Higher Education Internationalization Strategies: Of Marginal Significance or All-Pervasive? The International Vision in Practice: A Decade of Evolution

The author, who is the Executive Director of the European Association for International Education, reflects on the relationship between the idea of the internationalization of higher education and its concrete expression in terms of professional organization and practice with special emphasis upon the role of her own organization. She traces the ways in which a progressive broadening of areas of attention in the internationalization of higher education have reached out to new activities and programmes, strategic integration, policy articulation, the juxtaposition of internationalization with Europeanization and globalization, and increased awareness of the possibilities of transnational education driven partly by the NICTs. Older conceptions of internationalization will co-exist with new conceptions of globalization and Europeanization.     

成人教育面临的机遇与挑战——“2005年成人教育创新与学习型社会建设国际论坛”综述

四月的上海春意盎然，在风景如画的华东师范大学丽娃河畔不仅洋溢着一片醉人的春色，而且到处可以感受到浓浓的学术气息。     

The OECD and the expansion of PISA: new global modes of governance in education

This paper examines the expansion of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and associated growth in the influence of the OECD's education work. PISA has become one of the OECD's most successful ‘products’ and has both strengthened the role of the Directorate for Education within the organization and enhanced the significance of the organization in education globally. We provide an overview of the OECD, including organizational changes in response to globalization and the changing place of the Directorate for Education within the organization, particularly with the development of PISA in the late 1990s. We show how the OECD is expanding PISA by broadening the scope of what is measured; increasing the scale of the assessment to cover more countries, systems and schools; and enhancing its explanatory power to provide policy‐makers with better information. The OECD has also developed the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and PISA‐based Tests for Schools, which draw on the PISA template to extend the influence of its education work to new sites. The paper draws on data from 33 interviews with past and present personnel from the OECD, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) and the English and Australian education systems, as well as analysis of relevant OECD documents. We argue that PISA, and the OECD's education work more broadly, has facilitated new epistemological and infrastructural modes of global governance for the OECD in education.     

普通高校成人教育学院发展的出路

随着全球化进程的加快,知识经济时代和信息化社会对人才的要求日益加剧,教育面临着更加艰巨的任务,成人教育为社会财富的直接创造者提供教育支持,其使命更是任重而道远。作为普通高校的成人教育工作者,我们应该根据社会发展的需求,遵循成人教育的规律,努力开辟成人教育的多种渠道,为促进社会的不断和谐发展和成人的不断完善作出最大的贡献。     

The labour market benefits of adult education from a global perspective

International Review of Education - This article presents recent evidence of the labour market outcomes of adult education from a global perspective. There is evidence that adult education has...     

The Bologna Process and higher education in Mercosur: regionalization or Europeanization?

Over the past two decades regional agreements have become more significant in educational and training. This paper situates and analyses the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy and explores their influence on the integration of higher education systems in Mercosur (the Southern Common Market of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela). Mercosur is still a customs union, and the project of integrating higher education is at an early stage. Lacking organically established regional bodies, coordination of integration in Mercosur has focused on summits and meetings of officials. However, in a context of unequal maturity in regional integration, there is emerging evidence that the EHEA project is influencing the reforms of national systems of higher education and even Mercosur’s model for a regional area of higher education. A nascent Europeanization of higher education systems in the Mercosur region is emerging, by-passing Mercosur’s regional structures. The formulation of policies has been permeated by policy transfer from Europe to national territories within Mercosur.     

文化多元化背景下的成人教育发展

第四次国际成人教育会议指出：成人教育不仅是经济发展的基础,它同样可以为社会的文化发展与进步作出决定性的贡献。对此,可以很肯定地说,顺应新社会背景下开展的成人教育势必会与多元化的文化迸发出耀眼的火花,并通过传播传统文化和外来文化的精华,不断更新和创造新的文化,获得成人教育发展的良好文化空间。     

The Academic Credit Bank System in the Republic of Korea: An effective medium for lifelong learning in higher education?

International Review of Education - Drawing on critical theory for adult education, the authors of this article examine the Academic Credit Bank System (ACBS), an open educational system operating...     

全球视域下成人参与学习的障碍及解决路径——基于GRALE Ⅳ的分析

成人全面而有效地参与学习是保障2030年可持续发展目标实现的关键因素之一。但联合国教科文组织2019年发布的第四份《成人学习与教育全球报告》显示,当前全球范围内成人学习与教育(Adult Learning and Education, ALE)的平均参与率仍然不高,而且不同国家和地区之间的差异明显,一定程度上影响了可持续发展目标的实现。究其原因主要是成人参与学习的主观意识不强、社会环境欠佳、保障体制待完善等。为破除这些障碍,需从激发成人个体学习意识、构建社会支持系统、塑造有利于成人学习的社会环境出发,帮助更多的成人参与学习和接受教育,促进全球化时代全民学习社会的早日实现。     

