A content analysis of student/instructor communication via computer conferencing

The focus of this study centers upon an analysis of instructor and student postings on the Electronic Forum (EF) during a one-semester undergraduate phonetics course. Sixty-one students were invited to participate in a class computer conferencing project to discuss questions about the course content and assignments, share ideas with others, and respond to comments made by their peers and the instructor. The content of each student's and instructor's posting was analyzed to determine the number and type of topics discussed. Students wrote about 340 topics in 143 postings; the instructor wrote 124 topics in 23 postings. These topics were placed in categories and analyzed with respect to the postings made during the first and second half semester. Four interactive communicative Category Clusters were identified. These Clusters show interaction trends between students and instructor and resulting accommodations made by both students and the instructor. The advantages of using an electronic forum to enhance student learning, to improve classroom activities, and to empower students to take more active roles in their learning, are discussed.     

体育教师角色的期待——心理健康教育者

培养学生健全的人格和健康的心理已纳入体育课程目标范畴,体育教师作为教学活动的组织者和实施者,成为一名学生心理健康教育者是体育教师角色转变的关键。明确对学生心理教育的意识是首要前提,掌握心理教育知识和具备心理教育能力是基本保障,发挥体育课程的优势开展心理健康教育是主要途径。     

PLATO: An Automatic Teaching Device

PLATO?a teaching machine developed during the past nine months at the Coordinated Science Laboratory of the University of Illinois?is a device for teaching a number of students individually by means of a single, central, high-speed general-purpose digital computer. Each student is provided with his own keyset and television display. The keyset enables the student to control the sequence of materials presented to him by the machine, as well as to transmit to the computer answers to its questions. The computer communicates to each student by closed circuit television. It selects slides and writes or erases sentences and diagrams on a storage tube. These two outputs are superimposed and displayed on the student's television screen. Not only are textual materials presented to each student at a rate determined by that student, but the computer frequently poses questions. The student's answers?which may take the form of numerals, algebraic expressions, or words and phrases ?are judged by the computer without revealing the correct answer to the question. Supplementary material is presented by the machine upon request for any question which the student finds difficult. The computer keeps detailed records of each student's progress through the material. Though a two-student version of PLATO is now in operation, the paper describes in detail an earlier one-student system. The system has been used to present a variety of subject matters, ranging from mathematics to topics in French grammar.     

Innovative Online Assessment Using Confidence Measurement

This research investigates and evaluates an innovative approach to a web based formative assessment system. This self assessment tool is based on the traditional Multiple Choice Questions with additional facilitation of registering the level of confidence of the student's response to each of the options available. The student's generated score is designed to reflect their understanding of the topic under review.A series of experiments involving 93 participating students and 8 instructors were conducted producing some interesting qualitative and quantitative data. Our results show that it appears that this tool has promise as a positive contributor to the instructor and student as they journey along their learning path. In addition this research recommends directions for further studies.     

论辅导员(班主任)队伍建设在学生教育管理工作中的重要作用

辅导员（班主任）是全面贯彻执行教育方针，实施“德育先导”的职业素质教育的主力军。辅导员（班主任）工作是树立良好校风的关键，是全面提高学生素质的组织保证。因此，加强辅导员（班主任）队伍建设是做好学生教育管理工作的重要一环。合校建院以来，水利系学生工作在辅导员（班主任）的选任、教育及管理工作等方面做出一些探索，这里和大家一起共勉。     

如何理解学生的“全面发展”

学生的全面发展是教育的根本目标,但长期以来,由于对学生全面素质结构认识不够完整清晰,以致教育活动系统诸如目标系统、课程系统、教学系统和管理评价系统都有缺失。“四格”素质结构理念对学生全面素质作了新的认识,即学生(作为人)有待发展的全面素质由体格、心格、智格、行格“四格”组成,“四格”各自以自身独特的内涵而存在,又互相交融,不可分割。“四格”理念旨在构建面向学生全面素质发展的课程体系。     

Testing Speaking Skill with Help of Language Lab or Computer

Speaking skill is an important component in the student＇s communicative competence. The testing of this skill is indispensable with its functions of providing useful feedback and motivating students. Where direct face-to-face oral test is impossible when large number of candidates involved, language lab or computer can be used to carry out various testing tasks in the evaluation of the students＇ oral communicative competence.     

