Differenzielles Lehren und Lernen: eine Kritik

In this article, the differential learning approach introduced in 1999 by Wolfgang Sch?llhorn is critically examined. After positioning this concept in relation to the historical motor-action controversy between information processing and dynamical system theory, we put forward the arguments that consequences claimed for sport practice are not theoretically substantiated, that the tentative demarcation from cognitivism fundamentally fails, that the data presented stands on shaky ground and that, from a practice-related perspective, the approach manifests a severe lack of practicability. In consideration of disastrous consequences for sport practice as well as sport science, we suggest for future publications on differential learning to refrain from deficient and theoretically as well as empirically unsubstantiated recommendations for sport practice.     

Stress, Sport und Beschwerdewahrnehmung

Sport and physical activity are attributed with a positive influence on stress induced complaints due to their overall positive effect on health. The buffering effect on stress has not yet been clearly shown and the findings are inhomogeneous. The following article examines the buffering effect of sport and physical activity on different types of psychological and physical complaints. Therefore, a study was conducted questioning 453 people (M?=?53.56 years; SD?=?11.31) about chronic stress (Perceived Stress Scale), physical complaints (Gießener Beschwerdebogen) and their subjective physical activities (Energy consumption through physical activity – e.g. Soccer or Jogging) and energy consumption – daily bike and walking activity). A buffering effect on nearly all types of complaints could be shown through physical activity, but not through lifestyle activities. Physical activity acts complaint reducing on people suffering from increased stress. A more differentiated examination of the physical activity behaviour, the stress perception and the type of complaints might contribute to clearer findings.     

Sport, Sex und Erotik

The aim of this essay is to provide an overview of the aspects of erotic elements or eroticism in conjunction with sports. The body image and concept of the“homo sportivus eroticus” are promulgated by the media, in particular in visual form. The sportization of society has also not stopped at sex. Moreover, erotic or sexual attractiveness represents an essential motive for sports participation—to the same extent for men and women. Instances can be found in the history of sports illustrating the sexualization or eroticization of the athletic body as well as attempts to suppress or control sexuality through sports. Finally, with reference to Freud, the relationship between sports, sex and eroticism is considered from a theoretical perspective.