An algorithm for Pareto set reduction using fuzzy information on decision-maker’s preference relation

In the present paper, a model of the multicriteria choice is considered; the model includes a set of feasible variants, a numerical vector criterion, and the fuzzy binary preference relation of a decision maker. The problem of the multicriteria choice is to choose one “best” variant (or several best variants) from the Pareto set, i.e., to reduce this set using fuzzy information on the decision-maker’s preference relation. The reduction is performed in accordance with the axiomatic approach. An algorithm for the Pareto set reduction based on an arbitrary finite collection of “quanta” of fuzzy information on the decision-maker’s preference relation is presented.     

Linear scalarization in multi-criterion optimization

The well-known linear scalarization of criteria is considered from the point of the general model of multi-criterion choice, which includes a set of feasible alternatives and a vector criterion, as well as the preference relation of the decision maker. The focus of this paper is the correctness of the application of this method for solving multi-criterion problems. A class of problems is analyzed where the use of linear scalarization can be justified. Moreover, a combined approach is proposed for solving multi-criterion problems, which consists in prior reduction of the Pareto set based on information regarding the decision maker’s preference relation with subsequent extremization of the linear combination of the initial criteria on the reduced set.     

Reducing the Pareto set based on set-point information

An axiomatic approach to reducing the Pareto set in the problem of multicriteria choice based on an information set obtained from the decision maker is considered. The information reflects the degree up to which the decision maker is ready to lose values of one group of criteria to improve values of several other groups of criteria. It is proved that using this information one can eliminate a whole number of elements from the initial Pareto set, simplifying the subsequent choice.     

基于案例的科学前沿探测方法比较研究

选取1999-2010年期间Web of Science有关国际空间站的主题数据,分别使用Spss 17、Ucinet和CiteSpace Ⅱ等软件,采用基于高频词的因子分析法、基于高频词的战略坐标图法和基于CiteSpace突发词的图谱法等探测方法,对国际空间站前沿进行探测,并对比实验效果,发现因子分析可客观地探测热点主题,战略坐标图可确定热点中的潜在主题领域,CiteSpace则可直观地展示主题演变情况,而综合利用这三种方法可以更为全面地捕捉到国际空间站研究领域的前沿热点。     

The measurement of production efficiency in scientific journals through stochastic frontier analysis models: Application to quantitative economics journals

The importance of a scientific journal is usually established by considering the number of citations received by the papers that the journal publishes. In this way, the number of citations received by a scientific journal can be considered as a measure of the total production of the journal. In this paper, in order to obtain measures of the efficiency in the production process, the approach provided by stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is considered, and econometric models are proposed. These models estimate a frontier production, which is the maximum achievable number of citations to the journal based on its resources. The efficiency can then be measured by considering the difference between the actual production and the estimated frontier. This approach is applied to the measurement of the productive efficiency of the journals of the JCR social sciences edition database, which belong simultaneously to the areas of “economics” and “social sciences, mathematical methods”.     

信息资源配置的理论问题探讨

本文阐释了资源配置、帕累托最优、信息资源配置的概念与内涵,探讨了改进信息资源配置效率的条件和途径,进而系统地分析了信息生产、信息市场的有效性以及信息产业的政策目标和结构调整,从总体上构建了信息资源配置研究的理论框架。     

A social constructionist approach to crisis management: Allegations of sudden acceleration in the Audi 5000

Although most organizational crises begin with an objective triggering event, we maintain that public relations and management approaches (including introductory public relations textbooks), intentionally or not, often follow the positivistic temptation to treat the many components of crisis communication as objective choices, thus obscuring the distinctively communicative character of crises and their resolutions. Consequently, this monograph asserts that crises are dynamic, social constructions that are both created and resolved terminologically. This approach is rooted in the assumption that all perspectives of reality, from scientific discourse to crisis communication, are socially constructed through communication. The case of Audi, after its automobiles were alleged to suffer from “sudden acceleration,” is then used as an exemplar to illustrate the potential contributions that a social constructionist approach to communication offers crisis management researchers.     