An ecological approach to the on-line assessment of problem-solving paths: Principles and applications

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for designing on-line situated assessment tools for multimedia instructional systems. Based on an ecological psychology approach to situated learning, a graph theoretic methodology is applied to monitor students' performance (solution paths) throughout the learning activity. Deviation of the student's path from the target (expert) path generates indicators which can function as alerts to the student and to the instructor. The information collected in the dribble files and presented visually enables the instructor to identify problems quickly and intervene appropriately. The feasibility of the methodology is explored in case studies describing three instructional systems that teach (1) critical thinking and problem-solving skills, (2) principles of hemodynamic monitoring and treatment, and (3) orthodontic treatment, respectively.     

Le Système ESSOR d'Expérimentation Scientifique Simulée et ses Potentialités Pédagogiques

Summaries

English

One of the main aims in the teaching of science is the acquisition of an experimental methodology. The principal obstacles to this methodological training are briefly analysed; they arise mainly from the shortage of time available for experimental work. In this article, computer‐simulated scientific experimentation is proposed as an aid in overcoming these obstacles. This type of teaching, integrated into a classical curriculum, does not exclude laboratory work, which is still indispensable for the learning of techniques. To facilitate the setting up of the proposed method, the ESSOR system simulation on mini‐computer has been developed. Its technical and pedagogic characteristics are described. This system allows the easy simulation of experiments analogous to those of the laboratory. The student using it is free to adopt individual procedures for the study of a proposed phenomenon; the system follows up automatically the individual activity of students and frees the instructor from most of the difficulties in programming work.     

对高校学生体育信息处理系统开发的可行性分析

高等学校学生体育信息处理系统的研制,是学校体育学与计算机软件科学开发的结合,是应用计算机对信息处理的快速、准确,来解决体育教学评价中学生信息处理的众多繁杂问题,提高工作效率,方便教师对学生信息进行管理和存档。     

以人为本 优化大学英语教学

英语教师在教学中应注重培养学生自主创新的学习品质。创新教育是以开发创新性思维为核心、以培养创新性人才为基本价值取向的教育。在英语教学中进行优化教学,实施创新教育,以人为本;在语言学习的过程中培养学生的创新性思维,引导学生进行创新性学习。     

Students' ratings of instructors revisited: Interactions among class and instructor variables

Previous studies concerning students' ratings of instruction have traditionally used the class as the unit of analysis and the ratings have been analyzed in one of two ways: (1) regression analysis, wherein the amount of variability in instructor ratings can be attributed to a set of variables; or (2) analysis of variance, wherein the effect of some selected independent variable on instructor ratings is measured. While both approaches have provided valuable information about the evaluation of instruction, little attention has been given to the interactions among the variables selected. In order to determine how situational variables influence the student at the time an evaluation is performed, the present study used the individual student as the unit of analysis and focused principally on the interactions between three variables related to the class (type, level, and size) and three variables related to the instructor (reputation, rank, and sex). The data were analyzed through 15 two-way factorial analyses of variance, with 23 main effects and 12 interactions reaching significance. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of their effect on the student rating process.     

