福州市区生活污水排放现状调查与解决对策初探

福州市市区生活污水占总污水量的70．5％,是福州市地表水污染的重要来源。文章通过具体调查,分析了福州市生活污水的组成和污染因子的含量及生活污水的排放量,并根据实际情况,提出了如何合理利用福州市生活污水的方法,以达到生活污水资源化、减量化的目的。     

通过数学建模解决污水处理问题

针对三个工厂排放的污水情况与江边居民对水质的要求,根据问题的条件,进行了合理的假设,建立了数学模型,通过Lingo软件得出了各污水处理厂应排出污水的浓度.数学建模与数学软件的结合为解决实际问题提供了方便.     

基于PLC控制的中水处理系统

介绍了生活污水处理的PLC控制系统,其上位机采用MCGS组态软件进行设计,控制界面直观生动;下位机采用欧姆龙C200H系列PLC进行控制,采用模块化设计,系统性能好且控制方便.     

污泥中重金属的生物淋滤

结合国内外最新的研究进展,介绍了一种新兴的能够经济有效地去除污泥中重金属的方法——生物淋滤,包括重金属在污泥中的存在状态,生物淋滤机理、方法和效果,影响生物淋滤过程的因素,并对其在环境治理方面的应用前景作了分析．     

新研制复合絮凝剂气浮絮凝处理炼油污水

提高炼油污水生化处理的达标率,气浮絮凝前处理是关键。用研制的TIDI+HIHON絮凝剂投入工业运行试验,取得了明显的效果。     

大连市城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液水质评价

基于对大连市城市生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理处置必要性和紧迫性的分析,及对垃圾渗滤液环境污染机理的探讨,分别采取大连市城市生活垃圾填埋场新产和存储老化垃圾渗滤液进行分析测试,并运用单项污染指数法进行水质评价.评价结果表明,大连市城市生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液污染物浓度超标严重,其中重金属污染物浓度极高.在分析垃圾渗滤液水质特征的基础上,对大连市城市生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液的处理处置提出了意见和建议.     

A/O工艺与分段进水两种生物脱氮工艺的比较研究

从脱氮率、工艺运行以及节能角度对A／O工艺与分段进水2种生物脱氮工艺进行比较．结果表明,当污泥回流比为50％的条件下,分段进水工艺能达到高于80％的总氮去除率,但是A／O工艺只能达到40％．在污泥回流比为100％、硝化液回流比为200％的条件下,A／O工艺能够达到78．32％的总氮去除率,但是SVI值将达到143mL／g．而达到同样甚至更高的总氮去除率（81．1％）,分段进水工艺的SVI值只有94．4mL／g．分段进水工艺中污泥膨胀得到很好的控制．分段进水工艺在适用性、脱氮率、运行稳定性方面优于A／O工艺．     

水生植物床去除富营养化水源水中藻毒素的机制

为净化富营养化水源水中的藻毒素,在太湖湖滨进行了水生植物床(AVB)技术试验.该技术对MC-RR和MC-LR的平均去除率分别达63.0%和66.7%.用酶联免疫吸附法检测发现水生植物根部对藻毒素的富集能力大于茎叶部位.用荧光原位杂交法在AVB的底泥中检测到2种已知的藻毒素降解细菌,证明微生物降解作用的存在.植物根系原生动物相和后生动物相丰富,盾纤虫、钟虫、旋轮虫、腔轮虫是优势种,原生动物和后生动物的捕食作用在蓝藻和藻毒素的去除中发挥着积极作用.     

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters

The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest. The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists. Meanwhile, the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters. Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) have been developed, and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control. Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will accelerate application of the process in future. This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process. Project supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2006AA06Z332), and the Science and Technology Foundation for Key Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2003C13005), China     

Review:Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters

The concept of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is presently of great interest.The functional bacteria belonging to the Planctomycete phylum and their metabolism are investigated by microbiologists.Meanwhile,the ANAMMOX is equally valuable in treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters.Related processes including partial nitritation-ANAMMOX and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) have been developed,and lab-scale experiments proved that both processes were quite feasible in engineering with appropriate control.Successful full-scale practice in the Netherlands will ac-celerate application of the process in future.This review introduces the microbiology and more focuses on application of the ANAMMOX process.     

