Short-Term,Home-Based Intervention for Child Noncompliance Using Behavioral Consultation and a Self-Help Manual

We examined the effectiveness of a self-help program designed to increase levels of compliance in children. Information was also collected regarding the integrity with which parents implemented program strategies. Additionally, the stage of change at which parents and children were functioning throughout the study was assessed. Four families were trained, via a manual, to modify the levels of compliance displayed by their children. Using a multiple baseline design, the effects of the program were evaluated using levels of compliance as the dependent variable. Results indicated that 3 of the children demonstrated increases in compliance and parents of those children were able to implement the program with integrity. Additionally, when assessed throughout the study, those parents and their children reported high stages of change. The fourth family reported lower stages of change, implemented the program with less integrity, and did not experience an increase in child compliance. Previous research is discussed in relation to these results and possibilities for future investigation are offered.     

Effectiveness of Logo Instruction in Reducing Mathematics Anxiety Among Eighth-Grade Students

No abstract available for this article.     

考试焦虑及防治对策

考试焦虑是考生在考试过程中经常出现的一种心理状态。考试焦虑的产生既有自身的心理因素，也有外界的环境因素。考试焦虑危险很大，可通过减轻考生的心理压力，提高应试技能，培养考生良好的个性品质，掌握有关减轻考试焦虑的方法等手段矫治。     

Employee Network Groups; Self-Help Strategy for Women and Minorities

ABSTRACT : Employee network groups are growing in popularity for female and minority employees. They are important as a way for employees to gain access to information and support in organizations, enhancing their effectiveness and prospects for career advancement. Evidence shows that Black managers in companies with network groups are more optimistic about their careers than those in companies without network groups. At the same time, network groups stimulate fear among managers and peers. These fears are discussed, along with strategies used by effective network groups for overcoming those fears.     

防水锁剂处理效果评价实验设计

通过分析室内岩心中含水饱和度建立方法的可重复性和难易程度,提出了评价过程中储层初始状态、水锁伤害、防水锁剂处理三部分含水饱和度建立的简化处理方法。在此基础上,设计了通过岩心正向驱替和反向注入测定相应产能流体渗透率的评价流程和相应的效果分析方法。通过实验分析4种防水锁剂的处理效果。结果表明,不同防水锁剂产品在同批次岩心伤害率基本相同的情况下渗透率修复率不同,表明所设计的防水锁剂评价方法不仅是在模拟水锁伤害-防水锁剂处理过程基础上的合理简化,具有原理合理性和操作简便性,而且能够判别不同性能防水锁剂产品的处理效果。     

Use of a Manual to Train Supervisors

A manual was created to teach supervisors to practice a variety of supervision strategies. Counselors supervised by manual-trained supervisors reported satisfaction with their training.     

侠：正义的私力救济符号

人类对和谐安宁生活的追寻实质上是渴求人间的正义。一个稳定秩序的形成源于当时当地人们所公认的正义。侠是一个几乎被滥用的词汇，从正义追求的视角为其正名，侠尽管是法律在场后的产物，但却是法律社会秩序形成的一个有机补充，是正义的私力救济符号。     

一例社交焦虑障碍个案的心理诊断与治疗

通过一例社交焦虑障碍个案,在全面搜集资料的基础上,进行心理诊断和分析,制定干预方案,采用认知领悟疗法、系统脱敏疗法进行治疗,并对治疗效果进行评估,为心理咨询及学校心理健康教育提供借鉴。     

Cognitive Group Therapy and Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment of Anxiety

Abstract

Our purpose was to examine the effects of cognitive group therapy, aerobic exercise, or their combination on anxiety reduction. Seventy participants were divided into four groups: cognitive group therapy, aerobic exercise, both treatments, or control. Participants were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after the study, and at a two-month follow-up. Results indicate that all interventions were equally effective in reducing anxiety as compared to no intervention. The combination of cognitive group therapy and exercise was not significantly more effective than either cognitive group therapy or aerobic exercise alone. Although effects were not maintained after two months, it is unclear whether this is attributable to the limitations of such interventions in changing more enduring traits. Possible mechanisms for change are discussed.     

音乐团体游戏缓解音乐专业学生考试焦虑有效性的实证研究

以74名具有考试焦虑症状的高师音乐系学生为被试,采用等组前后测设计,考察音乐团体游戏对考试焦虑症所起的作用。研究结果表明,音乐团体游戏能够有效地缓解高师音乐系学生的考试焦虑情绪。     