高校学生评教的症结与治理

当前,高校学生评教作为高等教育质量保障的一项重要制度倍受关注。但是,目前我国高校学生评教远没有达到预期的目的。从学生评教的逻辑起点和关系结构两个方面对其进行分析,认为学生评教是一项管理活动。目前学生评教的症结就是以管理为本的倾向,需用治理理论的理念来更新学生评教的管理思想和观念。并通过提高评估人员的专业化程度来改善学生评教的现状,使学生评教实现其提高教学水平、保障教学质量的初衷。     

Confidence Intervals for the Proportion of Mastery in Criterion-Referenced Measurement

A relatively simple method is developed to obtain confidence intervals for a student's proportion of domain mastery in criterion-referenced or mastery measurement situations. The method uses the binomial distribution as a model for the student's scores under hypothetically repeated assessments. Though the use of this model is not a new idea, the method of implementation has not been proposed previously. The technique makes use of widely available F tables and hence does not require elaborate computer equipment or proprietary computer programs.     

An Experiment toward Establishing Communication from Audience to Lecturer

Many techniques, audio and video, are available for projecting a lecturer's performance to a large audience, but techniques for feedback from audience to lecturer are almost totally lacking. The return communication link, if available, would be an important factor in the performances of lecturer and audience, hence in the educational process. An experiment using 30 students for a semester is described. Each student had a pair of push-buttons at his seat, and could answer either "red" or "black." Answers were then "frozen" and totals displayed. After discussion the instructor inserted the correct answer. The circuit then "graded" each student's answer and recorded the score in a count-register, which accumulated each student's score throughout the semester. The electrical problems were easily ironed out; the psychological effects were more complicated and interesting. Frequent scoring at unexpected times produced too much tension and interfered with rapport. Scoring during a few minutes at one end of the period and use of the machine at other times for information only without registration of scores seemed to be satisfactory. Typical student reaction, "Does this mean we have to know our lesson every day?"     

现代大学生管理制度构建：基于学生观的视角

学生管理制度是现代大学制度的重要组成部分,现代大学生管理制度的构建必须以现代学生观为指导.现代学生观包括师生地位观、学生发展观、学生学习观、学生利益观、学生评价观等部分.现代学生观要求建立法制化、专业化和参与式的学生管理制度,最终实现学生自我管理的目的.     

基于INTERNET的高校管理人员考核系统的研究与应用

高校管理人员的考核评价是高校人事管理的基础性工作,也是深化高校人事制度改革的重要举措。改革传统考核评议方式,结合计算机网络先进技术,建立高校管理人员考核评议系统,将考核评议放在Internet(互联网)上进行,并运用计算机自动处理考核结果。这种尝试效果显著,不但实现了高效、民主、科学的目的,而且有利于建立起科学的考核评价指标体系,加强管理人才队伍的建设。     

对省计算机机考系统的改进研究

四川省非计算机专业的计算机等级考试，是四川省等级考试委员会组织命题的全省高校参加的计算机等级考试，每年举行两次，近年来每次约10万人参加。仅2003年4月的四川师范大学的计算机一级就有5千多人参加考试，通过率为81％。但从学生的动手能力来看，还有不少的的学生的基本操作存在许多问题。为了加强学生的动手技能的培养，引导学生对实际操作的重视与掌握，经过我们的研充实践，提出对计算机的考试系统进行修改。减少客观试题，新增对学生的操作试题的要求，这样有利于学生能力的培养，提高学生的综合素质与操作能力。     

高校辅导员生态环境研究

大学生思想政治教育需要一支专业化、职业化的辅导员队伍。辅导员的生存和发展受到许多生态因子的影响与限制。高校辅导员发展的现实生态环境表现为:高校辅导员正在被边缘化,整体生态环境缺乏平衡,生态位受到挤压,且多种生态因子有成为限制因子的趋势。构建高校辅导员的和谐生态环境,应积极关注高校辅导员发展的生态环境,确立整体生态环境观,营造凸显人文关怀的制度生态环境,改善高校辅导员"边际人"群体的物质生态环境,并为其创设健康、豁达的心理生态环境。     

多媒体教学与素质教育

学校的教学实践中,计算机、投影仪等多媒体教学手段的使用日益普及,它在提高学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的创造性的思维,启迪学生创造性的想象力等方面发挥了重要的作用.但是我们也应该正确地使用它,克服其中的一些弊端.