教育全球化：对抗还是对策

教育全球化是一个多层次、多阶段、内涵丰富的历史过程。教育服务的全球化贸易以及教育资源的全球化争夺是推动教育全球化的两个重要支柱。在1995～1996年至2002～2003年这7年中,教育全球化程度增强,但主要发达国家在教育全球化格局中的地位基本保持不变,只是彼此在全球教育资源上的争夺更加剧烈。面对这种格局,我们采取积极有效的对策将比对抗更有效。     

学会和睦共处--第46届国际教育大会综述

第46届国际教育大会以“学会共处”为主题,提出了全球化对未来公民在发展应变能力等七个方面的基本教育需求,并强调了发展全民优质教育等新的应对策略。     

Towards education for a sustainable future in Asia and the Pacific

Conclusion The second phase of education for a sustainable future (the widespread reorientation of educational practices, systems and structures) is not yet widespread in the Asia-Pacific region. This is a very large undertaking and one that the economically wealthy regions of the world have yet to make. Therefore it is not surprising that one of the world's economically poorer regions has yet to enact such reforms. However, there is sufficient leadership in the region (in the form of international and regional agencies and active NGOs) to indicate that if Member States can be convinced that a whole-of-government approach to sustainable development is desirable, the teacher educators, curriculum development officials and teachers of the region will have the requisite support to make the necessary reforms. Original language: English John Fien (Australia) Director of the Centre for Innovation and Research in Environmental Education, Griffith University. Teaching and research interests focus on the reorientation of education towards sustainability in the formal school sector, teacher education and community education. He is the author ofEnvironmental education: a pathway to sustainability and education for the environment andCritical curriculum theorising and environmental education. Editor of several UNESCO project publications, includingTeaching for a sustainable world (1995),Learning for a sustainable environment (1997) andTeaching and learning for a sustainable future (2000). Osamu Abe (Japan) Professor in Education at Saitama University in Japan and the Project Leader of the Environmental Education Project of the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. A leading authority on conservation education and a well-known figure in both the environmental NGO and environmental education movements in Japan. Bishnu Bhandari (Nepal) Senior Research Fellow in the Environmental Education Project of the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies in Japan. Former Director of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's conservation programme in Nepal. With Osamu Abe, he has convened a series of international conferences on environmental education in the Asia-Pacific region. They have publishedAn overview of environmental education in the Asia and Pacific region (1999) andA regional strategy on environmental education in Asia-Pacific (1999).     

Scientific and technological training for traditional communities

The International Bureau of Education is launching a research project on the training of teachers for intercultural education. The project is called ‘Basic Education for Participation and Democracy: Key Issues in Human Resources Development (Teachers and Multicultural/Intercultural Education)’. The general objective of the project is to develop countries' capacities to improve basic education, especially in multicultural contexts, and particularly through teacher training. Another objective of the project is to improve teachers' capacities to educate minorities, which is an important element in the building of a more democratic society. This article summarizes the results of the project and integrates them with strategies and methods developed by the Laboratoire de didactique et épistémologie des sciences of the University of Geneva, the Department of Biology of the University of Pavia and other research and training centres in Europe and Latin America. Ph.D. Professor at the University of Pavia, Italy. Member of the Laboratoire de didactique et épistémologie des sciences, University of Geneva. Technical adviser to the UNESCO: International Bureau of Education's Project ‘Basic Education for Participation and Democracy: Key Issues in Human Resources Development (Teachers and Multicultural/Intercultural Education)’. His many publications includeTeacher training and multiculturalism: national studies (1995).     

The Choice of English as Medium of Instruction and Its Effects on the African Languages in Nambia

In 1995 Birgit Brock-Utne was asked by NIED (National Institute for Education and Development) in Namibia to make a study of the situation of the African languages after Independence in 1990. Five years later the study was followed up by Halla Holmarsdottir as her thesis for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Comparative and International Education. The study was supported by the Nordic Institute of African Studies. This article is built on both these studies, which shows that the enormous work that has gone into making English the official language of Namibia, has born fruits. However, Holmarsdottir in her 2000 study also found that teachers overestimate their knowledge of English and in fact recent teacher graduates are not significantly more proficient in English than those who have been teaching for some time. Both studies reveal that many people around the country have grave concerns that the Namibian languages are losing a battle against English. One notable example of this development is the drop in the number of students studying African languages at the University of Namibia. In 1995 there were 100 students taking Oshindonga, and in the academic year 1999–2000 there was one.     

