探索型课堂策略初探

在“减负增效”的教育背景下．教师怎样做才能让学生由被动学习转为主动学习、勇于探究、增强掌握知识的能力呢？在此过程中．教师应尊重学生的人格,并根据青少年身心发展的特点．创设能引导学生主动参与的教育环境．使每位学生都能在和谐、愉悦的氛围中调动积极性、激发创造激情,在课堂中培养探索精神,克服困难,不断探索,勇攀科学高峰。     

“活动”创造英语教学的“魅力”

喜欢活动、需要快乐是小学生的天性．这中间包含了他们对未来的追求．对人生乐趣的渴望。在活动化教学活动中,他们要摸、要闻、要尝、要听、要唱、要跳、要画、要写：在和伙伴们一起活动时,要说话、要进行思想交流、要模仿别人,要探索、要创造、要驰骋于想象的天地。他们积极参与其问,兴趣盎然,领悟了学习的喜悦,获得了成功的满足．从而充分发挥了个性．提高了他们的全面素质．     

Alkaptonuric ochronosis: Report of a case and brief review

Alkaptonuria, a metabolic disorder characterized by a triad of homogentisic aciduria, arthritis and ochronosis is one of the first conditions in the charter of group of inborn errors of metabolism proposed to have Mendelian recessive inheritance. It is due to the deficiency of the enzyme homogentisic acid oxidase which catalyzes the conversion of homogentisic acid to maleylacetoacetic acid in the catabolism of tyrosine. Homogentisic acid thus accumulates in cells and body fluids and its oxidized polymers bind to collagen, leading to progressive deposition of grey to bluish black pigment resulting in degenerative changes in cartilage, intervertebral disc and other connective tissues, leading to arthritis which is the only disabling effect in an affected older individual. However the diagnosis can be made in neonates when blackish stain is noticed in an unwashed diaper. Alkaptonuria is treated symptomatically, surgical intervention necessitates in advanced stages, treatment with ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and dietary restrictions of food containing phenylalanine and tyrosine have proved to be successful in alleviating the symptoms.     

Adjusting to the digital: Societal outcomes and consequences

Innovation in digital technologies is central to contemporary debates about the need for policy and regulatory adjustment in response to the consequences of the centrality of these technologies in contemporary societies. Christopher Freeman's research in relation to changes in techno-economic paradigm and, specifically, in relation to the information and communication technology (ICT) paradigm, cautioned that assessments of these changes needed to go beyond market dynamics to examine social, cultural and political issues. In this paper several predominant themes in his work are foregrounded – the ambiguity of changes within the ICT paradigm; the role of guiding principles in influencing expectations about societal outcomes; and the importance of political factors in shaping the consequences of technological innovation. These three themes are then deployed in a discussion of recent innovations – two technical (5G mobile networks and artificial intelligence-as-a-service) and one institutional (proposals for changes in the international taxation regime in response to claims that the existing regime is inappropriate in the face of global online service provision). In each instance, the aim is to illustrate how following Freeman by giving attention to the themes operates as an important guide to analysis of adjustments to novel deployments of digital technology. The conclusion emphasizes the value of Freeman's contributions to shaping research agendas that acknowledge the need to humanize technology, to consider alternatives to taken-for-granted principles and practices, and to take into account the role of political power in tandem with concentrated economic power.     

