一种两自由度的压电-电磁复合能量收集器

研究目的：对一种两自由度的压电-电磁复合能量收集器进行发电性能研究。创新要点：建立了一种两自由度压电-电磁复合能量收集器发电性能的数学模型,该数学模型可以评估两自由度压电-电磁复合能量收集器中压电元件、电磁元件以及系统总输出功率。研究方法：对一种两自由度的压电-电磁复合能量收集器进行数学建模,并实验验证数学模型的正确性。基于实验测试得到的系统参数值,理论研究压电元件和电磁元件的机电耦合系数对不同能量收集器发电性能的影响关系,并对几种能量收集器的发电能力进行对比分析。重要结论：对于非强耦合（弱或中间耦合）的两自由度机电转换器,复合能量收集器（压电＋电磁）具有比单一能量收集器（压电或电磁）更高的发电能力。     

基于压电悬臂梁的振动能量获取装置的建模及数值仿真

振动能是自然环境中广泛存在的一种能量,振动式发电机可将其提取并转换为可直接利用的电能。设计了一种用于收集环境中低频振动能的三质量块压电悬臂梁装置,利用压电薄膜的正压电效应将机械能转化成电能。建立悬臂梁的数学模型,用ANSYS软件建立悬臂梁的仿真模型,然后对其进行模态分析,耦合分析,谐响应分析并绘制出压电振子的频率-电压曲线图。研究结果表明该悬臂梁产生的电压可以满足无线传感器节点的使用要求,且优于单质量块悬臂梁。     

A variational energy approach for electromechanical analysis of thick piezoelectric beam

INTRODUCTION Piezoelectricity is an electromechanical phe- nomenon which couples elasticity and electricity through the existence of pressure induced electrical field or electric induced stress field. The piezoelectric materials are usually surface bonded in patches or fully embedded in the host structure, so that the structure becomes a laminated piezoelectric beam. Tzou and Gadre (1989), Lee (1990), Crawly and Lazarus (1991) developed laminated plate models incorporating the piezoelect…     

P(EA-MAn-APTES)/二氧化硅有机无机杂化材料的合成和表征

采用γ氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 (APTES)作为偶联剂,以丙烯酸乙酯(EA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAn)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,通过自由基溶液聚合和溶胶凝胶过程制得了P(EA-MAn-APTES)/二氧化硅有机无机杂化材料,其中TEOS的质量分数从0变化至25%.利用傅立叶红外(FT-IR)光谱、溶胶抽取、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)性能测试装置对材料的结构、凝胶含量、表面形貌、粒子大小和热性能进行了表征.结果表明:有机相与无机相之间是以共价键结合的,杂化材料中凝胶的含量较高,聚合物基体中SiO2是纳米复合的,具有较好的分散性和热稳定性.     

THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF TRAVELLING WAVE TYPE ULTRASONIC MOTOR

从压电振子的等效电路出发，得到了行波型超声波电动机定子环乃至整个电动机的等效电路．分别对电机控制系统各组成部分进行了分析，并利用电机等效电路达到简化控制系统的目的．实验对研究结果进行了验证．     

基于ANSYS的压电换能器有效机电耦合系数的仿真分析

研究了双层压电悬臂梁的工作原理及其有效机电耦合系数,借助ANSYS软件并选用Solid5（压电材料）,Solid45（中间金属层）,Circu94（电阻）3种元素类型建立压电换能器的有限元模型,通过谐振仿真分别求出压电装置的短路和开路谐振频率,得到其有效机电耦合系数．仿真结果表明,压电装置的有效机电耦合系数要小于压电材料的耦合系数,且与理论计算结果基本一致,仿真方法可有效地评价压电换能器的工作性能,并为后续实验提供理论指导．     

Mg—Sc合金的价电子结构分析

添加稀土元素Sc,可以显著提高镁合金的力学性能,特别是高温力学性能,通过余氏固体与分子经验价电子结构理论（EET）对Mg-Sc合金进行了价电子结构计算及分析,计算结果显示纯金属晶体Mg处于原子杂化态第三阶,Sc处于原子杂化态第五阶,Sc在镁基体中强化键能,有较强的固溶强化作用,Mg—Sc相可显著提高Mg合金的强度和高温抗蠕变性能,有效细化镁晶粒。     

