中国教育社会学的发端——一种知识社会学的视角

中国教育社会学学科产生于上个世纪20年代,但是未得到应有的重视。学科发展有自身学术逻辑,学科的反省是必要的。从知识社会学视角来回顾这段学科发展历史,就会发现除却社会、学术的独特背景之外,参与主体的特质以及其产生的历史作用也得以突显。从教育社会学产生的运命、译介与中国化并行的研究特点、研究者群体所具有的多元知识视野与丰富教育实践的特质、教育社会学发端的开拓与奠基之功分析新生伊始的中国教育社会学,以期对当今教育学学科的发展提供反思的参照。     

The educational imagination and the sociology of education in Australia

A remarkable feature of the sociology of education is its proliferation under a broad gamut of research themes and topics. Understanding the relationship of education to social reproduction and social change are pivotal to the sociology of education, and have fruitfully informed research in fields such as gender and education, vocational education and lifelong learning, policy sociology in education, cultural sociology of education, literacy, social justice and education, globalisation and education. Tracking the historical trajectory of the sociology of education in Australia, this article underlines the productivity of educational research and methodological advances in the fields of gender, literacy, and policy. It also points to the failure of the sociology of education and educational research to engage with the education system’s complicity in reproducing Indigenous and ethnic disadvantage. I argue for an sociology of education along lines envisaged by Emile Durkheim who recognised the importance of understanding education systems past and present, so that educators might comprehend the relationship of education to social change. New theories, methodologies and fields of education play an important role in informing understandings of contemporary education. However, if education and educational research are to inform social futures, they require an educational imagination able to account for achievements and deficiencies; an educational imagination able to undertake theoretical deliberations about the social and material conditions, struggles and occlusions that have and continue to constitute the purpose and practice of education.     

谈职业教育社会学学科体系的构建

本通过对我国职业教育理论与实际问题的分析与透视,梳理了近20年来我国职业教育发展的历程和基础,提出建立职业教育社会学,用社会的观点和方法解决职业教育问题的路径。并对职业教育社会学学科体系构建的理论基础、现实条件、研究对象、理论体系等进行了分析。这不仅是对社会学理论的丰富和发展,而且是职业教育理论研究与实践探索的创新和拓展。     

Observant participant: carnal sociology and researcher identity in religious educational spaces

The ethnographer’s embodied action during research is a complex of habit, belief, social and institutional positioning, and intention. This article examines what urban anthropologist Wacqaunt calls ‘carnal sociology’ and considers its implications for ethnographers of religious educational spaces. Contemporary ethnographers of education have renewed their interest in religious educational spaces—religious schools, houses of worship, public festivals. In conducting research in the field of religious education, ethnographers often cross familiar and unfamiliar boundaries, engaging in forms of participant observation and practice beyond their own religious categories: we research in religious spaces and with religious communities different from our own commitments. Drawing on interactional data from a multi-year ethnography of an urban Catholic school and parish in Philadelphia (USA), I consider how my own embodied participation in the religious rituals of the school and parish led to a reflexivity on practice, and initiated institutional and youth-driven social positioning in response.     

Current educational technology research trends in Japan

To examine trends in educational practice research, this article conducted a survey and analysis of factors affecting the review of research papers in the field of the educational technology in Japan. Two factors, namely, practical orientation and theoretical orientation, were extracted from 63 survey responses, and scores from members of a Japanese academic society were compared with the scores of its editorial board. Results show that the two factor scores were not correlated to each other, and they are independent measures for any evaluation or review of research articles. Also, there was no significant difference between society members and editorial board members, i.e., their preferences when reviewing research papers were identical. For the second part of this study, a group composed of anonymous members of an editorial board conducted a paper review of 12 published “practical papers” and 11 published “general papers.” Results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two categories. The final rating scores of these 23 papers were analyzed using a decision-tree rating model. Results also indicated that for publication, papers need to contribute to theoretical research, in addition to contributing to basic educational practice research in educational technology.     

