Creativity and knowledge creation practices in the school context: The moderating role of task‐related job autonomy

The aim of this research is to investigate the moderating role of task‐related job autonomy to explain the impact of team creativity on organizational knowledge creation in the school context. From the applied performance improvement standpoint, this research differs from previous studies in that more behavioral constructs were considered rather than policy‐related issues in the school context. Hierarchical multiple regression and general linear modeling approaches were utilized to examine the general relations among the constructs and the moderating role of task‐related job autonomy. Results show that task‐related job autonomy was not found to be a statistically significant moderating construct. This finding is in contrast to that of most previous studies on the workplace performance improvement field due to the internal nature of the school system and environment.     

新进技术员工政治技能对工作压力的影响——基于社会交换理论视角的实证研究

通过对来自全国不同地区的新进技术员工问卷调查,从社会交换理论视角实证研究了此类员工政治技能对工作压力的影响机制。得到的结论是：政治技能对工作压力会产生直接或间接影响;政治技能对领导．成员交换、组织支持感具有直接正向影响;领导．成员交换、组织支持感在政治技能对工作压力的影响中起到完全中介作用。上述发现,清晰提示了新进技术员工政治技能对工作压力影响的作用机理,对改善企业内部对新进员工的人力资源管理具有较高参考价值。     

The mediating effect of team‐level knowledge creation on organizational procedural justice and team performance improvement

This study examines how organizational procedural justice affects team performance through team‐level knowledge creation practices and the extent to which these practices mediate the association between organizational procedural justice and team performance. The target samples were drawn from six organizations in Korea. A total of 348 cases were used for this study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed research framework. The results indicate that all the direct paths among the research variables were statistically significant. In addition, this research confirms the mediating effect of knowledge creation practices in the relationship between organizational procedural justice and team performance. Conclusions, implications for human performance technology, limitations of the study, and further research also are discussed.     

How the Organizational Learning Process Mediates the Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Performance in Korean Organizations

The primary purpose of this research is to examine the structural relationships among several workplace‐related constructs, including strategic human resource management (HRM) practices, organizational learning processes, and performance improvement in the Korean business context. More specifically, the research examined the mediating effect of the organizational learning processes at three levels—individual, group, and organizational—to explain the relationship between strategic HRM practices and performance improvement. A total of 640 cases were used for data analysis, with general multivariate analyses and structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the learning processes at the three levels have a significant direct impact on organizational performance and that they also serve as a mediating interaction construct to maximize the effect of strategic HRM practices. The article provides conclusions, discusses the limitations of the research, and makes further recommendations.     

分布式领导对大学教师组织公民行为的影响--以态度因素为中介

随着教育的变革与发展,教师组织公民行为对学校办学目标的实现起着日益重要的作用。如何更有效地激发教师积极主动的行为,成为当前关注的重点,分布式领导为此提供了新的思路。本研究以大学教师为研究对象开展调研分析并构建模型,探讨了分布式领导对大学教师组织公民行为的影响机制,研究发现组织信任、工作满意度与组织承诺在分布式领导与教师组织公民行为之间起着重要的中介作用。建议发展分布式领导的组织文化,使教师拥有充分的专业自主权和对重要事务的参与权,完善学术评价与激励机制,为教师发展提供平台与机会,同时注重对组织信任和工作满意度尤其是组织承诺水平的提升,从而使教师践行更多的组织公民行为,进而提高学术组织绩效、实现发展目标。     

Teachers' organizational citizenship behaviour: Considering the roles of their work engagement,autonomy and leader–member exchange

The increasing demands that schools are confronted with recently, require teachers' commitment and contribution to school goals, regardless of formal job requirements. This study examines the influence of teachers' work context, in terms of autonomy and leader–membership exchange (LMX), on the relationship between their work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs). A distinction is made between OCBI, targeted at benefits for the individual, and OCBO, targeted at benefits for the organization. Survey data from six Dutch schools for secondary education (n = 211), showed that autonomy and LMX both weakened the relationships between work engagement and OCBI and OCBO respectively.     

