土木工程结构减震控制技术的研究动态

对土木工程结构减震控制方法进行了综述.阐述了结构控制发展历程、结构控制原理、结构控制方法(被动控制、主动控制、半主动控制、混合控制和智能控制)与应用研究概况,指出结构控制中存在的问题及解决办法,介绍了结构控制研究的热点benchmark问题.     

Active control of structural vibration by piezoelectric stack actuators

INTRODUCTION Passive methods have played an important role for a long time (Snowdon, 1973; Nelson, 1982; Pan et al., 1992) in vibration and noise control. However, with inrush of some novel engineering structures and machines, such as super high-speed machine tools, long-span bridges, thin shell structures, micro elec- tromechanical systems and so on, traditional passive control approaches are not efficient enough for con- trolling structure noise and vibration from these novel systems an…     

核独立分量分析在结构振动信号降噪中的应用

降噪处理是分析结构振动信号、提取特征参数、研究损伤识别方法的基础,核独立分量分析(KICA)采用的核方法为结构振动信号的降噪处理提供了新的方法;通过对比KICA与其他算法降噪后信号的HHT边际谱,验证了KICA对低阻尼钢框架结构标准损伤模型降噪的优良性能,特别是提高了对结构安全至关重要的低频振动部分的能量估计的准确度。     

Combined deformation of filament-wound cylinder and application to torsion vibration control

The combined deformation and mechanical propetries of filament-wound cylinder of filament reinforced composite materials are investigated.A method of using filament-winding composited to reduce the amplitude of torsion vibration in the case of special stimulated vibration is established.A design formula of anisotropic filament-wound cylinder to reduce the torsion vibration of axle components is obtained.The results indicate that by puting the filament-wound cylinder on an axis,the torsion vibration of the axis can be reduced effectively.     

Simulation, experimental evaluation and performance improvement of a cone dielectric elastomer actuator

Dielectric elastomer actuators （DEAs） are an emerging class of polymer actuation devices and have extensive application prospect in the field of robotics because of their light weight, high efficiency and large deformation. A cone DEA is manufactured and its working principle is analyzed. To obtain the deformation of elastomer and movement of DEA in advance, a finite element method （FEM） simulation is performed first. According to the working principle, two working equilibrium points of DEA, corresponding to the displacements of DEA with voltage off and on, are obtained and validated by experiments, thus work output in a workcycle is computed. Experiments show that the actuator can respond quickly when voltage is applied and can return to its original position rapidly when voltage is released. Simulation results agree well with experimental ones and the feasibility of DEA simulation is proved, and causes for the small difference between them in displacement output are analyzed. The performance of the actuator is improved from the aspects of both displacement and force output. A diamond four-bar linkage mechanism is used as the preload part and a displacement output of 17 mm is obtained. The force output of one actuating unit is about 1.77 N, so three actuating units are assembled in parallel and the force output is heightened to as high as 5.07 N.     

基于介电弹性体和形状记忆聚合物的多稳态抓取结构研究

介电弹性体是一种典型的智能软材料,具有高的介电常数,且具有重量轻、韧性好、形变大、高弹性能密度以及机电效率高等诸多优点.由介电弹性体制作而成的智能驱动器是通过具有柔性电极的弹性体在电场作用下产生的应变响应进行驱动变形的,在软体机器人、航空航天等许多方面展现出潜在的应用价值.然而,利用介电弹性体制备的抓取结构驱动力较小,将介电弹性体和形状记忆聚合物的变刚度特性相结合,可增加抓取结构的驱动力,并且在抓取和释放过程中无需持续通电即可固定形状.利用介电弹性体的电致变形特性和形状记忆聚合物的形状记忆及变刚度特性,设计了一种智能多稳态抓取结构.建立了驱动器的理论模型,确定结构参数,基于有限元软件对驱动结构的弯曲和恢复过程进行数值模拟,并对其进行弯曲和恢复试验,测试出恢复角度,基于理论和仿真对驱动器结构进行优化设计,基于优化后的驱动器制备了多稳态抓取结构,测试了抓取结构的性能.     