An energy harvester combining a piezoelectric cantilever and a single degree of freedom elastic system

This paper presents a type of vibration energy harvester combining a piezoelectric cantilever and a single degree of freedom (SDOF) elastic system. The main function of the additional SDOF elastic system is to magnify vibration displacement of the piezoelectric cantilever to improve the power output. A mathematical model of the energy harvester is developed based on Hamilton??s principle and Rayleigh-Ritz method. Furthermore, the effects of the structural parameters of the SDOF elastic system on the electromechanical outputs of the energy harvester are analyzed numerically. The accuracy of the output performance in the numerical solution is identified from the finite element method (FEM). A good agreement is found between the numerical results and FEM results. The results show that the power output can be increased and the frequency bandwidth can be improved when the SDOF elastic system has a larger lumped mass and a smaller damping ratio. The numerical results also indicate that a matching load resistance under the short circuit resonance condition can obtain a higher current output, and so is more suitable for application to the piezoelectric energy harvester.     

携表面割痕的压电陶瓷柱体裂纹前缘奇异行为

研究了同时处于机械与电学载荷之下的压电陶瓷柱体表面裂纹前缘的应力场和电位移场。求得了应力及电位移的奇异性阶数和相应的两个强度因子。     

Virtual internal thermal work evaluation in the multifield variational statements for the analysis of multilayered structures

The principle of virtual displacements (PVDs) extended to elasto-thermo-electric problems includes virtual internal elastic, thermal and electric works. The governing equations have displacement vector, temperature and electric potential as primary variables of the problem, and the elasto-thermal, elasto-electric and pure elastic problems are obtained as particular cases by deleting the appropriate contributions in the general elasto-thermo-electric variational statement. The most sensitive issue is given by thermal coupling because the thermo-elastic and thermo-electric effects change depending on the type of load and analysis considered (mechanical load, temperature or electric potential imposed and free vibration analysis). This feature means that the form of the virtual internal thermal work in such variational statements changes depending on the analysis performed and the load applied. Results about multilayered plates and shells suggest the appropriate extension of the variational statement for each analysis, and they give an exhaustive explanation for several forms of the PVD proposed.     

硅烷偶联剂对EPDM/PP/SiO_2共混物性能的影响

采用熔体流动速率仪、万能材料试验机和热变形温度测定仪考察硅烷偶联剂对EPDM/PP/SiO2共混物性能的影响.结果表明,加入偶联剂改性的白炭黑,熔体流动速率和热变形温度提高且起到补强的作用;在相同用量下,偶联剂Si-69比偶联剂KH-570对EPDM/PP/SiO2共混物具有更好的偶联效果.     

有限温度下电容和电感耦合电路中量子涨落的时间演化

For time-dependent inductive-capacitive coupled circuits,the quantum fluctuations in the component circuits and the coupling part are computed.Generation of squeezing and the different effects of inductance and capacitance couplings on the quantum fluctuations are rigorously given,Meanwhile,the thermal effects are included.     

环境温度对多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型制备的原子与单模腔场纠缠态的影响

借助于共生纠缠度方法 ,考察了共振的多光子Jaynes-Cummings模型的热纠缠态现象 .研究结果表明 :原子与单模腔场形成纠缠态的纠缠度随环境温度升高而急剧地减小 ,但在该Jaynes -Cummings模型中存在产生热纠缠态的临界温度 ,当环境温度超过这一温度值时 ,原子与腔场的纠缠态消失 .同时也表明 ,临界温度仅由原子与腔肠的耦合强度和原子跃迁时发射或吸收光子数决定 .因此 ,选择强耦合的原子与腔场量子系统可以在较高环境温度下实现原子与腔场的纠缠态并保持它 .     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池与斯特林热机耦合系统的性能优化分析

