学前听障儿童声调发音的声学研究

本研究通过比较20名5岁健听儿童与20名5岁听障儿童声调发音的声学参数,探求听障儿童声调的发音特点。研究结果表明:(1)听障儿童较容易掌握一声调,其一声的起点、终点、斜率与健听儿童无显著差异;(2)听障儿童二声调发音存在异常,其起点显著大于健听儿童,斜率显著小于健听儿童;(3)三声调对于听障儿童的发音难度相当大,35%的听障儿童用平调或降调的形式代替三声调,其他听障儿童三声调起点、终点、折点显著大于健听儿童,听障儿童的三声调斜率k升显著小于健听儿童;(4)听障儿童四声调发音存在异常,其四声调终点、斜率显著大于健听儿童。研究认为从发声层面,听障儿童之所以不能正确掌握二、三、四声调,是因为在声调的关键点不能将基频降低到合适水平。     

运用手语故事引导聋学生自主阅读的研究与实践

阅读是聋学生形成和发展汉语言能力的一个重要途径,但阅读的持久进行必须依靠阅读时产生的愉悦。手语故事形象生动,容易理解,受到聋学生的喜爱,是引导和帮助聋学生找到阅读乐趣的有效方法。在教育教学中,通过手语故事引导和帮助聋学生自主阅读,又通过自主阅读引导他们讲好手语故事,形成良性循环。这一方法使学生的阅读始终伴随着丰富生动的故事情节,有效地改变了聋学生阅读低效或无效的状态,帮助他们获得了阅读的快乐,使他们逐步形成了自主阅读的习惯和能力。     

Integration and Segregation in Mainstreaming Programs for Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairments

This article describes an investigation of 26 mainstreaming programs for students with hearing impairments from pre‐kindergarten through high school. The purpose of the study was to examine selection criteria, quality and quantity of mainstreaming time, and available support services. Students were found to be mainstreamed according to a number of criteria reported in the literature such as academic performance, hearing loss, and interpersonal skills, but also were affected by the willingness of regular education teachers to accept them into their classrooms. Academic mainstreaming was infrequent, and classroom observations showed that children with hearing impairments often appeared to be not well integrated into classroom activities. Programs varied considerably on all variables examined, including support services; in particular sign language interpreting was offered in some programs, available to a limited extent in others, but in many cases not at all. Clearer definitions of mainstreaming are a necessity and regular education teachers need to be informed of the special requirements of children with hearing impairments.     

人工耳蜗儿童与助听器儿童选择性听取能力的比较研究

本研究采用三因素混合实验设计,比较了人工耳蜗儿童(CI)与助听器儿童(HA)在不同信噪比条件下(SNR=10,5,0),对不同难度材料(双音节词和短句)的选择性听取能力.研究结果表明:(1)在重建听阈与补偿听阈相似时,人工耳蜗儿童与助听器儿童的选择性听取能力的差异不显著;(2)两类儿童对词语和短句的选择性听取能力差异显著;(3)在不同信噪比条件下两类儿童的择性听取能力差异显著.本研究结果提示,若助听器能补偿到最适宜水平,则没有必要进行人工耳蜗植入.     

The Concept of Inclusive Education: Teacher Training and Acquisition of English Language in the Hearing Impaired

Three languages are widely used in schools in Kenya – English, Kiswahili and Kenya Sign Language. Many pupils with hearing impairments are taught separately from the mainstream, in specialist settings. The fact that most of the formal teaching, assessment and examination processes in Kenyan schools rely upon spoken and written English compounds the separation of these pupils from the mainstream of education and, potentially, from the mainstream of society. In this article, Gertrude Wamae, graduate assistant in the Department of English and Linguistics at Kenyatta University, and Rachael Kang'ethe-Kamau, lecturer in the Department of Special Education at Kenyatta University, discuss the relationships between language, hearing impairment and inclusion in the Kenyan context. The article suggests that the use of signed exact English would enhance opportunities for inclusion for those with hearing impairments and that programmes of teacher training need to take account of persuasive research in this area. The article closes with a plea for further research, carried out collaboratively by educationalists, linguists, teacher trainers and practitioners, to develop policies and practices suited to more inclusive futures. The article is based on a paper presented to the International Conference on Inclusive Education run by Maseno University in September 2002.     