Mechanics of dielectric elastomers: materials,structures, and devices

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) respond to applied electric voltage with a surprisingly large deformation, showing a promising capability to generate actuation in mimicking natural muscles. A theoretical foundation of the mechanics of DEs is of crucial importance in designing DE-based structures and devices. In this review, we survey some recent theoretical and numerical efforts in exploring several aspects of electroactive materials, with emphases on the governing equations of electromechanical coupling, constitutive laws, viscoelastic behaviors, electromechanical instability as well as actuation applications. An overview of analytical models is provided based on the representative approach of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, with computational analyses being required in more generalized situations such as irregular shape, complex configuration, and time-dependent deformation. Theoretical efforts have been devoted to enhancing the working limits of DE actuators by avoiding electromechanical instability as well as electric breakdown, and pre-strains are shown to effectively avoid the two failure modes. These studies lay a solid foundation to facilitate the use of DE materials, structures, and devices in a wide range of applications such as biomedical devices, adaptive systems, robotics, energy harvesting, etc.     

随机结构动力学及其进展

简述了随机结构动力学的发展历程，给出了日益复杂的随机结构动力学问题的解析方法，并以实例说明随机结构动力学在土木和航空工程中的应用。讨论了工程结构的各种随机损伤，包括运动失稳、首通问题和疲劳损伤。     

玉米田昆虫群落结构及动态分析

对玉米田昆虫群落进行了系统调查,通过从群落生态学的角度进行分析,运用群落的重要指标相对多度、物种丰富度（S）、优势度（d）、多样性指数（H~1）、生态优势度（C）进行分析研究,基本探清了玉米田昆虫群落的组成及其变动情况.经调查得知玉米田昆虫群落由31个种组成,分属于11个目、22个科.昆虫数量由大到小依次为鳞翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、直翅目、双翅目、同翅目、脉翅目、膜翅目、缨翅目、蜘蛛目、蜱螨目.在整个调查期间都处于优势地位的是玉米蚜Rhopalcsiphum maidis、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis和七星瓢虫Coccinellaseptempunctata.根据玉米田昆虫群落的组成与结构、发生发展特点,为农业生产提供指导,便于合理安排农业生产和进行农业害虫防治.     

小波分析及其在轴承振动诊断中的应用

在轴承振动测试中,经常需要对系统反馈的信号进行分析,以判断轴承的故障,但反馈信号往往带有较大的噪声,这给故障信号提取带来困难,而且故障信号多是突变信号,传统的Fourier分析由于在时域不能局部化,难以检测到突变信号,故采用可在时频能局部化的小波分析,利用它时窗和频窗宽度可调节以及多尺度分析等优点,在轴承故障诊断中获得良好效果.现介绍小波理论分析和基小波的选取,为小波分析打下理论基础,并提供小波分析方法.     

ADAMS在重载汽车驾驶室振动分析和结构评价中的应用

在静态加载的情况下可测得重型卡车驾驶室的载荷分布,测试目的是减少驾驶室的振动。在初步模拟时,使用ADAMAS振动模块的模型,结果显示地板的振动与其前横梁的刚度密切相关。利用有限单元法进行加载受力分析结果显示:载荷分布在前横梁有一定的不连续性和不均匀性,振动降低了前横梁的刚度。     

高阶振型振动实验装置研制与教学应用

针对振动学相关课程中高阶振动实验装置偏少,学生对高阶振型和固有频率难以理解等问题,设计并制作了一种用于教学的高阶振型振动实验装置。该装置通过基于柔度法编写的Matlab程序、基于锤击法的自由振动实验以及以激振器作为激励振源的受迫振动实验,实现了对高阶振动的固有频率和振型的理论计算和实验测试,通过频闪仪可以直观地观察到各阶频率的振型。实验测得的各阶频率与相应的理论值的最大相对误差分别为6.88%、5.40%和2.01%。该装置已在教学中得到应用,并收到了良好的效果。     