创造性资产寻求、子公司影响力与逆向知识转移

我国海外投资企业日益关注东道国创造性资产寻求,希望借此实现自主创新能力提升,那么如何获取东道国知识资源成为亟待解决的难题。在外商在华FDI活动中,我国企业往往借助知识和技术溢出效应获取资源和提升技术水平,而在我国向发达国家的OFDI活动中,这一方式则不太适用,我国企业需要更具主动性和针对性的知识获取途径和共享模式,而由海外子公司向母公司的针对性逆向知识转移则更能有效满足我国企业的特定资源需求,并有助于我国企业实现自主创新能力提升。本文试图从逆向知识转移方式出发,探究其作为我国企业获取东道国创造性资产路径的可行性,同时深入研究其影响因素和内在作用机制。为揭示我国跨国公司母公司微观因素对逆向知识转移的推动作用,本文围绕母公司战略因素和子公司逆向知识转移评价设计问卷,以我国海外投资企业问卷调研数据为基础,采用中介效应检验和结构方程模型探究了母公司国际化动因,子公司影响力对逆向知识转移的影响作用。实证结果证实以上两类因素对逆向转移的应用和创新效果具有促进作用,其中国际化动因体现为对海外创造性资产寻求的重视程度,子公司影响力从母公司对子公司的战略、文化和股权控制三方面实现对逆向知识转移的显著影响,而创造性资产的影响作用还通过转移意愿的中介效应体现,子公司影响力则借由渠道建设的中介作用实现。最后综合实证分析和华为案例佐证的结论,本文构建基于母公司战略和子公司影响力、转移意愿和渠道建设的逆向知识转移作用机制,为我国企业实践提供对策建议：（1）鼓励我国海外投资企业关注创造性资产寻求,尤其关注东道国技术、管理、市场和文化知识。（2）鼓励创造性资产寻求动因,提高对子公司的战略、文化和股权控制水平,提升子公司绩效对母公司的影响力,借以促进子公司逆向转移意愿;同时借由母公司控制程度提升,激励子公司完善渠道建设,实现基于编码和人员的双轨道知识转移系统,从而促进逆向转移效果。（3）增强全资子公司或控股合资等高控制度的海外市场进入模式实现更高水平的股权控制,同时通过对子公司的统一战略规划和资源支持加强其战略控制水平,通过构建更具内部凝聚力和控制力的强文化体系来加强对子公司的文化影响。（4）不仅关注逆向知识转移后的知识应用过程,更关注知识再创新和自主创新过程,实现后发国家的技术追赶。     

基于推拉理论的农民工定居地选择意愿的实证研究

首先运用推拉理论从理论上分析哪些因素影响农民工定居地选择意愿,然后利用河南省汝州市187个外出打工农民样本数据,运用Logistic模型分析方法,进行实证检验。结果显示,农民工收入越高和年龄越小越倾向于在打工城市定居;外地人子女入学受歧视和老家经营的耕地面积大,倾向于回农村老家定居;打工城市为省会城市、直辖市和中心镇与对照组地级市或县城比较,在打工城市定居的意愿会下降;打工城市位于东部或是西部地区较对照组中部地区比较,在打工城市定居的意愿也会下降。最后,提出了相关建议。     

教师在课堂陈述中的中介作用研究--以笔译教学为例

随着课堂陈述在外语课堂中越发普遍,教师在课堂陈述中应扮演的角色引起教育者的思考。为了把教学的中心地位归还给学生,一些老师索性把课堂时间都给学生进行课堂陈述,而没有进行任何的指导、干预甚至点评,使课堂效果不尽如人意。该文借用费厄斯坦的中介理论,以笔译课堂为例,分析教师在课堂陈述中四大中介作用的具体表现,总结出提高课堂陈述效果的七大步骤,即发布任务、鼓励与激励、跟踪与反馈、记录、参与讨论、点评和评估打分。该文结论认为教师在课堂陈述中不能对学生袖手旁观,而应充分发挥教师的“中介作用”,成为学生课堂陈述任务的发布者、组织者、鼓励者、资源人、咨询者、管理者、参与者、观察者和评估者。     

高校理科教师在科技创新中的优势和作用探讨

在科技强国的大形势下,理科教师作为高校重要群体,如何在科技创新中发挥自己的作用是值得思考的问题。本文从理科教师自身的特点出发,探讨了高校理科教师如何发挥优势、如何进行合作以增强其在科技创新中的作用等问题;同时,从外部环境的角度探讨了科研管理部门在促进理科教师参与科研创新中的作用。     

