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1.
木兰科分类系统的初步研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
刘玉壶 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):89-109
A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged
in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a
new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.
The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus
(Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.
The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and
distributional patterns as follows:
The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. mega-
phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central
China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast
India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the
Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi-
tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in
Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an-
thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few.
Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to
the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this
genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M.
flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center
of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern
Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China.
westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan
and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are
able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical
centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera.
Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan,
China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world. 相似文献
2.
中国毛茛科植物小志(廿二) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王文采 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1998,36(2):150-172
(1)揭示了铁线莲属以下演化趋势:萼片由开展到直立;雄蕊由无毛到有毛;雄蕊花丝由条形演
化到披针状条形或倒披针状条形;花药由长圆形演化到条形或狭条形;药隔不突出到在顶端突出;在雄
蕊被毛时,毛由少而短到多而长;此外花序由具花序梗和苞片到花序梗和苞片消失,以及由自当年生枝
叶腋生出转变到自老枝腋芽中生出。主要根据上述演化趋势,本文将我国铁线莲属各组及组下分类群做出新的排列。(2)描述了6新亚组,6新系,2新种,4新变种,给出了5新组合,4新等级和2新名。 相似文献
3.
在对竹亚科散生竹全面研究基础上,本文对酸竹属进行了系统的整理和研究,讨论了本属与相近属之间亲缘和区别。本文确认有6种,其中有1新组合和5个新异名。 相似文献
4.
潘锦堂 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(2):120-129
In this paper the classification of the genus Bergenia Moench is provided, its
geographic distribution analysed, and the phylogeny also traced. Based on an analysis of
morphological characters such as leaves, ocreas, branches of inflorescences, Pedicels, hypan-
thium, sepals, and glandular indumentum, thi genus is divided into 3 sections: 1. Sect. Scopu-
losae J. T. Pan, sect. nov., 2. Sect. Bergnia, 3. Sect. Ciliatae (A. Boriss.) J. T. Pan, stat. nov.
The Sect. Scopulosae J. T. Pan may be considered as the primitive one, while Sect. Ciliatae
(A. Boriss.) J. T. Pan may be regarded as the advanced one, with Sect. Bergenia in between.
So far, the genus Bergenia Moench comprises 9 species in the total. Southeast Asia and
North Asia (south and east Siberia, USSR) each have only 1 species, West Asia (Afghanis-
tan) has 2, Central Asia (Kirghizia-Tajikistan-Uzbekstan area, USSR) 3, South Asia 4 (Nepal
has 4, India, Pakistan and Kashmir area each has 3, Bhutan and Sikkim each has 2), East
Asia 6. In East Asia, Mongolia and Korea each have only 1 species, but China has 6 (includ-
ing endemic species 2 and new species 1). Sichuan Province and Xizang Autonomous Region
each have 3, Yunnan Province 2, Shaanxi Province (Qinling Mountains) and Uygur Autono-
mous Region of Xinjiang each have only 1.
Thus the distribution centre of this genus should be in the region covering Si-
chuan, Yunnan and Xizang. Moreover, it is noteworthy that Bergenia scopulosa T.
P. Wang in Sect. Scopulosae seems to have retained primitive characters, for exa-
mple, non-ciliate leaves and ocreas, glabrous pedicels, hypanthium and sepals, and
this primitive species is found in Qinling Mountains and Sichuan. According to the
distribution of the primitive species, the author suggests that the centre of origin of
this genus be in the region covering Qinling Mountains and Sichuan. 相似文献
5.
潘开玉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):429-442
Ten new species, three new varieties and a new section of the family Ge-
sneriaceae are described from China in the present paper. They are Tremacron urceolatum
K. Y. Pan from Muli of SW Sichuan, T. obliquifolium K. Y. Pan from Miyi and Yanyuan
of SW Sichuan, T. aurantiacum K. Y. Pan from Mabian and Pinshan of S Sichuan, lsometrum
Sect. Chorianthera W. T. Wang et K. Y. Pan (with I. eximium Chun as the section type),
Isometrum eximium Chun ex K. Y. Pan from Jiulong, Muli and Jinyang of SW Sichuan;
Ancylostemon mairei (Levl.) Craib var. emeiensis K. Y. Pan from Mt. Emei of Sichuan, A.
aureus (Franch.) Burtt var. angustifolius K. Y. Pan from Zhenkang of SW Yunnan, A. ga-
mosepalus K. Y. Pan from Hanyuan, Yanyuan and Yuexi of SW Sichuan, A. rhombifolius K.