建立一个主要由熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（MCFC）和斯特林热机组成的新型耦合系统,其中斯特林热机是由在MCFC中产生的高品质废热驱动的。基于电化学和非平衡热力学,考虑各种不可逆损失的影响得到了耦合动力系统的效率和功率输出的解析表达式。研究表明,MCFC的性能可以通过耦合斯特林热机以进一步将废热转化为电输出而大幅度提高。此外,采用数值计算,不仅分析了多个不可逆损失对耦合系统性能的影响,并且还讨论了一些工作条件比如工作温度、输入气体组合以及工作压强对耦合系统性能响。     

Experimental Investigation and Modelling for the Optimisation of Conduction Cooled HTS Hybrid Current Leads for SMES

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Removal of aqueous phenol compound by vacuum membrane distillation

1.IntroductionPhenolisanimportantchemicalindustrymaterial,butitalsoaboundswithserioushazardtoenvironmentandthreatstohumanhealth.Rigidruleshavebeenmadeoutonthephenoldischargeconcentration.Researchesonthetreatmentofphenolwastewaterwerecarriedoutinvariouscountries[1-5].Membraneseparationmethodsincludingreverseosmosis,ultrafiltrationandpervaporationhaveattractedmuchattentionforphenolwastewatertreatment,withcelluloseacetate(CA)membraneemployedmostly[6].Membranedistillationisanewmembraneseparation…     

A new energy harvester using a piezoelectric and suspension electromagnetic mechanism

This study presents a new design of a piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester to enlarge the frequency bandwidth and obtain a larger energy output. This harvester consists of a primary piezoelectric energy harvesting device, in which a suspension electromagnetic component is added. A coupling mathematical model of the two independent energy harvesting techniques was established. Numerical results show that the piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester has three times the bandwidth and higher power output in comparison with the corresponding stand-alone, single harvesting mode devices. The finite element models of the piezoelectric and electromagnetic systems were developed, respectively. A finite element analysis was performed. Experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the numerical simulation and the finite element results. It shows that the power output and the peak frequency obtained from the numerical analysis and the finite element simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. This study provides a promising method to broaden the frequency bandwidth and in- crease the energy harvesting power output for energy harvesters.     

4A分子筛对PP/IFR体系性能的影响

研究4A分子筛对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯复合材料力学性能、吸潮性能和热降解性能的影响。结果表明:添加少量的4A分子筛对膨胀阻燃聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能影响不大;阻燃剂的加入对吸潮率有一定的升高;TGA分析结果表明:无论在氮气还是空气气氛下,4A分子筛均改变了PP/IFR的热降解行为,促使PP/IFR在高温阶段加快分解,但在后期能形成更多的炭层,并在残炭中保留更多的磷。     

径向模式振动的压电变压器特性

径向模式振动的压电变压器是由硬的压电材料建成,具有较高的机械品质因数Qm,它是沿厚度方向极化。首先根据压电变压器等效电路模型图建立压电变压器的动力学模型,根据各个负载电阻,测定的电压升压比,输出功率,效率方面的电性能,得出电压升压比与负载电阻成比例地增大,之后对不同厚度的压电变压器进行Comsol仿真,对比得出最优的压电变压器。后通过MATLAB仿真得出电阻最佳时,效率达到最大可以达到90%,升压比为1.5,对这些结果进行比较,从等效电路的分析计算,得出他们有很高的效率和稳定性,可以解决原有卫星推进器效率低、不稳定的状况。     

烧结温度对0.68Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.32PbTiO3陶瓷电学性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了准同型相界处的0.68Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.32PbTiO3陶瓷,探索了其最佳预烧温度,并研究了不同烧结温度下制备的陶瓷样品的微观形貌、致密度、铁电、压电性能.结果表明,样品的致密度和剩余极化随着烧结温度的升高而略有升高,矫顽电场随着烧结温度的升高而降低.烧结温度对样品的压电性能具有非常大的影响.1 200℃烧结的样品具有非常良好的压电性能：压电常数d33～560 pC/N,厚度振动机电耦合系数kt～54.0%,径向振动机电耦合系数kp～30.4%.