Multisim在电工电子课程教学中的典型应用

针对高等院校实验仪器资源短缺,无法满足实验教学需求的现状,特别是电工电子课程难度大,学生不容易掌握等特点,提出了基于Multisim的实验系统的实验教学方式。实践证明,该系统不仅有助于提高学生学习的积极性,还能培养学生的创新意识。     

On modal energy in civil structural control

A new control strategy based on modal energy criterion is proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control system in reducing structural earthquake responses. The modal control algorithm combining LQR （linear quadratic regulator） control algorithm is adopted in the discrete time-history analysis. The various modal energy forms are derived by definition of the generalized absolute displacement vector. A preliminary numerical study of the effectiveness of this control strategy is carried out on a 20-storey framed steel structural model. The controlled performance of the model is studied from the perspectives of both response and modal energy. Results show that the modal energy-based control strategy is very effective in reducing structural responses as well as in consuming a large amount of modal energy, while augmentation of additional generalized control force corresponding to the modes that contain little modal energy is unnecessary, as it does little help to improve the controlled structural performance.     

噪声与振动控制课程教学思考及教改探讨

基于噪声与振动控制课程的特点,分析教学中存在的问题。通过对教学内容的优化整合,将课程知识点与学科发展史、工程案例有机融合,激发了学生学习兴趣,开阔了视野;摒弃了传统的以理论讲解为主的教学方式,采用多种教学手段,加深了学生对知识点的理解;丰富了作业形式,多方位锻炼了学生思维;改革考核机制,切实考察了学生能力。     

Noise-induced cooperative dynamics and its control in coupled electrochemical models

We have investigated the feedback control of the cooperative dynamics of two coupled electrochemical oscillators that is induced merely by external noise. The interacting electrochemical cells are modeled with parameter values at which no autonomous oscillations occur, and each unit is forced by its own source of random fluctuations. Application of delayed feedback to only one of two subsystems is shown to be able to change the coherence and time scales of noise-induced oscillations either in the given subsystem or globally. It can also induce or suppress stochastic resonance under the certain conditions.     

基于Matlab软件的微振动理论及其应用

介绍了Matlab软件在求解复杂理论物理问题中的应用.根据分析力学中的微振动理论,通过类比分析,得到一维单原子链系统经典方程的解和色散关系式.用算符代替力学量,简正坐标代替一般坐标,得到一维单原子链系统无交叉项的量子化方程和总能量表达式.实验结果分析得到双原子分子振动系统的能量和能级关系式.利用Matlab软件,求出微振动系统耦合方程组的解并实现解的可视化;展示一维单原子链振动系统色散关系的3-D图像;绘制双原子分子振动系统能级与能量的关系曲线.     

压缩机振动与辐射低噪声结构分析

针对某往复压缩机噪声偏高问题,采用虚拟预测技术对压缩机进行了低噪声结构分析研究.首先建立了由柔性机体、柔性曲轴和刚性连杆、活塞及飞轮组成的往复压缩机的多体动力学模型.通过动力学仿真求解得到传递给机体的各种激励载荷,再根据直接积分法法求解出压缩机机体的振动响应结果,仿真得到的机体部分测点结果与实验结果吻合较好.最后根据有限元动态结果来预测其机体表面辐射噪声,计算出机体的辐射声功率与实测结果相一致.     

Track-position and vibration control simulation for strut of the Stewart platform

Vibrations inherently generated by on-board disturbance sources degrade the performance of the instruments in an on-orbit spacecraft, which have stringent accuracy requirements. The Stewart platform enables both track-positioning and vibration control. The strut of the Stewart platform is designed as a piezoelectric (PZT) element in series with a voice coil motor (VCM) element and a viscoelastic element. The track-positioning system uses a VCM as the main positioning control driver and a PZT as the positioning compensator. The vibration control system uses the characteristics of struts including active and passive control elements to attenuate the vibration. Simulation results indicate that the Stewart platform with the designed struts has good performance in tracking and vibration attenuation with different interference waves.