全球成人教育政策的现实图景与实践走向

巴西贝伦召开的第六届国际成人教育大会形成两项重要成果：《贝伦行动框架》和《成人学习和教育全球报告》。这次大会展现了当前国际成人教育政策的现实图景——洲际差异的区域现状,居于国家政策边缘地位,实现参与平等的现实挑战,走向善治的治理策略。近年来,英国、加拿大、丹麦、西班牙、瑞士等OECD成员国在成人教育政策发展上扮演着标杆角色,引领着成人教育政策的实践走向。在20世纪,成人教育政策更多地成为＂社会控制的工具＂,忽视了个体发展的目标。而现在的成人教育政策价值取向,则需要个人价值与社会价值的包容。目前全球成人教育实践呈现多元化发展特征,这就需要成人教育政策必须是动态化的延续发展,如果偏离了这一状态,其政策就会出现片面性和短期性的失衡。成人教育政策的设计与执行,实际上是多方利益博弈的过程,许多国家缺少对成人教育政策的整体处理方式,因此制定相关政策特别应注重不同部门的整合性合作,提高资源与政策的运行效力。成人教育质量保障的政策评估主体,开始突破单一的官方评估模式,实现了官方与非官方共同评估的态势,实现了定量与定性相结合的评估方法。全球成人教育政策的实践走向,拓展了我国成人教育政策实践的空间。     

National Initiatives within the UN Decade for Human Rights Education: The Implementation of Human Rights Education Policy Reforms in Schools

As the ubiquitous force of globalization further erodes the nation-state and political activity increasingly focuses on global issues, there is renewed attention to models of global education. Within this global context, human rights education emerges as a response to the demands of global education. One of the main objectives of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (1995--2004) is the building and strengthening of programs and capacities for human rights education at the national and local levels. In this essay, an overview of human rights education and the policy guidelines for national plans of action for human rights education developed by the Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR) are presented. Further, the essay focuses on comprehensive national initiatives within the Decade that are being undertaken in Japan, Austria, and the United States, with particular attention to the implementation of human rights education in formal secondary school settings.     

全球化视野中的农村教育

本文结合2003年1月在中国召开的国际农村教育研讨会的信息资料,综合分析了20世纪90年代以来,国际农村教育在经济全球化和世界全民教育运动不断推进的背景下所取得的新进展及仍然面临的挑战,并对新世纪国际社会致力于教育为农村发展服务的行动议程进行了介绍。     

成人教育全球发展的历程与展望——来自UNESCO的推展

UNESCO在推进全球成人教育发展中扮演着极其重要的角色。在其引领下,成人教育经历了激情彭湃的全球成人扫盲、纳入国家正规教育组成、构建终身教育体系、成为一项不可剥夺的基本权利等全球发展时期。今后UNESCO在激发成人学习动机、提升成人学习能力、创设成人学习机会和环境、加大成人学习的财政、立法与文化支持以及促进成人学习的国际合作上还将继续发挥重要的作用。     

The road less walked: a retrospective of race and ethnicity in adult education

This article is a 20-year retrospective on race and ethnicity in Adult Education. A brief historical synopsis of how Adult Education has examined race and ethnicity foregrounds a contemporary segment that reviews the existing situations of people of colour in Adult Education. It is imperative to first discuss Adult Education's past as regards race and ethnicity in order to properly situate the contemporary discussion. This status report focuses primarily on Blacks since other groups, such as Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans, have been essentially absent from the literature. Research during the formative years of Adult Education in the 1930s and 1940s generally consisted of a neutral surface examination, while the current research of the 1980s and 1990s has a distinct social justice component sustained by a critical lens. The literature is virtually quiet on issues relating to race and ethnicity between the years of 1950 and 1980. Seven data sources were used in this appraisal. The following journals were surveyed, with particular attention placed on the last 20 years: Adult Education Quarterly, International Journal of Lifelong Education, Adult Literacy and Basic Education, and New Directions in Adult and Continuing Education. This critical analysis also included documents from the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), journal abstracts from the Current Index to Journals in Education, dissertations published in adult and continuing education, and the conference proceedings of the Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults (SCUTREA) and the Adult Education Research Conference (AERC). There has been a significant increase in research on minorities in Adult Education. For the most part, this research seems driven by the context of the present socio-political climate, and it is asserted that the movement towards examining race and ethnicity has been partially inspired by the increase of racial and ethnic group members as Adult Education professors, practitioners, and students in our classrooms and programmes.     

发展与借鉴:美国国际教育交流体制中的第三部门——以美国国际教育协会(ⅡE)为例

国际教育交流既是世界经济一体化的规律使然,也是一国国家利益的重要组成部分。作为第三部门的国际教育协会在美国国际教育交流体制中享有举足轻重的地位,这为我国国际教育交流体制的改革提供了有益启示与借鉴,即着力培育我国国际教育交流体制中的第三部门。美国国际教育协会的组织架构由领导机构、分支机构和会员单位组成,高等教育能力发展中心等五大部门是其主要职能领域,运行资金主要来自于政府、企业、基金会及国际组织。价值认同与"张力"模式、专业化的政策行动、"项目合作"国际交流方式及全球化的服务体系是国际教育协会实现卓越的主要因素。