台湾员工的工作绩效、福利制度对于员工工作满意度与组织承诺之影响

员工一直是企业最重要的资产,员工所累积的技术与经验是无法被复制的,为了使企业的员工提升工作的动机与用心态度,即是工作绩效观点,另外在员工的薪资福利制度,也可以激励及改善员工并提升整体对企业的向心力,则是工作满意度最主要的影响因素。工作绩效与员工福利对于工作满意度有正向显著关系;工作绩效与员工福利对于组织承诺有正向显著关系;工作满意度对于组织承诺正向显著关系。研究结果可知,企业为了留住人才、降低员工流动率、盼望员工能多一些绩效及责任,利用福利制度,激励员工并达成组织目标。未来企业的部分单位更可能采用人力外包制度,相同单位下会出现同工不同酬的现象,在薪资制度无法调整之下,企业必顸提升员工潜在的知觉感受,才能留住高素质员工及保持良好工作效率。     

Building affective commitment to organization among Chinese university teachers: the roles of organizational justice and job burnout

In view of the benefit of improving employees’ organization commitment, it is important to study the major influencing factors of organization commitment. According to previous literature, organizational justice and job burnout have been considered two major influencing variables of affective commitment; however, little empirical research can be found to examine the relationship between job burnout, organizational justice, and affective commitment simultaneously among university teachers in China. Thus, the main purpose of the current study was to examine the above relationship in a cross-sectional design. The participants were 435 teachers from five universities in China. A series of structural equation modeling analyses were conducted by using Amos 19.0. The results showed that organizational justice was a strong predictor of affective commitment. Specifically, interactional justice predicted affective commitment the most strongly, whereas distributive justice, unexpectedly, had no significant influence on affective commitment. Furthermore, both emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment were important partial mediators of the relationship between interactional justice and affective commitment.     

工作满意度、组织承诺与关系绩效的关系实证研究

通过在成都、广州、深圳一些企业的实证研究,探讨组织承诺、工作满意度与关系绩效之间的关系,发现组织承诺三维度、工作满意度五维度与关系绩效两维度之间几乎都具有非常显著的相关关系;但是将工作满意度和组织承诺作为关系绩效的预测变量时,发现二者的因果关系非常不显著,因此推测工作满意度、组织承诺可能是关系绩效的前因中介变量或者调节变量。     

Why are some universities better? An evaluation in terms of organizational culture and academic performance*

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between organizational culture and academic performance among higher education institutions. The sample was composed of 647 faculty members working in the colleges of education, health, engineering, law, economics, and administrative sciences in four central research universities in Turkey. The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) was used to describe organizational culture, whereas University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) data were used to investigate academic performance. A multilevel analysis in which one unit of analysis (i.e., faculty member) was nested within another (i.e., college) was performed. The original contribution made to the literature by this research is its examination of the relationships between organizational culture and tangible performance indicators (e.g., the number of academic publications and citations). Results show that three different culture types were observed in the universities: Innovative team culture, competitive culture, and hierarchic culture. Although significant relationships were found between academic performance and both competitive culture and innovative team culture, the sole significant predictor of academic performance was competitive culture. One particularly interesting finding was that whereas competitive culture was effective on quantitative indicators (i.e., number of publications and number of citations), only innovative team culture affected the indicators related to effectiveness (i.e., article impact level and citation impact level).     

高校教师工作价值观与组织承诺等相关变量的关系研究

本文运用相关分析、方差分析的方法,探讨了人口学变量（性别、年龄、职称和高校类型）对教师工作价值观的影响。同时运用结构方程建模的方法,利用自编的教师工作价值观量表和其他标准化量表考察了工作价值观与组织承诺、工作满意度、工作绩效、离职倾向的关系。结果显示,工作价值观能直接影响组织承诺的相关维度,也能直接提高教师的工作满意度,组织承诺能有效提高工作满意度,组织承诺和工作满意度又能显著降低离职倾向。     

Internationalization of Canadian Agriculture: Policy and Governing Paradigms

Abstract

Purpose: To identify various organizational climatic factors responsible for role performances of veterinary officers in Andhra Pradesh, India.

