美国中小学生创造力评价探析

美国于20世纪50年代开始对创造力进行研究,其中对中小学生创造力的评价是该研究领域的重点。创造力的内涵包括产生观点、考查观点、探索观点和自我理解与控制。创造力评价的研究集中在信息类型、评价方法和工具编制等方面。创造力评价的结果已被广泛应用于美国中小学课程设计之中,作为学生创造力培养的重要依据。我国应在构建创造力评价的指标体系、开发科学的评价工具、发挥评价在创新人才培养中的引导作用等方面予以借鉴。     

浅谈学生思维创造性及培养

本文根据思维创造性的概念及其特点,从四个方面简要论述了“高职”理工科学生思维创造性的培养问题。     

试论初等教育师范生评价能力的培养

小学教师的教育评价能力,是初等教育师范生执教的基本素养之一。初等教育师范生评价能力的培养模式可以分为三个模块——知识的学习、技能的掌握、价值观的确立,并依据此模式对初等师范教育的课程设置和教学方法提出合理化建议,以有效提高初等教育师范生的评价能力。     

The Relations Between Number Property Strategies,Working Memory,and Multiplication in Elementary Students

This study aimed to examine the relations among property strategies, working memory, and multiplication tasks with 101 Chinese fourth-grade students. Two multiplication property strategies (associative and distributive) were compared with no strategy and demonstrated differentiated effects on students’ accuracy and reaction time. Associative property strategy outperformed the distributive strategy and no strategy on the measures of accuracy and reaction time. The findings support the problem difficulty effect. The findings indicate that if a strategy does not necessarily simplify a problem, it might not help to enhance accuracy, suggesting that multiplication property strategies should be used with respect to the structural features of the problems. Among more difficult problems, visuospatial sketchpad consistently explained unique variances in problem accuracy.     

中小学生的基础素质及其培养

本针对应试教育的弊端和中小学素质教育的实际情况,从素质、基础素质的概念和特点入手,分析指出基础教育应重在培养中小学生的基础素质,并根据中小学生基础素质的结构提出了相应的培养原则及措施。     

大中学生创新精神的比较研究——以广东省大中学生为中心的考察

对在广东省学校随机抽取的271名大学生和628名中学生进行了创新精神问卷调查和部分访谈,结果表明：1、大学生整体创新水平较高且不存在性别差异。中学生整体创新水平较低且不存在性别差异。2、在大学生创新总分上,父学历、母学历、性别的主效应及交互效应均不显著。中学生创新水平父学历的主效应显著,父学历与母学历的交互效应极其显著。3、＂学校影响＂对大学生创新精神的预测力最佳,其次为＂课堂影响＂。＂老师影响＂对中学生创新精神的预测力最佳,其次为＂同伴影响＂,再次为＂学校影响＂,最后为＂父母影响＂。     

培养和提高学生想象力的方法

想象在中学语文教学中占了非常重要的位置，本文就怎样培养和提高学生的想象力作了有益的尝试。     

A Model of Homework's Influence on the Performance Evaluations of Elementary School Students

This study was the first to test a model of the influence of homework on classroom performance using a sample of elementary school students. A total of 28 teachers in Grades 2 and 4 took part in the study, along with 428 students and parents. The authors used structural equation modeling to examine relationships among variables. Student norms were positively related to the elimination of distractions from homework by parents. Positive student norms, higher student ability, and positive parent attitudes toward homework were all related to greater parent facilitation. Student's attitude toward homework was unrelated to home and community factors but was related positively to parent attitudes toward homework. Classroom grades were unrelated to student's attitude toward homework but were predicted by how much homework the student completed (even after the use of homework in grading was controlled), by student ability, and by the amount of parent facilitation. More generally, parent facilitation was an important mediator of the relation between student norms, student ability, and parent attitudes toward homework, and the outcome of classroom grades.     

Creativity,Curricula and Paradigms

What are the relations between creativity, curricula and paradigms? In this paper the historical development of major curriculum theories are interpreted in terms of their relation to creativity as a goal of organised learning. Further, the development is analysed by discussing the organising of learning for creativity from the viewpoints of different sociological paradigms. These represent mutually exclusive ways of understanding knowledge production and societal change. A synthesis of how schools try to reach creativity as a goal for organised learning, seen through the 'dark glasses' of curriculum traditions and paradigms, is presented. The paper ends with some concluding remarks regarding how creativity fits into a curriculum profile needed under the present level of economic globalisation.     

“农村中小学生进城就读”现象思考——基于赣南两县的调查

近年来,农村中小学生进城就读人数急剧增加.实地调研表明,"进城就读"现象与城市大幅扩张、城市义务教育免费政策的实施存在一定关系,但关键的因素仍是中部地区城乡教育发展差距悬殊,农村中小学教育不能很好地满足农民群众日益增长的教育需求.因此,需要正视"进城就读"现象对农村地区的影响,尽快全面提升农村学校办学条件、办学质量,实现城乡教育平衡和可持续发展.     

