪场的经营状况在十多年的发展过程中已呈现出明显的差异。两地政府相关主管部门应该积极加强京冀地区滑雪旅游项目的管理,提升滑雪旅游产品的质量,要出台和规范滑雪旅游标准,增加滑雪旅游产品的功能,提升滑雪旅游产品的服务质量。     

对上海市保龄球馆经营的研究

通过采用问卷调查和实地走访的方法。提出认为,目前上海市经营性保龄球馆已从高涨期走向平稳发展期,正处在市场发展的成熟阶段,虽然球馆间竞争十分激烈,发展速度减慢,但这是正常的经济现象。在分析了影响保龄球馆经营的内因、外因并提出若干方面的对策后,得出上海市保龄球市场还有发展潜力的结论。     

我国商业性赛事市场化发展及经营管理创新思考

本文从分析商业性赛事概念、性质入手,对其市场化发展趋势、经营管理创新问题进行了探讨,以为商业性赛事市场的培育和发展提供参考建议。     

他山之石 可以攻玉——佩那罗尔队来华两战的启迪

今年华夏商业性比赛的重头戏——“北京空港国际仓储杯”中、乌足球对抗赛,于1995年8月24日和26日分别在成都、北京两地举行。今年年初,南美足联原来决     

全国保龄球赛结束

日前，北京保龄球馆开始星级评定的工作，以配合10月14日第32届世界标准日，评定标准是《保龄球馆星级划分及评定》。     

商业性健身俱乐部服务内容选择与服务人员要求

采用文献资料和实地考察等方法,从服务内容选择与服务人员要求两方面探讨商业性健身俱乐部的良性发展,从而提出商业性健身俱乐部的服务市场定位与服务内容的合理选择方式,及健身俱乐部服务人员的服务意识、形体、能力等方面的要求.     

我国商业性小微赛事的优化路径与理论探究

商业性小微赛事是体育赛事的重要组成部分,但并未受到学界系统化解读。文章运用逻辑分析法与文献资料法对商业性小微赛事理论结构与发展路径进行讨论,分析开展我国商业性小微赛事产业的现实意义、发展前景和优化路径。通过分析,发现我国商业性小微赛事的体育消费能力有待进一步挖掘,体育赛事管理职责主体仍需进一步改革,生产要素供给有待完善。建议政府职能部门要积极推动商业性小微赛事的发展,进一步加强生产要素的有效供给,积极制定针对性政策,推动商业性小微赛事规范化发展,商业性小微赛事的长期稳定发展需要发挥市场调节作用,积极推动赛事平台化发展,重点发展优势地区与优势项目,跨界整合,横纵兼顾,构建体育赛事新业态,科学定位,严格把控赛事服务质量,规模化发展,创新发展,转变发展思路。     

贵阳市商业健身俱乐部发展现状调研

本文以贵阳市10家商业性健身俱乐部为研究对象,通过实地考察、实地访谈、问卷调查、数理分析等方法对贵阳市这10家健身俱乐部进行研究。得出贵阳市商业性俱乐部的发展存在着一些问题:如,市场定位不合理、内部管理制度不健全、法规体系的建设相对滞后等问题,并提出相应的建议。     

美国人练气功,中国人打保龄

当越来越多的西方人认识到中国有3000多年历史的气功对身体和精神大有裨益时,而我国新兴的中产阶级却趋之若鹜地奔向在日美等发达国家早已过时的保龄球馆;当气功书籍在1998年被连续出版六七本并以极高的频率出现在因特网上时,北京、上海等国内大都市都以拥有若干24小时开放的保龄球馆而自豪;当美国ESPN著名电视访谈节目主持人里格斯·菲尔宾每天都在电视中赞叹气功的好处时,我国内地10道保龄球的日益火爆使国外的设备供应商大发意外之财。     

Effect of Information Load and Time on Observational Learning

We examined whether altering the amount of and moment when visual information is presented affected observational learning for participants practicing a bowling skill. On Day 1, four groups practiced a cricket bowling action. Three groups viewed a full-body point-light model, the model's bowling arm, or between-limb coordination of the model's left and right wrists only. Following retention tests on Day 2, all participants practiced after viewing a full-body display. Retention was again tested on Day 3. Bowling accuracy improved in all four practice groups. Kinematics of the bowling arm became more like the model for the full-body and intralimb groups only. All groups improved on measures of interlimb coordination. Visual search data indicated that participants mainly focused their gaze on the model's bowling arm. These data lead to the suggestion that viewing “end-effector” information (i.e., information pertaining to the bowling arm) is an important perceptual constraint early in observational learning. Implicit manipulations designed to increase attention to other sources of information did not facilitate the learning process.     