Technological feasibility of biodiesel production from bioaugmented hydrolysate of waste sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

The hydrolysate of waste sludge was used as the feedstock of biodiesel production, and its technological feasibility was investigated. Waste sludge, collected from No.3 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant of Xi＇an, was hydrolyzed in two parallel reactors firstly. Yeast was added into one reactor for bioaugmentation, and the other reactor without yeast was used as a control. Then an acid-catalyzed in situ esterification process was carried out to convert the hydrolysate to biodiesel. The results of hydrolysis showed that the reactor bioaugmented with yeast could promote hydrolysis compared with the control one because of an obvious variance in total suspended solid （TSS）, volatile suspended solid （VSS） and soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD）. Furthermore, gas chromatography （GC） analysis exhibited that the total volatile fatty acid （VFA） was low in the hydrolysate of bioaugmentation reactor; however, its yield of the fatty acid methyl esters （FAMEs） by in situ esterification was obviously higher when compared with the control one. Therefore, it may be inferred that the hydrolysate of bioaugmentation was mainly inclined to longer-chain fatty acid rather than to VFA. Anyway, an FAMEs yield of 9.24% （wt%） from dried sludge was attained after the 12-d bioaugmentation hydrolysis and succedent esterification. This value was not only higher than that of the control one but also higher than that reported in previous literature. The above results illuminated that it was feasible to produce biodiesel from the bioaugmented hydrolysate of waste sludge.     

生物法处理玉米糖废水的研究

根据玉米糖废水的水质特点 ,选择厌氧—好氧主体工艺处理玉米糖废水 .运行结果表明 :在进水水质为CODCr≤ 10 15 1mg/L时 ,出水水质达到GB8979— 1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准 .该处理工艺耐冲击负荷能力强 ,运行稳定 ,操作简单 ,基建和运行费用较低 .可推广应用于食品行业高浓度有机废水的处理     

An approach to optimize the batch mixing process for improving the quality consistency of the products made from traditional Chinese medicines

The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is based on the combined effects of its constituents. Variation in chemical composition between batches of TCM has always been the deterring factor in achieving consistency in efficacy. The batch mixing process can significantly reduce the batch-to-batch quality variation in TCM extracts by mixing them in a well-designed proportion. However, reducing the quality variation without sacrificing too much of the production efficiency is one of the challenges. Accordingly, an innovative and practical batch mixing method aimed at providing acceptable efficiency for industrial production of TCM products is proposed in this work, which uses a minimum number of batches of extracts to meet the content limits. The important factors affecting the utilization ratio of the extracts (URE) were studied by simulations. The results have shown that URE was affected by the correlation between the contents of constituents, and URE decreased with the increase in the number of targets and the relative standard deviations of the contents. URE could be increased by increasing the number of storage tanks. The results have provided a reference for designing the batch mixing process. The proposed method has possible application value in reducing the quality variation in TCM and providing acceptable production efficiency simultaneously.     

以赤泥为原料制备聚合铝铁絮凝剂进行高浊度废水处理的综合性实验

根据赤泥中富含铝、铁资源的特点,通过化学浸出和聚合反应实验,制备了一种高效的铝铁无机絮凝剂,用于高浊度废水吸附处理.实验涉及铝铁无机絮凝剂制备、大型仪器表征分析、聚合产物形态分析和吸附法处理废水等基础理论,增强了学生的科研兴趣,锻炼了学生的动手能力,提高了学生"节能减排"等环境保护意识,实现了科研与教学的有效融合.     

高师化学实验室废液处理开放式实验教学的探索

高校化学实验室产生的废液不经处理便直接排人下水道对环境造成严重污染.将实验室废液回收列为开放实验教学课题,通过学生实验对各类无机废液进行简单有效的处理和回收.分析了开放式实验教学的必要性、开放性、研究性、主动性和过程性特点,总结了实验室废液处理开放实验教学的组织运行模式和考核评价策略.