健听大学生与听障大学生人格特征的比较研究

本研究采用问卷调查的方法考察了健听大学生与听障大学生在人格特点上的关系。结果发现 :两类大学生在 16种人格因素中有 4种人格因素差异显著 ,有 3种人格因素差异极其显著 ;在 16种人格因素的综合应用中 ,除新环境中成长能力因素外 ,其它 3种因素均差异显著。     

听力障碍儿童的言语异常与言语矫治

随着社会福利制度的逐步完善,以及人们对残障儿童日益增多的关注,因此对听力障碍儿童的治疗也逐步重视起来,然而人们对听力障碍儿童的言语异常情形及言语矫治方法的认识仍存在些许问题。本文拟从听力障碍儿童言语异常的产生、原因及其矫治方法的角度来探讨。     

4-6岁听障与健听儿童语用交流行为之比较

本文在半结构环境下,采用国际上通用的儿童语言资料转换系统-CHIDES、母子言语互动交流行为编码系统-INCA-A、以及CLAN数据分析程序对4-6岁重度听障儿童与同龄健听儿童语用交流行为进行比较研究.发现:(1)4-6岁重度听障儿童与同龄健听儿童的语用交流行为随着年龄增长稳步发展.在言语倾向、言语行动、言语变通三个层面上二者均存在主要类型;(2)与同龄健听儿童相比,4-6岁重度听障儿童语用交流行为发展滞后,主要体现在注意系统、情绪系统、讨论与协商系统、澄清系统,表现为被动的应答,无法主动表达自己的交流意图、主导社会互动的方向     

聋生心理健康现状与体育干预

文章针对聋生这一群体,探讨常规体育锻炼项目对缓解他们心理压力的效果。对西安市120名聋生的实验数据经SPSS11.5工具分析,结果表明：聋生存在广泛的心理问题,学历差异是影响聋生心理健康的重要因素之一,高中生心理健康水平较初中生低,男生心理问题较女生突出;篮球、健美操干预缓解了聋生的各种心理症状,提高了聋生心理健康水平,对聋生的冲动倾向、自责倾向帮助却不显著;健美操项目对女生心理健康发展的促进作用更大。     

How Students without Special Needs Perceive Social Inclusion of Children with Physical Impairments in Mainstream Schools: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT

Despite the importance of students without special needs’ perspectives in promoting successful social inclusion strategies in the classroom, their perspectives are not well represented in the literature. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarise the perspectives of students without special needs around the social inclusion of students with physical impairments in mainstream classrooms, describe factors impacting these perspectives and identify research gaps. Five databases were searched and 6229 articles were screened for eligibility. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The findings suggest that students without special needs avoid interacting with students with physical impairments, and are less accepting and less willing to befriend a student with a physical impairment. Combined, there were 13 individual, interpersonal and contextual factors influencing these perspectives, which should be considered to inform future inclusion practices.     

随班就读听障学生及其教师的APHAB量表调查研究

调查并比较随班就读听障学生及其教师对听障学生日常生活交流困难的感知情况。采用改良的助听器效果评估简表 (APHAB量表 )调查听障学生及其教师。结果发现随班就读听障学生自身及其教师对交流困难的感知情况在交谈舒适度 (EC)和背景噪声 (BN)两类问题上的感知差异有统计学意义。提出应该重视对随班就读听障学生的教师关于听力损失相关常识的教育 ,以促进听障学生成功地随班就读。     

人工耳蜗儿童、助听器儿童与健听儿童音位对比识别能力比较研究

本研究采用两因素混合实验设计,探讨人工耳蜗儿童、助听器儿童及健听儿童韵母音位及声母音位对比识别的差异.研究结果表明:(1)当人工耳蜗组的重建听阈与助听器组的补偿听阈都处于适合及最适水平时,两组儿童音位识别能力在各组音位对比识别上均不存在显著差异;(2)人工耳蜗儿童音位对比识别显著落后于同龄健听儿童,韵母和声母平均值分别落后12.71%和12.85%;(3)助听器儿童音位对比识别显著落后于同龄健听儿童,韵母和声母分别落后11.54%和11.26%;(4)无论是人工耳蜗儿童还是助听器儿童,前鼻音与后鼻音组韵母音位对及卷舌音与非卷舌音声母音位对都是最难识别内容.     

听障学生主观幸福感与社会支持现状调查

对366名听障学生采用"情感平衡量表"、"青少年学生生活满意度量表"、"领悟社会支持量表"进行调查,以探讨听障学生主观幸福感与社会支持的状况。结果表明,听障学生满意度最高的是家庭和友谊满意度,最低的是自由和环境满意度;听障小学生的主观幸福感显著高于听障初中生和高中生;在主观幸福感和领悟社会支持上,听障学生均表现出家庭结构等方面的差异。     

流动儿童与城市儿童社会认知特点比较

采用整群抽样的方法,对浙江省某市450名城市儿童和434名流动儿童的社会认知进行问卷调查.结果表明:流动儿童社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市儿童(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,男生社会认知三个因子得分均低于女生(P值均0.05),流动男生归因和社会认知结构两个因子得分均低于城市男生(P值均0.05),流动女生社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市女生(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,社会认知三个因子得分均存在年级差异(P值均0.05).三个年级流动儿童均有单个因子得分低于城市儿童的现象(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,社会认知三个因子得分均不存在抚养人差异(P值均0.05),但当抚养人是父母时,流动儿童社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市儿童(P值均0.05).因此,应加强对流动儿童,尤其是流动男性儿童社会认知方面的教育和引导.     