高校图书馆人性化服务的新视角

提升高校图书馆人性化服务水平,在管理模式上,需要引进一门式管理系统;在图书馆自身建设上,需要营造多样化的休闲环境,提供舒适的个性化空间;在软环境管理上,需要培育高效的馆员管理团队。     

Ontology for knowledge management in software maintenance

The concept of ontologies has been widely reported in the literature, and has been described various ontological designs, but few works try to explain in practical terms how to design an ontology. On the other side, although it is widely accepted the importance of maintenance of software products, few ontological designs focus on applying techniques to manage knowledge to get it. This paper analyzes the ontologies proposed to address this need, in order to present information that can help to software development organizations in similar works. Besides, is described a methodological process to structure an ontology that can be applied to manage knowledge in software maintenance.     

人工髋关节翻修术25例疗效分析

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因、骨缺损的处理、假体的选择及相关翻修技术。方法：选择广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院2003年1月-2013年12月行人工髋关节翻修术的25例病例的临床资料,其翻修假体的类型：全生物型臼和柄12例,全骨水泥型臼和柄3例,只用骨水泥臼4例,只用骨水泥柄2例,混合型假体2例,用原假体2例。需要植骨8例。结果：疗效参考Harris评分：优19髋（90分以上）、良4髋（80-89分）、可2髋（70-79分）,优良率为92%。翻修的原因：假体松动9例,假体沉陷4例,假体脱位4例,感染2例,假体松动并周围骨折2例,假体周围骨折2例,假体松动并脱位1例,假体断裂1例。结论：找出初次置换失败的原因,针对性的制定翻修方案,合理的选择翻修假体,具备一定的翻修技术及经验是髋关节翻修术获得成功最基本的条件。     

中国城市形状的时空变化

基于国家资源环境数据库动态土地利用数据,计算了1990年和2000年我国31个大城市的形状指数.结果表明,从1934年～1990年的56年间城市形状从紧凑趋于非紧凑、分散;而在1990年～2000年10年间,由于受到城市建设用地控制增强的影响,城市形状趋于紧凑.从1934年～1974年间,在20个可比较的城市中有14个城市形状指数增加、6个城市形状指数减少.从1974年～1990年间,在22个可比较的城市中各有11个城市的形状指数增加和减少.从1990年～2000年间,31个城市中有11个城市的形状指数增加、20个城市形状指数减少.一些城市的形状指数在不同时间段变化十分剧烈.例如,兰州市是在1934年～1974年间形状指数增加最多的城市,而在1974年～1990年阶段则形状指数减少最多的城市.同样,武汉和昆明则是在1974年～1990年阶段形状指数增加量最大的城市,而在1990年～2000年阶段则是形状指数减少量最大的城市.这或许说明在城市规划和城市建设中,有时人们还未真正认识到城市形状的重要性,往往只有当城市形状变化到严重地影响人们的生产、生活和环境时,才发现形状存在的缺陷.     

专业技能由“懂”到“会”的“三步曲”

专业技能的获得与提升都有一个由＂懂＂到＂会＂、由＂会＂到＂熟＂、由＂熟＂生＂巧＂的过程,在这个专业技能的＂成长链＂之中,有一个十分重要的环节,那就是＂通＂。本文所提到的＂融会贯通＂——＂触类旁通＂——＂无师自通＂的三个环节能够为提升专业技能的人们提供有益的参考。     

虚拟企业社会责任共创参与意愿的影响因素

随着数字化技术的蓬勃发展,越来越多的企业运用社交媒体吸引顾客参与企业社会责任,虚拟企业社会责任共创已成为企业履行社会责任的重要形式。本研究以顾客心理授权（选择权、知情权、影响力）为中介变量,探讨企业社会责任感知（利益感知、情感感知、期望一致性）对参与意愿的作用机理,并由实证分析得出利益感知通过选择权、知情权、影响力对参与意愿有显著正向影响;情感感知通过选择权、知情权对参与意愿有显著正向影响;期望一致性通过选择权、知情权、影响力对参与意愿有显著正向影响;企业声誉在利益感知与选择权、知情权中起到正向调节的作用;企业声誉仅在情感感知与选择权中起到正向调节的作用;企业声誉在期望一致性与选择权、知情权、影响力中起到正向调节的作用。本研究拓展了顾客心理授权理论的应用范围,进一步探索了企业社会责任感知到参与意愿的“黑箱”,并为虚拟企业社会责任共创的有效开展提供了重要启示。     

