幼儿园家长助教的实施与思考

家长助教作为一种常用的家园合作共育方式,在家园同步教育、形成合力中发挥重要作用。通过建立"合作型"助教支持系统、形成基于"问题"的工作机制、构建"适切性"助教模式、启动"个性化"助教项目等方式,发挥家长显性和隐性的教育资源,丰富幼儿一日活动内容,为幼儿智慧成长服务。     

Kindergarten Transition Preparation: A Comparison of Teacher and Parent Practices for Children with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities

The transition to kindergarten represents an important developmental milestone for children and may pose unique challenges to children with disabilities, their families, and teachers. The primary goal of the current study was to investigate teacher concerns regarding the transition to kindergarten as well as teacher and parent-reported transition preparation practices and involvement for a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (n = 19) and children with other developmental disabilities (n = 76). Teachers reported significantly more concerns for children in the ASD group than for children in the DD group, although there was no difference in total involvement in transition practices between groups. Although teacher and parent involvement in transition preparation was generally high, generic less individualized practices often were utilized. Study findings are discussed in the context of future research directions to help facilitate kindergarten transitions for young children with disabilities.     

在园幼儿问题行为调查

文章采用自编的“幼儿心理问卷”,对长沙市233名36岁在因幼儿进行了调查。以了解在园幼儿问题行为的表现,及其年龄差异和性别差异。结果,幼儿问题行为的检出率为：饮食问题21．19％、睡眠问题11．47％、行为问题9．08％,而且存在年龄差异和性别差异。     

托幼机构教育中的儿童发展评价

儿童发展水平应当成为托幼机构教育质量评价的标准之一.儿童发展的形成性评价和终结性评价不等同于具体的评价方法,两类评价的根本区别在于功能的差异以及由此决定的评价标准的不同.在托幼机构开展儿童发展评价时,评价者不仅要注意采用科学的方法收集数据资料,还要注重对数据资料的解释和判断以及对评价结果的反馈和应用.     

幼儿园家长委员会运作的现状与建议——以上海市为例

幼儿园家长委员会是在幼儿园指导下,由家长代表组成、代表全体家长和幼儿利益的常设性群众组织.笔者采用访谈法、问卷法、观察法和实物分析法等,对上海市幼儿园家长委员会的运作现状展开了研究.结果发现,家长选举这一家长委员会组建方式效果最佳,幼儿园园长、教师、家长委员会成员和其他家长共同参与评价家委会工作有利于家委会工作的开展.     

幼儿园保教关系新论

保教工作是幼儿园教育的核心,保教关系的状态是保教质量的重要表现。梳理学术可知,保教关系经历了从"倾斜式"、"并列式"的界限分明到模糊界限的"融合式",再进一步渗透深化的历程。但不管是"倾斜式"、"并列式"亦或是"融合式"的保教关系均存在一定的局限和现实问题。笔者认为结合了"完整儿童"的特点,追求保与教平等且相融状态的"一体式"保教关系是幼儿园保教发展的必然趋势,也是较之"倾斜式"和"融合式"更为科学的关系表述。     

幼儿园一日活动过渡环节中规训的误用与滥用

与其他教育机构一样,幼儿园也是一个充满规训的场所,教师通过诸多手段对幼儿的身体和精神等进行着规训。通过对武汉市某幼儿园一日活动过渡环节的观察,发现教师此时在规训方面存在误用和滥用等问题。幼教工作者可以从转变教育观念、合理使用规训以及加强实践反思等三个方面寻求改变。     

Supporting Child Welfare and Parent Involvement in Preschool Programs

This article discusses the findings from a mixed-method study examining the relationship between social resources and levels of parent involvement in state-funded preschool programs in Illinois. Using survey data from the Illinois Birth to Five Evaluation (n = 843) and interviews with ten preschool administrators who completed the survey, the study found the number of social resources provided by a program was positively associated with levels of parent involvement. The correlation analysis (r = −0.22, p = .0001) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) F(2,708) = 23.19, p = .0001 findings both demonstrated positive relationships wherein high numbers of social resources were associated with higher levels of parent involvement in programs. Administrator interviews confirmed survey findings and suggested additional influences on parent involvement levels and use of social resources in programs. Implications for supporting child welfare and policy recommendations for early childhood programs are provided.     

对中学生惩罚教育的认识及实施

随着教育理念的升级,惩罚教育愈来愈被鼓励教育、赏识教育替代,渐渐淡出了教育市场.这应该是可喜的进步,但是我们做事经常表现出非此即彼、非左即右的两极化倾向.几年来,教育领域由于几乎放弃了惩罚教育,谈罚色变、战战兢兢,于是种种问题层出不穷,导致教育出现各种尴尬局面,于是提醒我们要重新认识惩罚教育、审视惩罚教育的价值.把...     

幼儿在园一日生活的价值与教育

幼儿在园的一日生活充满着丰富的教育契机,但当前幼儿园教育缺乏对儿童生活的深入理解,武断地将儿童完整的在园生活分割为学习与生活两部分,忽视了幼儿在园一日生活的整体性.为改变这种现状,幼儿园教师应转变自身有关幼儿园课程和幼儿生活的观念,提高自身对幼儿日常活动中教育契机的敏感性,使幼儿在不断重复的日常活动中也能获得良好发展.     