小学生英语学习策略发展特征的研究

以1303名小学生为研究对象,探讨了不同学校、不同年级、不同性别、小学生英语学习策略的差异。结果表明：（1）普通小学学生的学习策略频率普遍高于名牌小学的学生;在3—5年级学生群体中,年级越高,英语学习策略频率越低,6年级学生英语学习策略水平再次升高,但与3年级相比仍然较低;男生的记忆策略、认知策略、元认知策略使用频率高于女生;（2）学校、年级、性别分别都对小学生英语学习策略不同维度有不同程度的预测作用,其中,学校对小学生的记忆策略、认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略、社会策略的预测作用最大;在补偿策略上只有年级对其有预测作用。     

关于减轻中小学生学习负担的思考

虽然“减负”呼声喊了很多年,但中小学生的学习负担依然沉重,表现为绝对负担量大而心理承受力小、心理压力过大,导致学生强迫、被动地苦学、累学和厌学。其实,“减负”并不单纯是中小学生课业负担数量上的减少,更重要的是教学内容与教学方法的渐进而深刻的革新,是教育观念的变革。要攻克这个“教育顽症”,需要全社会长时间的共同努力才能奏效。     

教者创境学者创新——小学数学教学中创新意识浅析

学校是知识创新传播和应用的主要阵地,也是培养创新精神和创新人才的摇篮.小学数学作为基础教学的一门重要学科,是培养学生创新素质的主阵地.每一位数学教师如何能抓住教材中所蕴含的创造性因素,激起学生的学习情感,教师在课堂教学中如何创设富有变化且能激发新异感受的学习情境,引导他们去探索、去研究、去发现,是值得做一番研究的.     

遵循注意的规律开展小学英语课堂教学

因为英语词汇、语法的繁多,又因为受到文化差异和语言迁移的影响,天性爱玩而自信不足的小学生在学习之中难免会出现畏难的情绪,从而对英语的学习望而却步。对此,英语教师应该根据英语教学的学科所长,在教学设计中明确加入对小学生注意的思考,应用注意的规律来进行英语词汇、语法的教学,来讲解文化的差异并巧用语言的迁移,来对学生进行提问和转移学生的注意,以使小学英语课堂教学取得高效的教学成果。     

基础外语教育中交际创新能力的培养

本文提出在基础外语教育中应培养学生的交际创新能力，并对其定义、内涵、培养的步骤和策略作以介绍，以此为中国的外语教学改革提供一些更具开创性的建议。     

昆明城区中小学生心理健康状况调查研究

以《心理健康诊断测验表》（MHT）为测评工具,对昆明市4所城区中小学的548名学生进行了心理健康问卷调查,结果显示：昆明城区中小学生心理健康水平整体良好,但有三成多的学生处于心理亚健康状态;中学生心理健康水平低于小学生,其学习焦虑具有普遍性;中小学生心理健康水平无明显的性别差异,但女生的恐怖感更强。对此,学校应加强关怀、广泛教育、有效引导,采取有力措施全面提高中小学生的心理健康水平。     

中小学生参与民族传统体育的现状与对策研究

民族传统体育是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝,在我国人民日常生活中具有十分重要的作用.中小学生处于强身健体和塑造思想品德的关键时期,对中小学生参与民族传统体育的现状对策进行研究,结合现在学校教学的实际情况,提出合理化建议,有利于民族传统体育在中小学生中进一步推广,弘扬中国的传统文化.     

智力与创造力关系探究

智力和创造力的关系目前还缺乏统一的认识 ,该文首先对智力和创造力五种可能的关系进行了综合论述 ,然后作了简要评价 ,接着提出了自己对两者关系的认识。     

Improving Reading Comprehension through Holistic Intervening and Tutoring During After-School with High Risk Minority Elementary School Students

The current study took a quasi-experimental approach investigating the effect of a holistic after-school intervention, on reading comprehension measured by the Gray Oral Reading Test (GORT)-4 on at-risk students in Grade 2 through Grade 5. Analysis of Variance was used to investigate the relationship between pre- and post-intervention scores. The study showed encouraging results. The 91 student participants showed gains in their GORT-4 total scores after the intervention. Results of after-school tutoring lend support to the use of peer-tutoring in afterschool in the elementary schools. Due to the exploratory nature of the study in a single school, there are constraints on generalizability and utility of findings to other schools across the board.     

Cross-cultural examination of test anxiety among US and Singapore students on the Test Anxiety Scale for Elementary Students (TAS-E)

In the present study, the similarity of the factor structure of the Test Anxiety Scale for Elementary Students (TAS-E) and cultural and gender differences in test anxiety were examined in a sample of 1322 US and Singapore elementary students. The similarity of the factor structure of the TAS-E, a measure of test anxiety, was examined to determine whether the same test score interpretation could be made across culture and gender. Coefficient of congruence and salient variable similarity index values indicated that the pairs of matched factors (Physiological Hyperarousal, Social Concerns, Task Irrelevant Behaviour, Worry and Total Test Anxiety factors) of the TAS-E were similar across culture and gender. Results of a 2?×?2 ANOVA and 2?×?2 MANOVA with follow-up ANOVAs revealed that Singapore males scored higher than US males and US females scored higher than Singapore females on the TAS-E Total Test Anxiety scale and the Physiological Hyperarousal subscale. Singapore males also scored higher than US males on the TAS-E Worry subscale. Implications of the findings are discussed.