Lumbo-pelvic loading during fast bowling in adolescent cricketers: The influence of bowling speed and technique

Abstract

This study aimed to assess changes in bowling technique and lumbar load over the course of a bowling spell in adolescent fast bowlers, and to investigate the relationship between lumbar loads during fast bowling and kinematic factors which have previously been associated with low back injury. Three-dimensional motion analysis was carried out on forty participants who performed an 8-over bowling spell. There were no significant changes in bowling technique or lumbar loads over the course of the spell. Bowling with a more extended front knee, faster ball release speed and increased shoulder counter-rotation were related to increased lumbo-pelvic loading – in particular peak transverse plane rotation moments and anterior-posterior shear forces. These lumbar loads may be a factor in low back injury aetiology and future studies should investigate the relationship between lumbar loading, injury incidence and other risk factors.     

The relationship between bowling action classification and three-dimensional lower trunk motion in fast bowlers in cricket

Abstract

Lower back injuries, specifically lumbar stress fractures, account for the most lost playing time in professional cricket. The aims of this study were to quantify the proportion of lower trunk motion used during the delivery stride of fast bowling and to examine the relationship between the current fast bowling action classification system and potentially injurious kinematics of the lower trunk. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from 50 male professional fast bowlers during a standing active range of motion trial and three fast bowling trials. A high percentage of the fast bowlers used a mixed bowling action attributable to having shoulder counter-rotation greater than 30°. The greatest proportion of lower trunk extension (26%), contralateral side-flexion (129%), and ipsilateral rotation (79%) was used during the front foot contact phase of the fast bowling delivery stride. There was no significant difference in the proportions of available lower trunk extension, contralateral side-flexion, and ipsilateral rotation range of motion used during fast bowling by mixed and non-mixed action bowlers. Motion of the lower trunk, particularly side-flexion, during front foot contact, in addition to variables previously known to be related to back injury (e.g. shoulder counter-rotation), should be examined in future cross-sectional and prospective studies examining the fast bowling action and low back injury.     

Bowling action and ball flight kinematics of conventional swing bowling in pathway and high-performance bowlers

ABSTRACT

When executed correctly, swing bowling has the potential to influence the outcome of a cricket match, yet little is known about the required bowling action and ball flight characteristics. This study aimed to describe the bowling action and initial ball flight characteristics as well as to identify variables that may be associated with increased swing in pathway and high-performance medium and fast pace bowlers. A 17-camera Vicon motion analysis system captured retro-reflective markers placed on the upper-body of participants and new cricket balls to quantify bowling action and initial ball flight kinematics. Bowlers delivered the ball with their forearm and hand angled in the direction of intended swing with an extended wrist flexing through the point of ball release. Bowlers who produced more swing had increased seam stability, possibly linked to a lower wrist and ball angular velocity. It is believed that swing increases with seam stability, however, optimal ranges may exist for seam azimuth angle, ball angular velocity and release speed. These findings may assist coaches to optimise the performance of bowlers, however, future research should use bowlers who play at higher levels to investigate swing bowling at greater speeds.     

Auto detecting deliveries in elite cricket fast bowlers using microsensors and machine learning

ABSTRACT

Cricket fast bowlers are at a high risk of injury occurrence, which has previously been shown to be correlated to bowling workloads. This study aimed to develop and test an algorithm that can automatically, reliably and accurately detect bowling deliveries. Inertial sensor data from a Catapult OptimEye S5 wearable device was collected from both national and international level fast bowlers (n = 35) in both training and matches, at various intensities. A machine-learning based approach was used to develop the algorithm. Outputs were compared with over 20,000 manually recorded events. A high Matthews correlation coefficient (r = 0.945) showed very good agreement between the automatically detected bowling deliveries and manually recorded ones. The algorithm was found to be both sensitive and specific in training (96.3%, 98.3%) and matches (99.6%, 96.9%), respectively. Rare falsely classified events were typically warm-up deliveries or throws preceded by a run. Inertial sensors data processed by a machine-learning based algorithm provide a valid tool to automatically detect bowling events, whilst also providing the opportunity to look at performance metrics associated with fast bowling. This offers the possibility to better monitor bowling workloads across a range of intensities to mitigate injury risk potential and maximise performance.     

