后奥运时期我国奥林匹克教育研究

对2008奥运会将对中国社会产生的各种积极影响各方面已经有很多论述,本文则选择奥运会教育为研究核心,在回顾奥林匹克教育思想的发展路程、结合我国奥林匹克教育现状、展望2008奥林匹克教育基础之上,提出后奥运时期我国奥林匹克教育思路,充分利用先进的奥运文化资源,进一步研究奥运教育的文化功能,发挥奥林匹克教育的重大作用。     

奥运舵手论

奥运舵手体现出的平民化思想是以人为本、重在参与等奥运思想的演绎,是对北京奥运会人文奥运理念的诠释,也是北京奥运会为现代奥林匹克运动奉献的具有中国特色的文化遗产.研究解读奥运舵手的文化内涵,论述奥运舵手喻示的意义:平民选手回归奥运赛场,体现平民化思想;增强赛艇项目的观赏性,激发民众的奥运热情;北京奥运会践行奥林匹克理念的具体体现;中国文化对奥林匹克文化的丰富与发展.     

奥林匹克思想与大学生价值取向

采用了文献资料、调查访问和对比分析方法,通过强化奥林匹克思想的教育和弘扬奥林匹克精神,针对当前大学生价值取向的主要特征及积极参与奥运、高度关注奥运和期待北京奥运的热情,从奥林匹克思想的教育性入手,探讨了奥林匹克思想对引导大学生价值取向的作用。     

人文奥运理念与奥运志愿精神

人文奥运理念与奥运志愿精神高度契合的思想基础是对于现代奥林匹克运动的思想体系的认同,二者都是对于奥林匹克主义、奥林匹克精神和奥林匹克宗旨的认同。北京奥运会要体现志愿服务的中国文化特色,体现人文奥运理念以人为本的追求,北京奥运会的志愿者要做实践现代文明风尚的先锋。北京奥运会志愿者项目要以人文奥运理念为指导,体现人文奥运基本内涵,弘扬奥运志愿精神,为北京奥运会提供扎实而深入的志愿服务,推动人文奥运总体目标的实现。     

论北京奥运会开闭幕式文化特征

北京奥运会开闭幕式成功运用中国文化符号阐释奥林匹克精神,展示了中华民族的辉煌历史与现代风貌,缶、鼓震天,中国韵味表演仪式展现奥林匹克文化魅力;从脚印到句号象征百年奥运梦圆;环飞鸽舞营造奥运和谐氛围;开始与告别燃烧奥林匹克激情;壮丽画卷讲述中国故事;和为贵叙述主题等.同时也体现了全球化特征.表现了在民族复兴进程中中西文化交汇融合、共同发展的和谐主题.     

奥林匹克精神永远高于金牌--论 2008北京奥运新闻传播理念

成功的奥运新闻传播,最根本取决于人,取决于使用和利用这些元素的人的素质、思想与传播理念。“奥林匹克精神高于金牌”的新闻传播理念应是2008北京奥运重要的传播理念之一。全球主义与奥林匹克精神的融合是现代国际社会发展的需要,中国现代化社会的发展需要奥林匹克精神的教育。弘扬奥林匹克精神是对现代性问题的思索和拯救,是新闻媒体的责任和义务。     

健全体育道德法规加强奥运文化建设

道德是社会控制系统中的一个组成部分。从奥林匹克历史发展来看,奥运道德历史的继承主要依靠宗教信仰的魅力,资产阶级绅士教育对现代奥运道德的影响较大,奥林匹克优秀选手榜样的道德示范作用也比较明显。加强奥林匹克运动道德教育与管理是非常必要的。中国奥运会应加强健全和执行相关的奥运法规,进一步完善中国特色的奥运道德内容,加强中国道德品牌的创建工作,强调文明纪律教育,净化奥运道德环境,形成中国特色的奥运道德理论与实践,促进中国奥运道德建设。     

试论奥林匹克运动的社会功能及人文价值

从社会功能、人文价值角度研究中国特色奥运的政治功能、文化融合功能、经济功能、奥运教育功能、奥运社会化功能、奥运科技功能和人文价值,为中国奥林匹克特色研究拓宽思路,为奥林匹克运动的发展服务。     

北京奥运文化遗产的内涵及实施方式

遗产主要是指自然或人类遗存给后人的有价值的产品.历届奥运会的举办都会给举办地留下各种各样的文化遗产,北京奥运文化遗产的内涵主要反映在实施"绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运"三大理念方面.北京实施奥运文化遗产的措施主要有广泛开展奥林匹克研究与教育、赛后充分利用奥运场馆、建立奥林匹克博物馆、建立奥林匹克碑林、建立奥林匹克学院等,从而真正实现奥林匹克文化扎根中国的目标.     

中国学校奥林匹克教育的特征分析

<正>一、前言自2001年申奥成功以后,奥林匹克教育给学校带来了发展契机。研究学校奥林匹克教育的特征,分析奥林匹克教育与学校教育的相互关系,对进一步开展好后奥运时期中国奥林匹克教育工作具有现实意义。二、特征分析1".符号性"特征     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.