图书馆馆藏资源配置的效率分析

运用西方经济学的“帕累托最优”和“帕累托改进”作为衡量馆藏资源配置效率的标准,对馆藏资源的建设、布局和揭示效率进行较系统的分析。认为在馆藏资源配置过程中,结合运用“集体选择”的方法能使馆藏资源配置实现“帕累托最优”或“帕累托改进”。     

网络医学信息检索的好帮手--评《网络医学信息检索与发布》

介绍并分析了李健康研究馆员等主编的《网络医学信息检索与发布》一书的内容和特点，进而作出客观的评价，认为该书立足前沿，定位准确，时代性强，科学适用，内容新颖，重点突出，理论联系实际，实践性强，最近年来网络信息检索方面一部实用且具有开拓创新性的佳作。     

基于帕累托定律的图书馆读者服务策略研究

帕累托定律已广泛应用于社会管理活动中,图书馆应用帕累托定律可有效改善馆藏资源结构,提高资源的利用率。论述了帕累托定律的基本内涵,探讨了基于帕累托定律的图书馆读者服务策略,使图书馆能以较少的投入获得较大的服务效益。     

Integrating medical communication skills with library skills curricula among first year medical students at the University of the West Indies,St. Augustine

A two-year study designed to integrate the medical communication skills and library skills curricula at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine is reported. Given that an integrated approach to curriculum development offers benefits to learners and staff. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of implementing this approach among Year 1 pre-clinical students in 1997 and 1998. Student performance on an essay question that integrated the application of students' knowledge of written communication and library skills in a final examination performance was assessed. Pre- and post-test results of students' library skills were compared within each year. anova analysis indicated that there was a significant increase in mean scores from pre-test to post-test which suggests that students performed better on a test of their knowledge and application of library skills after instruction, but the unavailability of a control group made this finding inconclusive. The findings are discussed in relation to practical and intellectual issues in curriculum integration. It is concluded that this type of curriculum integration is feasible, creates linkages in the curriculum and does not increase demand on student time.     

期刊全文数据库中的帕累托效应及其对图书馆资源建设的影响

通过对2007—2010年ScienceDirect数据库和中国期刊全文数据库的下载数据统计分析可知,两个期刊全文数据库中均存在帕累托效应,非母语文献期刊全文数据库表现出的帕累托效应更为明显,专业特色强的学校期刊全文数据库表现出的帕累托效应比综合性学校更为明显。期刊全文数据库中的帕累托效应有助于图书馆确定核心期刊,订购纸本期刊和电子期刊,优化区域联盟采购,有助于图书馆与院系划分经费分摊比例,发现参考咨询服务和读者培训的重点。     

论帕累托原则与布拉德福定律对馆藏建设的综合效用

在分析帕累托原则与布拉德福定律对文献情报和用户需求的组成结构、量化关系及变化规律的综合效用的基础上,提出多途径定量筛选学科重要研究主题、重要著者群、核心出版社等成分和多要素叠加分析的策略,综合考查文献出版、分布以及读者利用中的各种不确定因素,以科学地把握特色、重点与一般馆藏的有效收藏范围,为图书馆动态馆藏的合理维护提供科学依据。     

谈高校图书馆外文期刊资源建设中的帕累托改进

本文分析了帕累托改进的含义和高校图书馆外文期刊资源建设存在的问题。对高校图书馆外文期刊资源建设实现帕累托改进提出了切实可行的措施。     

区块链视域下公共图书馆数字版权交易平衡策略研究

为科学规制公共图书馆参与数字出版过程中长期存在的供需地位失衡、博弈机制失衡、版权流转失衡等矛盾,本文以区块链中的分布存储、共识机制、智能合约3类核心技术为基础,分析了旨在动态平衡公共图书馆参与数字出版版权利益博弈的可行思路,同时结合区块链各层级结构特点提出面向促进资源供需节点间地位平衡、达到版权收益帕累托最优、提高数字版权交易可靠性的实践策略,以期为公共图书馆参与数字出版过程中及时遏制侵权行为、保障版权交易利益相关者权益提供参考。     