Design/methodology/approach: Study was conducted in 11 selected districts. Data were collected from 220 respondents through a pretested interview schedule and subjected to correlation and multiple regression to draw valid inferences. Organizational climate was measured by using the index specially prepared for the study.

Findings: Around 76% of the respondents perceived that the organizational climate prevailing in the department of animal husbandry was favorable. Leadership, teamwork and trust had significant contribution towards perception of organizational climate. The respondents were least satisfied with motivation, decision-making and goal setting components of the organizational climate. The model with seven variables out of 16 independent variables was a good fit with R square of 85.59%. Work motivation, persistence disposition, participativeness, job satisfaction, physical facilities availability and timeliness of availability of facilities were found to have significant positive influence while job stress had significant negative influence on perceived organizational climate.

Practical implications: This investigation has an organizational and social significance for development of livestock organizations not only in India, but also to other SAARC countries as well.

Originality/value: No empirical evidence on inter-relation between organizational climate and job performance of veterinarians is available at present in Andhra Pradesh.     

Examining the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relation between responsibilities and career aspiration of vice-principals

This article reports a study designed to examine the mediating effect of vice-principals’ job satisfaction on the relation between their responsibility roles and career aspirations. Based on a Hong Kong data set, the study confirmed that responsibilities had both a direct effect and an indirect effect on career aspiration; the latter was mediated by job satisfaction. When specific responsibility dimensions were being considered, the two dimensions of leader and teacher growth and development, and teaching, learning, and curriculum were found to have an effect on job satisfaction, which in turn, influenced career aspiration. The dimension of Resource Management did not link to job satisfaction, it was however a predictor for career aspiration. Implications of the findings were discussed.     

Examining Mediation Effects of Work Engagement Among Job Resources,Job Performance,and Turnover Intention

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of work engagement on the relationships among job resources and job performance and turnover intention in Korean organizations. A total of 571 complete responses from Korean organizations were used for the purpose of data analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM ) was used to examine the proposed research hypotheses. The results showed that job resources had a direct and positive impact on employees’ work engagement. Also, employees’ work engagement had a direct and positive relationship with their job performance and a direct and negative relationship with their turnover intention. In addition, the study revealed that work engagement had significant partial mediating effects, not only on the relationship between job resources and job performance but also on the relationship between job resources and turnover intention within organizations. Research implications, limitations, and recommendations for further research are discussed.     

The trans-contextual model: perceived learning and performance motivational climates as analogues of perceived autonomy support

The trans-contextual model of motivation (TCM) proposes that perceived autonomy support in physical education (PE) predicts autonomous motivation within this context, which, in turn, is related to autonomous motivation and physical activity in leisure-time. According to achievement goal theory perceptions of learning and performance, motivational climate in PE can also affect autonomous motivation in PE. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of an integrated approach of perceptions of motivational climate in PE by incorporating aspects of perceptions of motivational climate from achievement goal frameworks on autonomous motivation in PE within the TCM. High school students (N?=?274) completed self-report measures of perceived autonomy support, perceived learning, and performance motivational climate and autonomous motivation in PE. Follow-up measures of autonomous motivation in a leisure-time context were taken along with measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions from the theory of planned behaviour 1 week later. Self-reported physical activity behaviour was measured 5 weeks later. The results of the path analyses indicated that perceived learning climate was the strongest predictor of autonomous motivation in PE and leisure-time contexts and mediated the effect of perceived autonomy support on autonomous motivation in PE. Perceived performance climate showed no significant effect on autonomous motivation in PE and leisure-time. Results also confirmed the premises of TCM regarding the effect of autonomous motivation in leisure-time on leisure-time physical activity and the mediating role of the planned behaviour theory variables.     