Y. Pan from Meigu of SW Sichuan, A. ronganensis K. Y. Pan from Rong an of Guangxi;
Corallodiscus flabellatus) (Craib) Burtt var. puberulus K.Y. Pan from Zhongdian and Deqin
of NW Yunnan, Nanchuan of S Sichuan and Zayü of Xizang (Tibet), Beccarinda minima
K. Y. Pan from Jinxiu and Xiangzhou of Guangxi, Boeica stolonifera K. Y. Pan from Fang-
cheng, Shiwandashan, Pingnan and Dongxing of S Guangxi, B. multinervia K. Y. Pan from
Yingjiang of W Yunnan, and Paraboea barbatipes K. Y. Pan from Napo of W Guangxi and
Xichou of SE Yunnan. 相似文献
6.
潘开玉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):450-457
Ten new species, three new varieties and a new section of the family Ge-
sneriaceae are described from China in the present paper. They are Tremacron urceolatum
K. Y. Pan from Muli of SW Sichuan, T. obliquifolium K. Y. Pan from Miyi and Yanyuan
of SW Sichuan, T. aurantiacum K. Y. Pan from Mabian and Pinshan of S Sichuan, lsometrum
Sect. Chorianthera W. T. Wang et K. Y. Pan (with I. eximium Chun as the section type),
Isometrum eximium Chun ex K. Y. Pan from Jiulong, Muli and Jinyang of SW Sichuan;
Ancylostemon mairei (Levl.) Craib var. emeiensis K. Y. Pan from Mt. Emei of Sichuan, A.
aureus (Franch.) Burtt var. angustifolius K. Y. Pan from Zhenkang of SW Yunnan, A. ga-
mosepalus K. Y. Pan from Hanyuan, Yanyuan and Yuexi of SW Sichuan, A. rhombifolius K.
Y. Pan from Meigu of SW Sichuan, A. ronganensis K. Y. Pan from Rong an of Guangxi;
Corallodiscus flabellatus) (Craib) Burtt var. puberulus K.Y. Pan from Zhongdian and Deqin
of NW Yunnan, Nanchuan of S Sichuan and Zayü of Xizang (Tibet), Beccarinda minima
K. Y. Pan from Jinxiu and Xiangzhou of Guangxi, Boeica stolonifera K. Y. Pan from Fang-
cheng, Shiwandashan, Pingnan and Dongxing of S Guangxi, B. multinervia K. Y. Pan from
Yingjiang of W Yunnan, and Paraboea barbatipes K. Y. Pan from Napo of W Guangxi and
Xichou of SE Yunnan. 相似文献
7.
8.
eterachopsis was proposed by the senior author as an independent genus of
the family Aspleniaceae in 1940 with 2 species. Since then much study on its morpho-
logy, anatomy, gametophyte and palynology has been carried out by Nayar, Bir, Chan-
dra & Nayar and Chang et al., and they are of the opinion that the genus like Ceterach,
is a comparatively primitive element in the family Aspleniaceae. The queer zigzag pa-
tern of cutting of lanceolate fronds appears extraordinary in the family Aspleniaceae,
and also suggests its antiquity in evolution. So far only 3 species (C. dalhousiae, C.
paucivenosa and C. magnifica) are recognized, the former from W. Himalayas, also
known from Africa, while the latter two from W. S. China (Yunnan). However, in
the past forty years the Chinese botanists have discovered 2 more species as new in N.
W. Yunnan, thus bringing the total known species of the genus up to 5. The present
paper is a brief summary on the genus Ceterachopsis, which will be published in detail
in the Flora Sinica vol. 4.
Pteridologists are also divided in their views regarding the generic status of Cete-
rachopsis with 5 well-defined species in Yunnan and the East Himalayas. We prefer
to mintain it as a genus separate from Asplenium on account of its distinct morpholo-
gical features. It is to be hoped that more species may come to light in the mountainsin N. W. Yunnan through further exploration now under way. 相似文献
9.
the present paper is a meterial of the genus Hemsleya Cogn. for flora of
China-Cucurbitaceae.
The genus Hemsleya was established by C. A. Cogniaux in 1889. By 1982 about 7
species had been discovered in China, and most of them are mainly distributed in S. W.
China, particularly in Yunnan and Sichuan. Their tubers have been used as a folk
medicine for a long time. However, we began to search for them, and meanwhile collect
and cultivate them, only about ten years ago. After a general survey and taxonomical
study, 20 species of Hemsleya are recorded from Yunnan in the paper. Among them 18
species and 3 varieties are new. All the types are kept in Herb. KUN.
According to the characters, of corolla and fruit also the seed condition, widely or
narrowly winged, proposed are four sections, namely: Sect. I. Craciliflorae; Sect. II.
Amabiles; Sect. III. Carnosiflorae and Sect. IV. Hemsleya, among which 3 are new. 相似文献
10.