我国行星化学学科发展现状与展望

半个世纪以来,行星化学一直是欧美以及日本等主要科技强国最活跃的科学研究前沿之一。但是,由于种种限制,我国的行星化学一直没有得到充足发展。这种状况和我国的航天大国地位并不相称,也会成为我国建成航天强国目标的阻碍之一。因此,在全国各大重点院校进行行星化学学科建设迫在眉睫。基于行星化学学科对于深空探测的重要性,文章将着眼于行星化学学科的内涵,探讨行星化学学科的独特性,比较国内外学科建设的差距,提出我国行星化学学科建设的建议。     

Managing the knowledge environment: a case study from healthcare

An organization's future is viable to the degree it can create, obtain, and leverage its intellectual capital in an effort to manage knowledge for sustained, competitive advantage in the market place. Failure to do so can spell disaster. Case in point: Due to a festering crisis between his strategic intent and the organization's operational capacity to support it, in May 2000, the Spartanburg Regional Healthcare System (SRHS) board of directors voted for its chief executive officer (CEO) to resign. His resignation signaled the need for new learning, in addition to more effective management and communication practices in improving the identifying and codifying of knowledge and then facilitating the sharing of it organization-wide. This article focuses on delineating the process principles in managing a supportive environment necessary for the sharing of knowledge to spark creative thinking in devising innovative solutions that the hospital used in adapting to its market.     

高校图书馆引入服务营销管理之探讨

本文论述了高校图书馆如何通过引进服务营销的管理理念,改革办馆管理理念,优化馆藏结构,改善读者服务工作,以吸引更多读者,提高文献的利用率。这种管理改变了过去以文献为中心的管理方式,进一步明确了图书馆藏以致用的原则,大大方便了读者,真正体现出图书馆以读者需求为本的现代服务理念。     

An investigation into turn-away among information technology professionals in Brazil

Two important problems have been observed fairly frequently among information technology (IT) professionals, namely turn-over – where the IT professional moves to another company but still remains in the IT sector – and turn-away, in which the IT professional abandons the area in order to occupy a position in a different area, either in the same company or in another, sometimes assuming a managerial function. Few research papers were found with respect to the latter phenomenon. Based on that, the main thrust of this work is to understand how and why IT professionals in Brazil abandon their area, identifying typical characteristics in their career transition. Thus, from a literature review about career development and the analysis of the data collected, eight research hypotheses were developed in order to be analyzed by the researchers. A multiple case study method with several units of analysis was applied in two large companies in Brazil. In-depth interviews were conducted with IT professionals who had migrated to other areas within their organizations, they being considered the unit of analysis. The results accrued from this research reveal that IT professionals in Brazil need to have more growth opportunities than either their companies have been able to offer them or it is possible to offer within the technical arena.     

格式合同的行政规制

格式合同的行政规制,是指行政机关依照法律规定对格式合同的内容进行规范,对格式合同的使用进行监督检查,从而防止和消除不公平格式条款的活动。由于行政规制具有主动、高效、涉及面广等诸多优势,因而通过行政手段对格式合同进行规制受到各国的重视。就我国目前格式合同行政规制的现状来看,存在着主体分散、部门保护、方式方法单一等缺陷,导致大量不公平条款轻易出现在格式合同中,为此,需要组建专门的、中立公正的格式合同审查机构,并综合利用公开听讧等多样化的方式,加强对格式合同的审核和监督检查,以切实发挥行政规制的功能作用。