The needs of postbirth parents: an international, multisite study

Health care reform has moved postbirth care into the community without assessment of how this may change parents' needs. Mother-father pairs (n = 117) in six sites in four countries were interviewed at 5 to 10 days postbirth and again between 6 and 8 weeks postbirth to determine their needs. Content analysis revealed both parents in all sites had a strong focus on self-needs throughout the postbirth period. Postpartum programs oriented solely to family-centered care may not meet the specific needs of contemporary parents.     

Reflections on Policy:

No abstract available for this article.     

Chapter 12: A Runner's Journey

Summary

This case study illustrates the value of intermittent, brief psychotherapy applied over an extended period of time. The client, an undergraduate student athlete, presented with issues related to her athletic performance, claiming to “have lost my focus and desire.” Underlying that concern, however, were a host of other clinical concerns, including unresolved grief, family issues, individuation, and eating disordered behavior. The following case study traces the course of treatment while demonstrating the value of a staged pattern of therapeutic encounters.     

Influence of mothers' education on children's maths achievement in Kenya

Research shows that fathers' level of education predicts achievement of both boys and girls, with significantly greater effect for boys. Similarly, mothers' level of education predicts the achievement of girls but not boys. This study tests the mother–child education achievement hypothesis, by examining the effect of mothers' education on the maths test score of children, using data from 71 schools across 6 districts in Kenya. The findings of a multilevel random intercept model, based on a sample of 1907 learners reveal surprisingly negative effect of mothers' education on pupil's achievement, with an interaction effect of mother's and father's education being positive.     

Demographic variables and fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities is correlated with some of the demographic variables. Data were collected from 243 Polish fathers who were married and who had at least one child with disabilities. The issue was assessed by two measures: a Questionnaire and the Father Involvement Scale. The results of the multiple regression show that fathers' involvement is significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the level of fathers' concentration on the needs of their child with disabilities, the level of fathers' cooperation with their wives, the number of years during which parents cared for a child with disabilities, time devoted by fathers daily for their child with disabilities, fathers' self‐esteem, fathers' education, the level of disability of a child, the level of fathers' skills in dealing with their child with disabilities and the level of fathers' knowledge about their child with disabilities. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://youtu.be/XpTojch0j9Y     

The influence of childhood polyvictimization on disordered eating symptoms in emerging adulthood

Children who endure multiple victimization experiences, or “polyvictims," are vulnerable to maladaptive outcomes. Yet, little research exists evaluating the relationship between childhood polyvictimization and disordered eating symptoms (DES) in emerging adulthood. The current study examines the relationship between childhood polyvictimization and DES in emerging adults. Data were collected from 288 participants across two universities using online self-report measures. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant positive relationship between number of childhood victimization experiences and DES in young adulthood (ß = 0.14; p = 0.016). Female participants were more likely to demonstrate DES (ß = 0.14; p = 0.008). Further, high levels of emotion dysregulation during young adulthood were associated with more DES (ß = 0.33; p < 0.001). Findings suggest that exposure to victimization experiences in childhood increases individuals’ risk for exhibiting DES in young adulthood. Results also highlight the strong relationship between individuals’ emotion regulation abilities and the presence of DES. Findings align with the theory that children who have endured high levels of victimization often feel overwhelmed by their emotions and circumstances, demonstrate emotion regulation difficulties, and may rely on maladaptive coping strategies, including disordered eating, to manage adversities. Study results emphasize the importance of considering victimization history when working with emerging adults displaying disordered eating symptomatology.     

IPv6: The next generation Internet Protocol

IPv4, the workhorse protocol of the currently popular TCP/ IP protocol suite, is fast becoming obsolete. The exponential growth of the Internet is the main reason that has required the creation of the next generation of Internet Protocol-IPv6. IPv6 is much more flexible and promises to take care of the address space and security issues in the foreseeable future. Part 1 of the paper lays the foundation of the various issues involved in designing the Internet Protocol and motivates the need for an upgraded version of this protocol.     

Context of academic achievement: lessons from Hong Kong

Vygotsky speculated that parents play an important role in the intellectual development of their children, and that this role includes the transfer of expectations related to their children's academic achievement. Consequently, different parents can produce different contexts of academic achievement for their children. The participants were 215 Primary 5 and 6 students from four primary schools in Hong Kong, and their parents. Students were administered a test of working memory and their academic achievement was indicated by their school‐assessed mathematics and language achievement scores. Parents reported their expectations of their children's academic achievement, the extent of their home and school involvement, and their educational and income levels. Correlational and sequential regression analyses showed that different schools yielded different contexts of academic achievement. The results support the hypothesis that parents, and especially parental expectations, play an important role in children's academic achievement, and that within Hong Kong different schools can be characterised by different contexts of achievement.     