A Holistic Approach Toward Motivation to Learn in the Workplace

The purpose of this study was to identify key variables within and outside the learning context that could affect motivation to learn during training. Aside from research on motivation to learn, the theoretical framework of this study was also based on sociotechnical systems, total quality management, and training transfer theories which in turn furnished the training and organizational variables projected to have an influence on employee and organizational performance. Task autonomy, extrinsic rewards when applying newly learned skills and knowledge, organizational orientation toward quality improvement, and a work environment within which people live up to high ethical standards were found to be the most important predictors for motivation to learn during training.     

The Influence of Distributed Leadership on Teachers’ Organizational Commitment: A Multilevel Approach

ABSTRACT

In the present study the effects of a cooperative leadership team, distributed leadership, participative decision-making, and context variables on teachers’ organizational commitment are investigated. Multilevel analyses on data from 1522 teachers indicated that 9% of the variance in teachers’ organizational commitment is attributable to differences between schools. The analyses revealed that especially the presence of a cooperative leadership team and the amount of leadership support played a significantly positive key role in predicting teachers’ organizational commitment. Also, participative decision-making and distribution of the supportive leadership function had a significant positive impact on teachers’ organizational commitment. In contrast, distribution of the supervisory leadership function and teachers’ job experience had a significant negative impact.     

Impact of teachers’ implicit theories and perceived pressures on the establishment of an autonomy supportive climate

According to self-determination theory, when teachers establish an autonomy supportive climate in the classroom, students demonstrate high levels of self-determination and are intrinsically motivated. The aim of this study was to identify factors leading teachers (N=336) to report that they create such a climate. We conducted a path analysis in order to examine the respective roles of teachers’ implicit theories, their seniority, and their perceptions of pressures at work. We also attempted to find out whether these personal and contextual variables have a direct influence or are mediated by teachers’ self-efficacy. Our first finding was that a theory of academic ability as a fixed trait caused a drop in the teachers’ reported support for autonomy. On the other hand, the belief that academic abilities can be improved through students’ own efforts indirectly favored an autonomy supportive climate by acting positively on the teachers’ self-efficacy. Also, seniority had a significant positive effect on autonomy support that was direct, but was also mediated by self-efficacy. Finally, perceived pressures had a negative impact on reported autonomy support, but their influence was also mediated by self-efficacy.     

Relationships between social support,job autonomy,job satisfaction,and burnout among care workers in long-term care facilities in Hawaii

This study examined the effects of social support, job autonomy, and job satisfaction on burnout among long-term care workers in Hawaii, USA. Data were collected from 170 care workers working at long-term care facilities in Hawaii. The study variables included demographic data, burnout, social support, job autonomy, and job satisfaction. The study findings support the association between social support, job autonomy, job satisfaction, and burnout among care workers at long-term care facilities. Social support, job autonomy, and job satisfaction were negatively and significantly associated with the level of burnout of care workers in Hawaii. Furthermore, the findings suggest the need to develop policy and practice considerations for reducing burnout risks among care workers in order to improve quality of care.     

The effects of workplace learning on organizational socialization in the youth workforce

The purpose of this study was to identify how high school graduate newcomers adjust to working in organizations. This study examines how their formal learning, intended informal learning, and unintended informal learning experiences jointly influence their adjustment processes [e.g., role clarity and personal–organizational (P-O) fit]. It also explores the extent to which the newcomers’ adjustment processes relate to socialization outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit) and their mediating effects on the relationship between the types of learning and socialization outcomes. Results show that formal learning and intended informal learning have a strong positive relationship with P-O fit, while unintended informal learning is positively associated only with role clarity. In addition, role clarity indirectly and P-O fit directly affect job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit. The implication for management practices and future research is discussed.