For a Better Understanding Between Parent and Child

Now there is often a misunderstanding between parent and child.Parents often complain that their children are behaving unreasonably while many children would so often say that his or her parents are old fashioned.When the child has a     

Maternal Sensitivity and Child Wariness in the Transition to Kindergarten

Objective. This study tested maternal sensitivity as a moderator of the stability of wary behavior between 15 months and the transition to school. Design. Observational data from 15-month-old children and their mothers, kindergarten teacher reports, and maternal reports during the transition to kindergarten from 215 children from 3 sites (North Carolina, Virginia, and Arkansas) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; 1994), Study of Early Child Care are used. Results. Findings indicate significant stability of inhibition from 15 months to the transition to kindergarten and a significant interaction between maternal sensitivity and 15-month wariness in predicting inhibition in the transition to kindergarten. Among children who displayed wariness at 15 months, greater maternal sensitivity was associated with less inhibition during the transition to kindergarten. For children who did not display wariness at 15 months, there was no relation between maternal sensitivity and inhibition in the transition to kindergarten. Conclusions. These findings suggest moderate stability of this early temperamental characteristic and point to the importance of responsive parenting in its modification.     

教师实践偏失行为分析与矫正

教师实践偏失行为指的是教师在实践过程中出现的不规范、不准确、不合时宜、不恰当,甚至有可能是错误的行为。现实中,教师实践偏失行为的存在是比较普遍的。只有对其产生的原因进行具体分析,才能进行有效的矫正。作为教师要勇于承受当下的典型性阵痛,才能实现自身的专业发展。     

Kindergarten Teachers' Use of Developmentally Appropriate Practices and Attitudes About Authority

This study examined the relationship between kindergarten teachers' use of developmentally appropriate practices and their attitudes toward authority in the classroom. The study found an overall low use of developmentally appropriate practices. Instead, the classrooms exhibited academically oriented, skill-centered programs. However, kindergarten teachers who rated themselves higher in authority sharing as opposed to authority controlling were more likely to use developmentally appropriate teaching strategies as delineated by the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Aspects of the teachers' professional experience and education had little relationship to their attitudes about authority in the classroom. The positive relationship between an authority-sharing attitude and developmentally appropriate practices suggests that more importance be placed on developing teachers' and prospective teachers' attitudes about adult/child authority orientation than on simply prescribing overt teacher behavior.     

试论亲子教育的内涵与功能

亲子教育的实践先于概念的形成 ,其基础是家庭的早期教育。它包含有亲职教育和亲情教育两个主要部分。在亲子教育指导中 ,要重视亲情教育功能的发挥 ,把亲子关系中建立亲情关系放在首位 ,作为促进婴幼儿身心健康和智能开发 ,人格完善的前提和保证。     

Functional Analysis and Intervention for Disruptive Behaviors of a Kindergarten Student

Abstract

A functional analysis involving interviews and direct observation was used to analyze the multiple disruptive behaviors of a kindergarten student. Following this analysis, an intervention that combined reinforcement and teacher-cued self-monitoring procedures was implemented using an A-B-A-B withdrawal design. The procedures produced a significant decrease in his disruptive behavior and changes in the functions of disruptions across experimental phases.     

The Value of New Parent Groups in Child and Family Health Nursing

A reorganization of child and family health nursing services followed policy changes in New South Wales, Australia, in the late 1990s. However, the introduction of universal and sustained home visiting to all new parents limited resources available to provide support groups for new parents. This qualitative research study used a case study approach to examine the impact of new parents'' group attendance on mothers and on mothers'' interactions with their baby. Key findings demonstrated that attendance at a group created an opportunity, the overarching theme, for both the mothers and infants. New Parent groups appear to be as important as other modes of nursing service delivery to children and parents and serve a different purpose to center-based or home visits.     

学前儿童在家在园亲社会行为的比较观察研究

随机抽取中班、小班儿童各100名,由教师和家长分别对其进行2周的自然观察,并结合平常表现,对幼儿亲社会行为进行评定。统计分析表明:(1)无论小班还是中班,在家还是在园,女孩的亲社会行为大都要多于男孩,女孩在帮助、他尊指标上显著优于男孩。(2)各种类型亲社会行为之间均存在显著差异,幼儿合作、自尊行为发生率最高,其次是友谊、他尊、自控、分享,最少发生的是帮助、关心。(3)小班儿童在园的帮助、他尊行为显著多于中班儿童;中班儿童在家的分享行为明显多于小班儿童。     

Relationship-Focused Child Care Practices: Quality of Care and Child Outcomes for Children in Poverty

Research Findings: Child care delivery practices promoting continuous, primary caregiver-child relationships (relationship-focused child care) were evaluated for 223 preschool-age children (45% African American, 55% Latino) attending child care centers serving low-income children. Both relationship-focused and non-relationship-focused centers were accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Children in relationship-focused programs received more sensitive, involved, and affectionate caregiving and were more engaged with their caregivers than children in comparison centers, but some differences were greater for African American children. Outcomes associated with relationship-focused care included greater parent-reported child compliance and closer parent-caregiver relations, but no consistent benefits for cognitive school readiness, receptive language, or child behavior problems were found. Follow-up assessments were completed 1 year later for 119 children who remained in their programs. Social and cognitive outcomes improved over time, but some changes were moderated by child race/ethnicity and center type. Over time, parents reported greater child compliance and caregivers reported better parent-caregiver relationships in relationship-focused programs. Practice or Policy: Some social benefits of continuous, primary caregivers were found, but children's cognitive competencies improved with sustained attendance at these accredited programs regardless of the relationship-focused practices.