运用手语故事引导聋学生自主阅读的研究与实践

阅读是聋学生形成和发展汉语言能力的一个重要途径,但阅读的持久进行必须依靠阅读时产生的愉悦。手语故事形象生动,容易理解,受到聋学生的喜爱,是引导和帮助聋学生找到阅读乐趣的有效方法。在教育教学中,通过手语故事引导和帮助聋学生自主阅读,又通过自主阅读引导他们讲好手语故事,形成良性循环。这一方法使学生的阅读始终伴随着丰富生动的故事情节,有效地改变了聋学生阅读低效或无效的状态,帮助他们获得了阅读的快乐,使他们逐步形成了自主阅读的习惯和能力。     

Integration and Segregation in Mainstreaming Programs for Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairments

This article describes an investigation of 26 mainstreaming programs for students with hearing impairments from pre‐kindergarten through high school. The purpose of the study was to examine selection criteria, quality and quantity of mainstreaming time, and available support services. Students were found to be mainstreamed according to a number of criteria reported in the literature such as academic performance, hearing loss, and interpersonal skills, but also were affected by the willingness of regular education teachers to accept them into their classrooms. Academic mainstreaming was infrequent, and classroom observations showed that children with hearing impairments often appeared to be not well integrated into classroom activities. Programs varied considerably on all variables examined, including support services; in particular sign language interpreting was offered in some programs, available to a limited extent in others, but in many cases not at all. Clearer definitions of mainstreaming are a necessity and regular education teachers need to be informed of the special requirements of children with hearing impairments.     

The Concept of Inclusive Education: Teacher Training and Acquisition of English Language in the Hearing Impaired

Three languages are widely used in schools in Kenya – English, Kiswahili and Kenya Sign Language. Many pupils with hearing impairments are taught separately from the mainstream, in specialist settings. The fact that most of the formal teaching, assessment and examination processes in Kenyan schools rely upon spoken and written English compounds the separation of these pupils from the mainstream of education and, potentially, from the mainstream of society. In this article, Gertrude Wamae, graduate assistant in the Department of English and Linguistics at Kenyatta University, and Rachael Kang'ethe-Kamau, lecturer in the Department of Special Education at Kenyatta University, discuss the relationships between language, hearing impairment and inclusion in the Kenyan context. The article suggests that the use of signed exact English would enhance opportunities for inclusion for those with hearing impairments and that programmes of teacher training need to take account of persuasive research in this area. The article closes with a plea for further research, carried out collaboratively by educationalists, linguists, teacher trainers and practitioners, to develop policies and practices suited to more inclusive futures. The article is based on a paper presented to the International Conference on Inclusive Education run by Maseno University in September 2002.     

健听大学生与听障大学生人格特征的比较研究

本研究采用问卷调查的方法考察了健听大学生与听障大学生在人格特点上的关系。结果发现 :两类大学生在 16种人格因素中有 4种人格因素差异显著 ,有 3种人格因素差异极其显著 ;在 16种人格因素的综合应用中 ,除新环境中成长能力因素外 ,其它 3种因素均差异显著。     

听力障碍儿童的言语异常与言语矫治

随着社会福利制度的逐步完善,以及人们对残障儿童日益增多的关注,因此对听力障碍儿童的治疗也逐步重视起来,然而人们对听力障碍儿童的言语异常情形及言语矫治方法的认识仍存在些许问题。本文拟从听力障碍儿童言语异常的产生、原因及其矫治方法的角度来探讨。     

聋生心理健康现状与体育干预

文章针对聋生这一群体,探讨常规体育锻炼项目对缓解他们心理压力的效果。对西安市120名聋生的实验数据经SPSS11.5工具分析,结果表明：聋生存在广泛的心理问题,学历差异是影响聋生心理健康的重要因素之一,高中生心理健康水平较初中生低,男生心理问题较女生突出;篮球、健美操干预缓解了聋生的各种心理症状,提高了聋生心理健康水平,对聋生的冲动倾向、自责倾向帮助却不显著;健美操项目对女生心理健康发展的促进作用更大。     

随班就读听障学生及其教师的APHAB量表调查研究

调查并比较随班就读听障学生及其教师对听障学生日常生活交流困难的感知情况。采用改良的助听器效果评估简表 (APHAB量表 )调查听障学生及其教师。结果发现随班就读听障学生自身及其教师对交流困难的感知情况在交谈舒适度 (EC)和背景噪声 (BN)两类问题上的感知差异有统计学意义。提出应该重视对随班就读听障学生的教师关于听力损失相关常识的教育 ,以促进听障学生成功地随班就读。     