Parents’/carers’ perceptions and experiences of growing,preparing and eating their own fruit and vegetables as part of the ‘Field to Fork’ project

This paper reports research into a project to encourage KS1 and KS2 pupils to eat more healthily by supporting their families to grow their own fruit and vegetables at home. Participants were recruited through a Primary School Trust comprising four primary schools in the North West of England. They were given practical support to enable them to grow fruit and vegetables. The findings of pre-programme focus groups with parents/carers suggested families tended not to eat the daily government-recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables; cost, time and knowledge being the main inhibitors. With resources, knowledge and support most participants were enabled to grow their own fruit and vegetables leading to increased consumption. Availability to and familiarity with fresh fruit and vegetables by tending and growing them first-hand was shown to increase their consumption.     

父母教养方式对3～6岁幼儿责任心发展的影响

本研究通过对大连市3所幼儿园3￣6岁382名幼儿责任心及其父母教养方式的问卷调查,探讨了父母教养方式对幼儿责任心发展的影响。结果表明父母教养方式是影响幼儿责任心发展的重要因素。民主性父母教养方式容易促进幼儿责任心良好发展;溺爱性、放任性、专制性和不一致性父母教养方式容易导致幼儿责任心不良发展。     

Home and Parental Influences on the Achievement of Lower Primary School Children in Singapore

This study investigated the effects of home environment and parental involvement in the achievement of pupils in the lower primary classes in nine schools found in four zones in Singapore. In total, 3,759 pupils and their parents participated in the study. The study was designed to answer four main questions relating to the effects of the home environment (SES, time engaged in television viewing, reading, school work and ethnicity of parents) and parental involvement in the children's school work and in other school matters. The findings indicated that significant differences in achievement were found for all combinations of SES categories and between most ethnic groups. A higher percentage of high-achieving pupils spent more time on television viewing, reading and school work. Parents of high-achieving children were more anxious about maximising every opportunity for their children including those not directly related to school work.     

Contested spaces: trans-inclusive school policies and parental sovereignty in Canada

ABSTRACT

This article analyses five public consultation meetings about revisions to an LGBTQ-related school board policy on unceded Coast Salish territory in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. These meetings focused largely on the new provision that students in publicly funded schools be allowed to use the washroom that corresponds with their gender identity. Almost all of the objections to the policy revisions were articulated by parents of non-queer, or not openly queer students. We found that these parental concerns centred around two perennial issues in Canadian educational studies; namely, how schools regulate students’ gender identities and expressions, and the role of the state in publicly funded schooling. We conclude by drawing upon emerging literature on best practices for trans youth in schools to offer alternative visions for how these issues can be better addressed with the public, and parents in particular.     

The association between private tutoring and access to grammar schools: Voices of Year 6 pupils and teachers in south-east England

England has experienced recent growth in the prevalence of private tutoring (PT). The qualitative study reported in this article aims to explore the perceptions of 14 Year 6 pupils and their teachers from three state-maintained primary schools in East Kent on PT participation and its impact on grammar school admissions. Data were collected through individual and focus group interviews and pupils' drawings. The data revealed that teachers were not totally aware of the scale of PT in their classes and ascribed PT merely to parental decision to prepare their child to pass the 11-plus, grammar school entrance test. However, some pupils indicated that they shared in the decision to have PT, affirming that it was not only for 11-plus test familiarisation and practice. PT also contributed to greater pupil confidence, involvement and enthusiasm for learning, together with improvement in social interactive skills (i.e. intangible benefits). Both teachers and pupils also explained the disadvantages of PT, including the psychological and financial burdens on the whole family and changing the playing field level. Teachers proposed some solutions to help Year 6 pupils without PT. From this qualitative study, pedagogical implications as well as areas for ongoing research are suggested.     

Recalled test anxiety in relation to achievement,in the context of general academic self-concept,study habits,parental involvement and socio-economic status among Grade 6 Ethiopian students

The study investigated the predictive nature of test anxiety on achievement in the presence of perceived general academic self-concept, study habits, parental involvement in children's learning and socio-economic status. From a population of 2482 Grade 6 students from seven government primary schools of a sub-city in Addis Ababa, 497 participants were randomly selected, namely 248 boys and 249 girls. The mean age of the participants was 12.98 years. An adapted version of Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale (28 items), plus the General Academic Self-Concept Scale (18 items), and Parental Involvement (10 items), Study Habits (10 items) and Socio-Economic Status (10 items) scales developed by the authors were the instruments of the study. The findings of the study indicated: (a) test anxiety correlated with achievement with a weak correlation of ?0.186; and (b) perceived general academic self-concept and study habits were positively and significantly related to achievement. Stepwise multiple regression on achievement resulted in the selection of general academic self-concept, study habits and parental involvement as significant contributors to achievement in that order. Test anxiety was found to be a non-predictor of achievement in the presence of other variables.     

