Student teachers’ proactive strategies for avoiding study-related burnout during teacher education

The study aims to gain a better understanding of the function of proactive strategies in buffering study burnout among student teachers at the early stage of their studies. There is some evidence that the use of active social coping strategies during studies is related to reduced burnout levels among early career teachers. Less is known about the association between the proactive strategies and burnout among student teachers. Altogether, 244 Finnish student teachers completed the survey. The data were analysed by using SEM. The results suggested that the proactive strategies adopted by student teachers seem to prevent study-related burnout, especially in terms of exhaustion in studies and inadequacy in studying, but not directly the perceived cynicism towards studies. The results imply that learning how to use proactive strategies is functional in coping with study-related stressors, by reducing the risk of student teachers’ burnout.     

Self‐efficacy,school resources,job stressors and burnout among Spanish primary and secondary school teachers: a structural equation approach

This study examines the relationship between school resources, teacher self‐efficacy, potential multi‐level stressors and teacher burnout using structural equation modelling. The causal structure for primary and secondary school teachers was also examined. The sample was composed of 724 primary and secondary Spanish school teachers. The changes occurring in the Spanish teacher role in the last decade were taken into account to select job stressors. The results obtained revealed that external (school support resources) and internal (management classroom self‐efficacy and instructional self‐efficacy) coping resources have a negative and significant effect on job stressors. In turn, job stressors have a positive and significant effect on teachers’ burnout considering it as both a unidimensional and multidimensional construct. Furthermore, the hypothesised structure of burnout dimensions revealed that emotional exhaustion plays a key role in explaining Spanish school teachers’ burnout. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

STRESS AND BURNOUT: CONCERNS FOR THE HOSPICE VOLUNTEER

Although the literature contains numerous references to stress and burnout within the professional staffs of hospice programs, little has been written about stress among hospice volunteers. This article explores this issue by examining what the literature has to say about significant stressors and appropriate strategies for coping with stress and burnout. Implications for work with and the training of hospice volunteers are suggested. A number of research questions also are suggested.     

How do self-efficacy,contextual variables and stressors affect teacher burnout in an EFL context?

This study was an attempt to investigate the relationships among stressors, contextual variables, self-efficacy and teacher burnout in Iran as an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context. A battery of questionnaires was administered to 216 English language teachers of private language institutes. Using Amos version 20, structural equation modelling was run to examine the proposed model of the study. The findings showed that contextual variables could directly cause teacher burnout. They could also do so indirectly by giving rise to stressors, which would in turn increase burnout. The results also highlighted the possible direct and indirect role of self-efficacy in reducing teacher burnout. We argue that self-efficacy could function as a mediator or moderator variable which would reduce the negative effects of contextual variables and stressors on teacher burnout. The results of the present study have important implications for various stakeholders in pedagogy.     

Stressors,Self‐Efficacy,Coping Resources,and Burnout among Secondary School Teachers in Spain

The relationships among teacher occupational stressors, self‐efficacy, coping resources, and burnout were investigated in a sample of 247 Spanish secondary school teachers. Concretely, two specific aims were formulated in order to examine the effect of teaching stressors on teacher burnout and the role of self‐efficacy and school coping resources as mediator or moderator variables in the stressor–burnout relationship. Teachers reported that when their pedagogical practice in the school setting was being interfered with or hindered by a set of factors from the multiple contexts involved in students’ learning, problems of burnout occurred. In addition, results revealed that teachers with a high level of self‐efficacy and more coping resources reported suffering less stress and burnout than teachers with a low level of self‐efficacy and fewer coping resources, and vice versa.     

Burning out during the practicum: the case of teacher trainees

The purpose of the present study was to empirically examine the link between practicum-related stressors, perceived general practicum stress, personal variables (i.e. general and teaching self-efficacy, epistemological beliefs, conceptions about teaching and learning, and trait anxiety) and burnout dimensions in a sample of 174 Greek student teachers, immediately after the completion of their practicum. In addition, the study sought to identify the best predictive combination of the studied variables for each burnout dimension. Participants who reported high general practicum stress indicated moderate levels of emotional exhaustion, but low depersonalisation and high personal accomplishment. Statistically significant correlates of burnout dimensions were used in three regression analyses. Results revealed that emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment were predicted by practicum workload, whereas depersonalisation was predicted by teachers’ epistemological beliefs (i.e. learning process) and practicum-related stressors (i.e. meeting pupils’ needs). The present study contributes to the limited body of existing evidence on burnout in student teachers. The results are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.     