Measurement of Attitudes of Rural Women Towards Self-Help Groups

Abstract

Self-help groups (SHGs) have emerged as an effective mechanism of empowerment and development of women as well as being on efficient mode of promoting group action and technology dissemination. Initiatives were undertaken at the Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana to facilitate the formation of women's SHGs and to develop their capabilities through training programmes for harnessing the benefits of value addition and processing technologies for employment and income generation. The study attempts to assess the attitude changes in women about SHGs as a result of training. The evaluation of SHGs was conducted at attitude construct. A Likert Likert, R. 1932. A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140: 44–53.  [Google Scholar]-type scale consisting of 26 items was developed, for which Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was observed as 0.85. The survey instrument contained five sections; namely, socio-economic upliftment; education and training; marketing and entrepreneurship qualities; technology adoption and participatory research; and banking/credit aspects. The training group consisting of 30 participants of SHGs responded to five-section survey instrument. Significant t-test results for mean values of attitude of women before and after the training showed a significant change in attitude of women in all the five areas as a result of training. Positive orientation towards a task paves the way for success. The study exemplifies the impact of training in instilling positive orientation. For addressing the issues of rural poverty, enrichment of the system with social capital through empowerment and formation of women SHGs; provision of financial and credit support; creation of market-driven and decentralized extension system; use of media-mix for technology transfer and informal education at rural level; conduction of need-based training and strong political will need to be emphasized.     

情绪调节在儿童焦虑症治疗中的作用

文章从情绪调节的定义入手,介绍了治疗儿童焦虑症的认知行为疗法,但它只对大约60—70％的儿童是有效的。文中重点介绍了情绪调节在焦虑症儿童治疗中的作用,还介绍了针对改善个体水平以及家庭水平的情绪调节策略。     

The Quality Assurance Manual for an Engineering Course—a UK Example

SUMMARY Formal arrangements are being introduced in the UK for the academic audit of all university courses. It seems likely that in the future these will become normal practice throughout Europe. Procedures are having to be developed which will demonstrate the achievement of quality. Little guidance has been available so far on how to frame these procedures for engineering courses. Standards introduced in recent years for assuring the quality of products and services have emphasized the central importance of the Quality Manual. This paper gives an example of how the philosophy of these standards has been applied, in the framing of a quality manual for an engineering degree scheme. It has been necessary to define aspects of the scheme, such as its overall objectives, much more closely, so as to bring together procedures to show that the objectives are being achieved. A discussion is included of the procedures required for auditing, which is essential to ensure that the quality control loop is closed. Attitudes to the introduction of the manual are reported briefly.     

Counselor Anxiety During a Counseling Interview

Physiological and subjective measures of counselor anxiety were compared to determine if counselors experienced greater anxiety during a counseling interview than during a conversation, Twenty experienced rehabilitation counselors in a graduate-level practicum course volunteered to participate in a 10-minute conversation and counseling session. Anxiety was assessed by self-report skin conductance and heart-rate measures. Results indicated that there were no significant treatment, period, or interaction effects for heart-rate data; however, there was a significant period effect for conductance data. There were no significant differences for participants' self-report evaluations of the two situations. Baseline autonomic data were highly related to autonomic data during the anticipation and stimulus periods, and preexperimental self-report data were moderately related to postexperimental self-report data. Conclusions were that counselors experience comparable anxiety during counseling and conversing, that expectation accounts for most of the counselors' anxiety, and that baseline physiological and self-report data may prove useful in identifying counselors who would experience anxiety during an interview.     

手动/遥控两用开关的设计

以单片机为控制芯片,设计了一种手动/遥控两用开关.该开关可以通过手动和遥控两种方式控制开关的开启和关闭,可实现定时、调压和延时等功能.遥控发射器用家用遥控器取代,成本低,安装和使用都很方便,能够给家庭和企业带来很大的便利和经济效益.     

Empirical Validity for a Comprehensive Model on Educational Effectiveness

Educational effectiveness research is often criticised because of the absence of a theoretical background. In our study we started out from an educational effectiveness model which was developed on the basis of educational theories and empirical evidence. We have tested the main assumptions of the model by reanalysing a large-scale longitudinal dataset which contains elementary school data of subsequent student cohorts, their teachers and their schools. We found some expected positive effects on achievement of individual classroom and school factors in the effectiveness model but these were not stable across school subjects and student cohorts. When factors were grouped into clusters the findings remained essentially the same. To interpret the clusters we made use of the concept of consistency, which refers to a balance between factors which may enhance effectiveness. Some teachers and schools are more consistent than others, but this does not affect the achievement of their students. Cross-level interaction effects were not found. The instability of effects makes it hard to suggest changes in the model at this moment.     

焦虑研究述评

综述了焦虑的定性研究理论和焦虑的实证研究成果，对焦虑研究的整个进程进行了总结，并探讨了焦虑研究的未来走向。     

从手工到劳作:谈近代中小学手工教育的演变

清末至民国时期,我国手工教育在历史变革和动荡的历程中,曾受到过不同教育思潮和教育理念的影响,经历了从"手工"到"工用艺术",再到"工作",最终成为"劳作"的变化过程。在不同历史阶段探索过的经验与教训,对我国当前教育界提出的发展学生"核心素养"以及培养"工匠精神",是有许多启示与借鉴作用的。