Electronic structure and magnetism ofRMn6Sn6 (R=Tb, Dy)

This article reports first-principles band structure calculations forRMn₆Sn₆ (R=Tb, Dy). The calculation uses the linear muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) method in the atomic-sphere-approximation (ASA), and yields results showing that both TbMn₆Sn₆ and DyMn₆Sn₆ are ferrimagnetic compounds with antiparallel aligned moments ofR and Mn atoms. In this research the 4f states ofR atoms are treated as localized states, i.e., the hybridization of 4f states with other valence electrons is neglected. The moments of Mn in both compounds were determined to be 2.43 μ_B and 2.38 μ_B, respectively. The considerably small additional moments for Mn from the spin-orbit coupling indicates that the spin-orbital coupling is not dominated for Mn atoms. The total moments of Tb and Dy atoms are 10.28 μ_B and 11.20 μ_B. All the calculation findings accorded well with experimental results. Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry of China.     

成人视角下的儿童本位:以林良散文《小太阳》为例

《小太阳》是林良以成人视角构思的散文集。首先,作者通过话语权的转交,让儿童发出了自己的"声音";其次,引号的运用更好地践行了作者的"浅语"主张,真正以儿童能够接受的语言来写作,而独立的时空叙事使得读者不会因为时代而产生隔阂;最后,林良还最大程度地实现了作品的"柔软性",使其带上了更多的童话色彩。《小太阳》因此也获得了长久性的文学价值。     

“五四”前后周作人与李大钊往来考——以《周作人日记》为中心

《周作人日记》有许多关于李大钊的记录。在1927年4月28日李大钊牺牲之前,周作人在日记中一共记录了45条与李大钊有关的内容,其中,1919年22条,1920年18条,1921年3条,1922年2条。1923-1927年无相关记录,李大钊牺牲后,《周作人日记》中再次出现关于李大钊的记录。从以上统计中可以看出,李大钊与周作人的交往时间只维持了短短的4年,交往频次呈递减趋势,而且后两年交往次数更是断崖式下跌,以至最终断了往来。"五四"前后周作人与李大钊这段人生轨迹的短暂交集,可以用北大同事、新文化运动健将、新村运动的同志三个方面来概括。     

识解理论视域下《诗经·子衿》英译本的译者主体性研究

选用认知语言学的识解理论对《诗经·子衿》多个英译本进行分析,探讨译者主体性在翻译活动中所体现的差异和变化,用识解五要素诠释造成这些差异的认知规律与深层原因。研究发现：基于不同的辖域与背景知识,译者会选择不同的视角观察和描述同一事物或情景,且在描述事件时有详有略,并运用不同的突显构建情景,因此译者在翻译语言的认知加工过程中表现为对同一源文本有不同的解读和翻译。此结论进一步证实了认知语言学识解理论在典籍翻译中的解释力与可行性,同时有助于丰富认知翻译研究,以及补充和深化《诗经》的翻译研究。     

《今年的选举》中的毛泽东民主选举思想探析

在《今年的选举》这篇报告中,毛泽东详细论述了他有关民主选举的深刻思考,其中主要包括民主选举的重大意义、民主选举的保障条件以及民主选举的重要问题三个方面,集中体现了毛泽东民主选举思想的全过程性、阶级性、人民性以及程序性,这不仅在当时具有重大的指导意义,而且在新时代也能为发展和完善民主选举提供深刻的启示,即必须坚持党的领导、坚持人民当家作主、完善相关法律法规、发展全过程人民民主以及动员群众监督政府。     

“双性同体”视角下的儿童文学翻译研究——以The Wizard of Oz为例

一些研究表明,表现出"双性化"人格的个体具备男女两性都具有的优秀气质特征,如自信、独立、沉稳、成熟等。文章从"双性同体"角度探讨儿童文学翻译中的性别气质,并通过对《绿野仙踪》两个译本的对比分析,说明儿童文学译者应充分合理地展现原作所体现的女性和男性气质,以便对儿童的"双性化"气质培养产生积极的影响。