地方高校学生学习倦怠的调查与对策

学习倦怠是指学生对学习没有兴趣或缺乏动力却不得不为之时,就会感到厌烦,从而产生一种身心俱疲、并消极对待学习活动的状态。采用大学生学习倦怠问卷,对200名地方高校学生进行调查。得出以下主要结论：地方高校学生存在中等程度的学习倦怠;男生的情绪耗竭程度高于女生;不同年级大学生的倦怠程度、低成就感水平不同;不同学习成绩的大学生除了在人格解体这一维度外,在其它维度和总分上都表现出显著差异。可以通过优化课程体系、改进教学方法、增强专业认同感、提高学习能力和进行心理健康教育等措施缓解地方高校大学生学习倦怠。     

Stress in school-aged children and youth

This article reviews the literature on stress in students of grades 1–12. A model to understand stress as the inequality between perceived demands and perceived resources is presented. Student stressors are identified in the family and school environments. Coping with these stressors is conceptualized as problem-focused, emotion-focused, or appraisal-focused strategies that make use of personal, social, and cognitive resources. Physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms of ineffectual coping efforts are then identified. After gender differences in stressors and coping are noted, instruments measuring stressors, coping strategies, and coping resources in children and youth are reviewed. Finally, representative intervention programs developed for school-aged youth are described and evidence of their efficacy is presented. The article concludes that there is a paucity of research on stress in children as compared to research on stress in adults.     

西方教师职业倦怠研究述评

自从20世纪70年代末以来，西方许多学者就开始对教师的职业倦怠问题进行研究，至今已形成了丰富的研究成果。文章主要对西方教师职业倦怠研究较为关注的几方面问题，即职业倦怠概念的界定、教师职业倦怠的影响因素、教师职业倦怠的缓解对策方面进行了评述，以期为我国的教师职业倦怠研究提供理论参考与借鉴。     

枯竭的概念、理论及其研究趋势

枯竭(Burnout)用来描述人与工作的关系发生扭曲时所面临的困难,是对在工作中产生的情感的、人际关系压力源的慢性反应。目前关于枯竭的概念以及相关理论的探讨还很少,枯竭包括耗尽、人格解体和个人成就感低落三个维度;枯竭研究主要有三种理论模型,并出现新的研究动向。     

Guilt,Shame, and Empathy as Predictors of Coping Engagement among United States College Students

College students experience a myriad of stressors in their daily lives. These stressors are associated with negative outcomes for students, both to their academics and well-being. Healthy, effective coping strategies may support students in navigating personal distress. One of the primary aspects of counselling is to help clients develop and apply such strategies. This study aimed to identify intrapersonal factors that predict types of coping strategies. Participants (N?=?416) identified as undergraduate college students attending a large public university in the southwestern United States. Results indicated that a problem-focused engagement coping strategy was associated with maladaptive factors such as shame and personal distress. Additionally, a problem-focused engagement coping strategy was predicted by potentially more helpful intrapersonal characteristics including guilt (as a motivator) and two dimensions of empathy. Finally, mean comparisons indicated statistically significant differences between identified gender and coping strategies. Implications for college counsellors are discussed.

     

School psychology trainers' identification of current stressors in the work lives of urban practitioners. A comparison study

The focus of this study is to investigate school psychology trainers' identification of current stressors in the work lives of practitioners. Surveys rating 40 stressors on a Likert‐type scale were completed by 161 school psychology graduate faculty, members of the School Psychology Educators Council of New York State. Survey results were compared to the job‐related stressors identified by New York City Psychologists using an almost identical questionnaire. While there appears to be general agreement between faculty trainers and practitioners on the identification and relative ranking of work‐related stress, the faculty trainers consider those events to be more stressful than do the practitioners. Faculty's recognition of the environmental forces that negatively impact upon the experience of school psychologists should provide impetus for the development of graduate programs that address stress prevention and/or coping strategies. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

地方高校教师心理健康问题分析与思考

针对地方高校教师心理问题的产生背景、发生机理以及应对策略进行了分析与思考,提出了地方高校教师心理问题的三个表现:工作缺乏积极性,承受众多压力,职业倦怠较重。四个产生原因是:更新知识的压力,承担家庭责任义务的压力,个人事业发展带来的压力,日常工作生活带来的压力。四种应对策略是:建立积极有效激励机制,多方面给予教师社会支持,定期开展心理保健活动,做好自我心理调整工作。     