人工耳蜗儿童、助听器儿童与健听儿童音位对比识别能力比较研究

本研究采用两因素混合实验设计,探讨人工耳蜗儿童、助听器儿童及健听儿童韵母音位及声母音位对比识别的差异.研究结果表明:(1)当人工耳蜗组的重建听阈与助听器组的补偿听阈都处于适合及最适水平时,两组儿童音位识别能力在各组音位对比识别上均不存在显著差异;(2)人工耳蜗儿童音位对比识别显著落后于同龄健听儿童,韵母和声母平均值分别落后12.71%和12.85%;(3)助听器儿童音位对比识别显著落后于同龄健听儿童,韵母和声母分别落后11.54%和11.26%;(4)无论是人工耳蜗儿童还是助听器儿童,前鼻音与后鼻音组韵母音位对及卷舌音与非卷舌音声母音位对都是最难识别内容.     

流动儿童与城市儿童社会认知特点比较

采用整群抽样的方法,对浙江省某市450名城市儿童和434名流动儿童的社会认知进行问卷调查.结果表明:流动儿童社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市儿童(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,男生社会认知三个因子得分均低于女生(P值均0.05),流动男生归因和社会认知结构两个因子得分均低于城市男生(P值均0.05),流动女生社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市女生(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,社会认知三个因子得分均存在年级差异(P值均0.05).三个年级流动儿童均有单个因子得分低于城市儿童的现象(P值均0.05);两组儿童总体,社会认知三个因子得分均不存在抚养人差异(P值均0.05),但当抚养人是父母时,流动儿童社会认知三个因子得分均低于城市儿童(P值均0.05).因此,应加强对流动儿童,尤其是流动男性儿童社会认知方面的教育和引导.     

学习困难儿童社会目标、社会行为和同伴接纳的关系研究

随着社会信息加工心理学的崛起,人们开始用社会信息加工过程中可能存在的障碍来理解学习困难儿童的社会性发展.以往对学习困难儿童的社会目标、社会行为和同伴接纳的研究主要考察两两之间的关系,本研究用社会信息加工模型来系统考察三者之间的关系.研究发现:(1)学习困难儿童的社会目标存在年级差异;(2)学习困难儿童自我报告的攻击行为存在年级差异;(3)学习困难儿童同伴评定的攻击行为存在性别差异;(4)在敌意和非敌意归因情境下,学习困难儿童的社会目标对社会行为和同伴接纳都有影响,从而为教育者通过干预学习困难儿童的社会目标来改善他们的社会行为和人际关系提供理论依据.     

特许状：大学学术自由的张力和社会控制的平衡

接受法律的规制是大学组织获得合法性的必要条件．而如何保证大学学术自由的张力和社会控制之间的平衡,则是管理的关键。特许状是欧洲大学最古老的合法性文件,今天仍然是西方一些大学获得合法性的法律文件。欧洲大学特许状是大学与当局长期博弈的结果,体现出契约、理性和宪政的管理理念。特许状的出现使西方社会对大学的管理方式走向了法制化的轨道,并为大学的学术自由和组织自治提供了法律保障,为西方大学的良性发展奠定了法治基础。特许状所体现出的西方社会对大学的管理理念对我们建设现代大学制度具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Cross-Racial Friendships and Social Distance Between Racial Groups on a College Campus

This study examined the effectiveness of curriculum-focused diversity initiatives on a college campus by determining the relationships between GPA, social class, year in school, residential status, racial diversity courses taken, and cross-racial friendships on the level of social distance between Whites-Blacks, Whites-Hispanics, Hispanics-Whites, Hispanics-Blacks, Blacks-Whites, and Blacks-Hispanics. The data suggest that, while the institution does a good job of bringing diverse groups of students to the campus, it does not effectively reduce the level of social distance among many members of the different racial groups on campus. Using the Intergroup Contact Hypothesis, the article concludes by suggesting means by which social distance among racial groups on campus might be decreased.     