The relationship between bowling action classification and three-dimensional lower trunk motion in fast bowlers in cricket

Lower back injuries, specifically lumbar stress fractures, account for the most lost playing time in professional cricket. The aims of this study were to quantify the proportion of lower trunk motion used during the delivery stride of fast bowling and to examine the relationship between the current fast bowling action classification system and potentially injurious kinematics of the lower trunk. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected from 50 male professional fast bowlers during a standing active range of motion trial and three fast bowling trials. A high percentage of the fast bowlers used a mixed bowling action attributable to having shoulder counter-rotation greater than 30 degrees. The greatest proportion of lower trunk extension (26%), contralateral side-flexion (129%), and ipsilateral rotation (79%) was used during the front foot contact phase of the fast bowling delivery stride. There was no significant difference in the proportions of available lower trunk extension, contralateral side-flexion, and ipsilateral rotation range of motion used during fast bowling by mixed and non-mixed action bowlers. Motion of the lower trunk, particularly side-flexion, during front foot contact, in addition to variables previously known to be related to back injury (e.g. shoulder counter-rotation), should be examined in future cross-sectional and prospective studies examining the fast bowling action and low back injury.     

Consistency of kinematic and kinetic patterns during a prolonged spell of cricket fast bowling: an exploratory laboratory study

Due to the high incidence of lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers, international cricket organisations advocate limits on workload for bowlers under 19 years of age in training/matches. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant changes in either fast bowling technique or movement variability could be detected throughout a 10-over bowling spell that exceeded the recommended limit. Twenty-five junior male fast bowlers bowled at competition pace while three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected for the leading leg, trunk and bowling arm. Separate analyses for the mean and within-participant standard deviation of each variable were performed using repeated measures factorial analyses of variance and computation of effect sizes. No substantial changes were observed in mean values or variability of any kinematic, kinetic or performance variables, which instead revealed a high degree of consistency in kinematic and kinetic patterns. Therefore, the suggestion that exceeding the workload limit per spell causes technique- and loading-related changes associated with lumbar injury risk is not valid and cannot be used to justify the restriction of bowling workload. For injury prevention, the focus instead should be on the long-term effect of repeated spells and on the fast bowling technique itself.     

The effect of coaching intervention on elite fast bowling technique over a two year period

Fast bowling in cricket is an activity that is well recognised as having high injury prevalence and there has been debate regarding the most effective fast bowling technique. The aim of this study was to determine whether two-year coaching interventions conducted in a group of elite young fast bowlers resulted in fast bowling technique alteration. Selected kinematics of the bowling action of 14 elite young fast bowlers were measured using an 18 camera Vicon Motion Analysis system before and after two-year coaching interventions that addressed specific elements of fast bowling technique. Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine whether any changes in kinematic variables occurred pre- and post-intervention between those who had the coaching interventions and those who didn't. The coaching interventions, when applied, resulted in a more side-on shoulder alignment at back foot contact (BFC) (p = 0.002) and decreased shoulder counter-rotation (p = 0.001) however, there was no difference in the degree of change in back and front knee flexion angles or lower trunk side-flexion. This study has clearly shown that specific aspects of fast bowling technique are changeable over a two-year period in elite level fast bowlers and this may be attributed to coaching intervention.     

The effect of a fast bowling harness in cricket: an intervention study

The influence of a bowling harness, as a training aid, was assessed as a means of modifying bowling technique. Thirty-three 13-year-old bowlers received a standardized 15 min of bowling coaching twice a week for 8 weeks. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The 13 participants in the intervention group used the bowling harness throughout the coaching, while also receiving verbal and visual feedback. The 20 participants in the non-harness group received the same visual and verbal feedback. Three-dimensional videography (200 Hz) of each player's bowling action enabled the calculation of transverse plane shoulder alignment counter-rotation, separation angle, lateral flexion and hyperextension of the trunk before and after the intervention. The restriction applied by the harness produced a significant reduction ( P = 0.006) in separation angle and forced the bowler to adopt a position at back-foot impact that reduced the 'twist' in the spine. However, it had no effect on restricting other aspects of trunk movement during the critical phases of the bowling action. No significant long-term modifications to technique were found after the coaching intervention when players were assessed without the harness.     

The effect of a fast bowling harness in cricket: an intervention study

The influence of a bowling harness, as a training aid, was assessed as a means of modifying bowling technique. Thirty-three 13-year-old bowlers received a standardized 15 min of bowling coaching twice a week for 8 weeks. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The 13 participants in the intervention group used the bowling harness throughout the coaching, while also receiving verbal and visual feedback. The 20 participants in the non-harness group received the same visual and verbal feedback. Three-dimensional videography (200 Hz) of each player's bowling action enabled the calculation of transverse plane shoulder alignment counter-rotation, separation angle, lateral flexion and hyperextension of the trunk before and after the intervention. The restriction applied by the harness produced a significant reduction (P= 0.006) in separation angle and forced the bowler to adopt a position at back-foot impact that reduced the 'twist' in the spine. However, it had no effect on restricting other aspects of trunk movement during the critical phases of the bowling action. No significant long-term modifications to technique were found after the coaching intervention when players were assessed without the harness.