Exploring coping and optimism as predictors of academic burnout and performance among university students

This study examined the relationship between coping strategies, dispositional optimism, academic burnout and academic performance using structural equation modelling. Data were collected from a sample of 532 Spanish undergraduate students. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires including the LOT-R to assess optimism, CSI for the measurement of coping (adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies), and MBI-SS to evaluate academic burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and efficacy). Academic performance was evaluated by the grade point average (GPA). The results showed that academic burnout was directly and positively associated with maladaptive coping but directly and negatively explained by adaptive coping. In addition, emotional exhaustion was significantly and negatively predicted by optimism. Finally, academic performance was significantly predicted by academic burnout. In conclusion, the findings suggest that both adaptive coping and optimism help to prevent academic burnout and, therefore, positively affect academic performance. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed.     

西北民族地区中学生生活事件和应对方式对学习倦怠的影响

采用青少年生活事件量表、应对方式问卷、学习倦怠量表对西北少数民族地区1300名中学生进行调查,探讨少数民族地区中学生生活事件和应对方式对学习倦怠的影响及其机制。研究结果表明,西北少数民族地区中学生的学习倦怠处于较低的水平,学习压力对学习倦怠有非常显著的预测作用,自责对学习倦怠的解释量最大,生活事件不仅直接作用于学习倦怠,同时还通过应对方式对学习倦怠产生影响,模型拟合度较好。研究还就如何改善学生的学习倦怠提出了对策,如应减轻中学生课业负担、加强对中学生应对方式的训练等。     

高职院校教师职业倦怠心理的成因与对策

高职院校教师职业倦怠心理极大地影响着教师的工作。因此,要分析职业倦怠心理的成因,并探索解决这种职业倦怠心理的基本对策。     

Student Engagement and School Burnout in Finnish Lower-Secondary Schools: Latent Profile Analysis

Self-ratings of behavioural engagement, cognitive engagement and school burnout were used in person-centred analyses to identify latent profiles among 2,485 Finnish lower-secondary school students. Three profiles were identified: high-engagement/low-burnout (40.6% of the sample), average-engagement/average-burnout (53.9%), and low-engagement/high-burnout (5.5%). Another sample of lower-secondary school students was used to validate the 3 profiles. The factors most strongly associated with the high-engagement/low-burnout profile of lower-secondary school students’ were high levels of support from teachers and family, good academic performance, and lack of truancy. The study indicated that teacher and family support and students’ academic achievement are pivotal in understanding student engagement and school burnout.     

中学班主任危机及其管理策略

班主任危机表现为教师害怕或拒绝担当班主任、工作技能欠缺及教育方式简单,其成因主要有教师职业倦怠、不合理的评价体系、生存与工作压力以及媒体的过度关注等。针对班主任危机,可采用制度管理、合作管理、培训管理、人性化管理等策略。     

中小学新教师职业倦怠预防策略探讨

刚刚开始教师生涯的中小学新教师,面临来自各方面的压力,也面临产生职业倦怠的危险。本着"防患于未然"的目的,从中小学新教师职业倦怠的影响因素入手,对中小学新教师职业倦怠的预防,提出相关的干预策略。     

School stress, teachers' abusive behaviors, and children's coping strategies

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the research study on school stress and the coping strategies children use in public schools in Poland. The main goals were to identify and investigate: (1) school stress components, its frequency and intensity, (2) its psychological and temperamental correlates and consequences, (3) students' coping strategies. METHOD: A field-correlative design was applied to test 271 students, between the ages of 13 and 14, using six questionnaires. School stressors and children's coping strategies were identified and analyzed on two separate questionnaires with open-ended questions. School stress scale investigated the frequency of stress components and the intensity of stress. Anxiety level was measured by standardized, Polish version of STAIC. Temperamental characteristics were tested by the standardized questionnaire STI-R/4. RESULTS: The most frequent stressors were teachers' abusive behaviors in the classroom teaching and assessment. Students' coping strategies, and their school results, were determined by the intensity of school stress, anxiety, and temperamental characteristic. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated teachers' psychological abuse as an important component of children's school stress. An over-abundant by the abuse, stress and anxiety subjects regulate their optimal level of stimulation and activation by using survival-coping strategies, destructive for their school achievements, and well-being.