Trends in the crowdfunding of educational technology startups

This article presents an analysis of active crowdfunding campaigns posted on ten crowdfunding platforms in May 2013 to provide a glimpse of the recent trends in the crowdfunding of educational technology startups. We describe the characteristics of the most successful crowdfunding campaigns in educational technology and identify the most popular crowdfunding platforms. This research provides important implications for educational technology entrepreneurs. Top performing educational technology fund raisers tend to a) request a modest but reasonable amount for each phase of the project, b) focus on the informal, out-of-school, rather than formal contexts of learning, c) attract supporters with a tiered system of rewards, and d) communicate with supporters and inform the public of the status of the project through periodic updates and progress reports. Directions for future research include conducting an in-depth content analysis of archived data and exploring the perspectives of successful educational technology entrepreneurs using qualitative interviews.     

从法社会学视角分析如何实现教育公平

当前，平等接受教育已经成为公民的基本人权。因此，我们必须通过立法和法律实施等活动，调整不同教育利益关系，均衡教育利益，整合教育资源，维护教育秩序；把公平正义的价值观念贯穿到立法的全过程，依法严格执行相关的法律和国家政策，健全落实责任制，加强监督，保证法律的正确实施，从而逐步实现和维护教育公平。     

20世纪中国大陆教育社会学的回顾

20世纪的中国教育社会学分为三个阶段：孕育创建期(20世纪初一1949年)，停滞沉沦期(1949——1979年)和重建发展期(1979——2000年)。从制度化的视角回顾三个阶段的教育社会学发展，对21世纪的教育社会学发展将会有所助益。     

日本义务教育改革新动向——日本中央教育审议会2005年咨询报告的主旨及其启示

2005年10月26日,日本中央教育审议会发表了题为《创造新时代的义务教育》的咨询报告。这是自2002年实施新课程计划和《学习指导要领》以来的一份表明官方改革意向的文件。该咨询报告凝聚着日本众多学者和专家的见解,集中反映了日本教育决策机构对义务教育发展方向和策略的思考,不仅有助于我们了解日本义务教育改革发展动向,而且其中很多观点对于我们探讨我国基础教育改革与发展的问题,研究我国义务教育课程改革与实验的问题都有一定的启示。一报告分为总论和分论两大部分。总论包括:①义务教育的目的和理念;②新义务教育的面貌;③义务教育的…     

Critical policy sociology: key underlying assumptions and their implications for educational policy research

In recent decades, educational policy researchers have considered critical policy sociology, mostly known as ‘policy sociology’, as a useful research methodology for analysing educational policies. However, despite its increasing popularity, policy sociology has been a confusing concept hence it is often used interchangeably with other terms such as policy analysis. In the main, there is a dearth of literature outlining its key underlying assumptions and how this methodology helps policy researchers to analyse social, political and economic issues related to educational policy. By reviewing current body of literature in the field, this paper identifies policy sociology as one of the four major traditions in the policy analysis field. The paper presents six key underlying assumptions of policy sociology – value based study, political study, historical study, multidisciplinary study, assemblage study, and discourse study – and discusses how researchers have used policy sociology as a research methodology for analysing educational policies.     

中日教师教育课程比较研究

日本是世界上教师教育最成功的国家之一。日本教师教育的成功在很大程度上依靠科学合理的课程设置。与日本的教师教育相比，中国教师教育课程范围需要拓展，教育课程比重需要加大，教育课程的内容需要体现教师教育的时代特点和发展趋势。     

Lifelong education in Japan,a highly school-centred society: educational opportunities and practical educational activities for adults

In Japan the use of the term lifelong education has become widespread throughout the 1990s and is central to educational policies, which actively tackle crucial subjects that take place in a wide area of education in a drastically changing contemporary society. This paper examines in detail the present situation of the development of lifelong education, in particular concerning adults, relating to the traditional ideas and systems on education called a highly school-centred society. These traditional ideas and systems, even today in Japan, have still functioned to greatly value school credentials and disturb the widening of the participation of adults in lifelong education, nevertheless adults have stood in need of continuously studying up-to-date knowledge and skills in a wide range of areas and at a different level throughout their working lives.