Self-esteem,Locus of Control and Various Aspects of Psychopathology of Adults with Visual Impairments

The exploratory study presented in this article looks into the possible differences in psychosocial aspects (self-esteem and locus of control) and aspects of psychopathology (depression, anxiety, melancholia, asthenia, and mania) amongst sighted adults and adults with visual impairments. Moreover, the study aims to examine the possible correlations between psychosocial aspects and aspects of psychopathology of adults with visual impairments. Furthermore, this study examines the possible relationships between the above psychological aspects and the individual features of the participants (age, gender, age at onset of visual impairments, how recent the loss of vision is, marital status, employment status, and ability of independent mobility). One hundred and forty-eight adults participated in the study: 55 adults with visual impairments and 93 sighted adults. The research was based upon the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Rotter’s Internal–External Locus of Control Scale, and the Symptoms Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety. The results reveal correlations between psychosocial aspects and psychopathology of adults with visual impairments. Moreover, the individual features influence the psychosocial aspects and psychopathology of the participants.     

Stress and Social Support in Fathers and Mothers of Young Children with and without Disabilities

This study compared perceived stress and social support in fathers and mothers of children with and without disabilities. The sample consisted of 15 families with special needs children and 15 with children with no known handicapping conditions. The Parent Stress Index and a parental questionnaire were used. Findings indicated higher perceived stress in families with special needs children. Within these families no significant differences were found between fathers' and mothers' perceived stress. Significant negative correlations were found between families' stress and support received from fiends and relatives. Negative correlations were found for mothers' stress in Child Domain and support from the community. Implications include planning for active engagement of fathers in all areas of service delivery in early intervention programs, including encouragement for more participation in programming; opening a direct line of communication through designing tailored workshops, support groups and counseling; recognizing fathers' strengths beyond their traditional roles; and viewing them as an additional emotional source of support for mothers.     

Stress and Social Support in Fathers and Mothers of Young Children with and without Disabilities

This study compared perceived stress and social support in fathers and mothers of children with and without disabilities. The sample consisted of 15 families with special needs children and 15 with children with no known handicapping conditions. The Parent Stress Index and a parental questionnaire were used. Findings indicated higher perceived stress in families with special needs children. Within these families no significant differences were found between fathers' and mothers' perceived stress. Significant negative correlations were found between families' stress and support received from fiends and relatives. Negative correlations were found for mothers' stress in Child Domain and support from the community. Implications include planning for active engagement of fathers in all areas of service delivery in early intervention programs, including encouragement for more participation in programming; opening a direct line of communication through designing tailored workshops, support groups and counseling; recognizing fathers' strengths beyond their traditional roles; and viewing them as an additional emotional source of support for mothers.     

学习困难儿童社会目标、社会行为和同伴接纳的关系研究

随着社会信息加工心理学的崛起,人们开始用社会信息加工过程中可能存在的障碍来理解学习困难儿童的社会性发展.以往对学习困难儿童的社会目标、社会行为和同伴接纳的研究主要考察两两之间的关系,本研究用社会信息加工模型来系统考察三者之间的关系.研究发现:(1)学习困难儿童的社会目标存在年级差异;(2)学习困难儿童自我报告的攻击行为存在年级差异;(3)学习困难儿童同伴评定的攻击行为存在性别差异;(4)在敌意和非敌意归因情境下,学习困难儿童的社会目标对社会行为和同伴接纳都有影响,从而为教育者通过干预学习困难儿童的社会目标来改善他们的社会行为和人际关系提供理论依据.     

特许状：大学学术自由的张力和社会控制的平衡

接受法律的规制是大学组织获得合法性的必要条件．而如何保证大学学术自由的张力和社会控制之间的平衡,则是管理的关键。特许状是欧洲大学最古老的合法性文件,今天仍然是西方一些大学获得合法性的法律文件。欧洲大学特许状是大学与当局长期博弈的结果,体现出契约、理性和宪政的管理理念。特许状的出现使西方社会对大学的管理方式走向了法制化的轨道,并为大学的学术自由和组织自治提供了法律保障,为西方大学的良性发展奠定了法治基础。特许状所体现出的西方社会对大学的管理理念对我们建设现代大学制度具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Social Science Boot Camp: Development and Assessment of a Foundational Course on Academic Literacy in the Social Sciences

We developed a course, as part of our institution's core program, which provides students with a foundation in academic literacy in the social sciences: how to find, read, critically assess, and communicate about social science research. It is not a research methods course; rather, it is intended to introduce students to the social sciences and be better consumers of social science research. In this article, we describe the key learning objectives of this course, the basic content areas, and some of the innovative teaching and learning strategies used in the course. We also provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the course in meeting its learning objectives and of student responses to the course. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges in developing interdisciplinary core courses and offer suggestions for best practices for teaching social science literacy as part of the core curriculum.