新疆屯垦戍边历史文献收藏与开发研究

通过对屯垦戍边文献的收藏与开发研究现状的分析,总结屯垦戍边文献研究取得的成果,并提出今后的发展设想。     

2001-2014年引文分析领域发展演化综述

[目的/意义]为了解引文分析领域的发展状况,以领域知识载体之一--期刊文献为研究对象,通过知识单元特征描述和知识单元聚类层次结构,发现该领域知识发展的脉络和演进轨迹。[方法/过程]选择2001-2014年汤森路透Web of Science平台结构化的二次文献信息1 166条作为数据源,以信息计量学作为理论基础,利用统计分析、信息计量和分析复杂引文网络的社会网络分析方法,借鉴数据挖掘算法和处理工具技术,描述领域知识体系的特征。[结果/结论]从宏观与微观两个维度,以静态和动态两种方式,利用知识基础与研究前沿的时变对应,通过理论与实践的统一,准确地描述引文分析领域发展的宏观层次结构特征和微观节点属性、静态分布特征和动态演化规律、奠基性的基础理论和突破性的研究前沿。     

Characteristic scores and scales: A bibliometric analysis of subject characteristics based on long-term citation observation

In an earlier paper by Glänzel and Schubert [Glänzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1988a). Characteristic scores and scales in assessing citation impact. Journal of Information Science, 14(2), 123–127; Glänzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1988b). Theoretical and empirical studies of the tail of scientometric distributions. In L. Egghe, & R. Rousseau (Eds.), Informetrics: Vols. 87/88, (pp. 75–83). Elsevier Science Publisher B.V.], a method for classifying ranked observations into self-adjusting categories was developed. This parameter-free method, which was called method of characteristic scores and scales, is independent of any particular bibliometric law. The objective of the present study is twofold. In the theoretical part, the analysis of its properties for the general form of the Pareto distribution will be extended and deepened; in the empirical part the citation history of individual scientific disciplines will be studied. The chosen citation window of 21 years makes it possible to analyse dynamic aspects of the method, and proves sufficiently large to also obtain stable patterns for each of the disciplines. The theoretical findings are supplemented by regularities derived from the long-term observations.     

Benchmarking local public libraries using non-parametric frontier methods: A case study of Flanders

Being faced with significant budget cuts and continual pressure to do more with less, issues of efficiency and effectiveness became a priority for local governments in most countries. In this context, benchmarking is widely acknowledged as a powerful tool for local performance management and for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of local service delivery. Performance benchmarking exercises are regularly carried out using ratio analysis, by comparing single indicators. Since this approach offers only limited assessments in absolute terms, it is difficult for decision-makers to track and improve overall performance. Therefore, the use of non-parametric frontier methods, namely free disposal hull (FDH) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is presented as an alternative technique for benchmarking the performance of organizations in relative terms. The potential applications and strengths of these non-parametric frontier methods for benchmarking the efficiency of local public services are highlighted by applying FDH and DEA techniques to the local public libraries in Flanders. Incorporating all possible paths of expansion – both in space and in time – enables a focus on sustainability within efficiency benchmarking.     

我国公共借阅权学术研究的可视化分析

论文以科学知识图谱为信息研究呈现方式,通过对CSSCI数据库检索的有关公共借阅权的全部学术论文从时间序列分布、关键词数量、研究力集群、引文信息、重要学术文献分布和热点前沿等方面进行可视化分析,探究支撑当前公共借阅权发展的重点学术分布,揭示国内业界公共借阅权研究的动态演进历程、研究现状及热点。