韩国移民儿童社会融入:困境及解决策略

韩国作为多民族国家,移民儿童的大量流入使其文化多元的态势愈加明显,移民儿童的社会融入度关系到其社会发展的未来走向.文化融入、教育融入和心理融入是韩国移民儿童社会融入的三个主要向度.文化适应压力、语言障碍、身份认同困难是韩国移民儿童社会融入的主要问题.韩国通过建立基于语言教育的社会支持体系、实施基于文化接纳的多元文化教育...     

学业不良儿童与普通儿童社会支持的对比研究

社会支持是学业不良儿童社会性发展研究的重要内容,本文采用问卷法对189名学业不良儿童和205名普通儿童进行对比研究,结果表明:(1)学业不良儿童在获得父母亲、教师和同性朋友的总体社会支持上均少于普通儿童,并且在母亲支持和教师支持上存在显著差异;(2)在父母和教师的多项具体社会支持内容上,学业不良儿童的得分也显著低于普通儿童;(3)学业不良儿童更倾向于从异性朋友那里获得陪伴娱乐性支持和亲密感。     

多媒体和视频会议系统在听障生教学中的应用

在分析听障生认知特点的基础上,利用多媒体和视频会议技术来补偿他们的生理缺陷,发挥他们的视觉优势,增长他们见识,开阔他们的视野,激发他们的学习兴趣,达到良好的教学效果,资源共享,降低教育成本。     

城市流动儿童的社会融合与政策取向：一个个案研究

调查结果显示,57%的流动儿童的同学关系比较融洽,36%的流动儿童的同学关系不好,7%的流动儿童的同学关系一般.大部分在公立学校就学的流动儿童的同学关系比较融洽,与城市当地学生的关系也比较好,但也有部分流动儿童有自卑感、孤僻感和受歧视感.同质交往是公立学校就学流动儿童的交往特征,他们交往的主要对象是同为流动儿童性质的同学和邻居.在私立学校就学的流动儿童内部整合程度较高,出现了程度较高的文化融合.但是,这个群体的流动儿童很容易与城市当地儿童发生冲突.调查结果证实了家庭经济地位、文化差异和空间隔离对社会融合的影响.     

以书证融通构建高职商务英语课程体系实践探索

在1+X证书制度背景下,通过书证融通,将职业技术等级证书的等级标准、培训内容、评价考核等融入到学历教育的课程之中,推进学历证书与职业技能等级证书的有效衔接。并结合商务英语复合性的特点,通过与专业群的合作,构建“书证融通+模块化课程”的课程体系。     

Social engagement, attention and competence of preschoolers with hearing loss

The social engagement, social attention skills and social competence of 10 hearing preschoolers and 10 preschoolers with hearing loss were investigated during free play in inclusive oral kindergarten settings using a three-level hierarchical model. When comparing the types of opportunities, at the first level, the children with hearing loss created significantly fewer opportunities through visual regard and interaction. At the second level, for social attention skills, this group scored significantly higher on distractibility, and significantly lower on alert, sustained and focused attention. For the third level, social competence, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. Discriminant Function Analysis showed that the function that discriminated maximally between the two groups of participants was composed only of amount of interaction at Level 1. Children scoring highly on this function were also more likely to have the ability to focus their attention and manage divided attention, to be reciprocal, and to demonstrate mutuality and problem-solving skills with peers.     

农村留守儿童社会支持与孤独感的关系

通过对264名留守儿童和213名非留守儿童进行问卷调查,探讨了不同情况下,社会支持对留守儿童孤独感的影响.结果表明:留守与非留守儿童在孤独感上没有显著差异;同学支持和母亲支持对非留守儿童的孤独感有显著负向影响,而同学支持、父亲支持和教师支持同时对留守儿童的孤独感具有显著负向影响;高自尊组留守儿童的孤独感显著低于低自尊组;只有同学支持对于低自尊组留守儿童的孤独感具有显著负向影响,而同学支持和教师支持同时对高自尊组留守儿童的孤独感也具有显著负向影响.     

听觉障碍儿童的家庭应对和以家庭为中心的早期干预

儿童的听觉障碍不仅是儿童的,也是家庭的,它会影响家庭所有的成员和家庭生活的各个方面.本文本着支持儿童必须从支持家庭开始的理念,综述了西方国家近年来有关听觉障碍儿童家庭应对以及以家庭为中心早期干预的研究和研究结果,总结了家庭应对儿童听觉障碍的困难、策略,介绍了以家庭为中心早期干预的主要特点,旨在从理论上和实践上对我国听觉障碍儿童的早期干预和家庭支持提供一些借鉴.