An investigation of the college and career counseling needs of economically disadvantaged,minority gifted students

This study is an investigation of the college and career counseling needs of economically disadvantaged, academically gifted minority students. Two groups of students were studied and compared ‐ one group of 50 low‐income students, predominantly minority, who were chosen for a special college counseling program, and a second group of 42 middle to high income students, predominantly Asian and Caucasian, who were participating in a summer academic program. Students were compared on college plans and preparations, aspirations and expectations about higher education, support from others, motivation, values, and career interests and maturity. Results showed that the gifted disadvantaged students had lower educational aspirations, felt somewhat less prepared for college and less confident about being admitted, had unrealistic ideas about how to finance college, and perceived that college life would be more frightening and lonely compared to nondisadvantaged students. Student groups were similar in motivation to attend college, support from significant others and values. Disadvantaged students had better skills related to selecting a career but expressed less confidence in making a career decision. The results suggest a need for differentiated college counseling programs for disadvantaged minority students.     

Measuring change in career counseling: Validation of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Career Futures Inventory</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Revised</Emphasis>

This retrospective chart review study examined the factor structure of the Career Futures Inventory-Revised (CFI-R; Rottinghaus et al. in J Career Assess 20:123–139, 2012) and its utility as a career counseling outcome measure using a sample of 332 clients from a university career center. The CFI-R examines career agency and other career adaptability dimensions germane to clients’ career concerns. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported the proposed factor structure. Changes in CFI-R scale scores are reported for 116 clients who received counseling. The use of the CFI-R as an effectiveness outcome measure for individual, group, and classroom career interventions is addressed.     

Chapter 7: Fostering Development

Summary

This chapter reports a case of college student psychotherapy involving short 1doses” of counseling over the course of a student's four-year college career. During treatment, the student addressed and increasingly came to terms with issues involving relationships with his family, friends, and love interests. By his own report, he gained considerably from this experience.     

Using the Wisdom Development Theory to Conceptualize Student Professionalism Development in Community Colleges

ABSTRACT

Historically, community colleges have played a vital role in career and vocational preparation for students. In today’s complex and ever-changing work environment, professionalism issues are at the forefront of employers’ concerns related to millennials and other young students and recent graduates. This issue is aggravated by the rise of social media and other trends that pose challenges related to, for example, professionalism in communication. The community college community is an excellent site for a movement towards structured professionalism training and research that is process-centered and that emphasizes lifelong learning. Drawn upon the literature review and our own experiences in career counseling, we expand on the perspectives of professionalism at the individual and group levels. And we present on how community colleges’ offices, instructors, and administrators can use the Model of Wisdom Development to understand whether and how are students developing professionalism.     

Increasing the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Nontraditional College Students

Nontraditional college students (29 women and 37 men) participated in a career counseling workshop based on Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental treatment group or a delayed-treatment control group. Results suggested that participation in the workshop had a significant, positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy of the participants (p < .05) across levels of age, sex, year in college, and family income. Results provide support for career self-efficacy theory and indicate that the career decision-making self-efficacy of nontraditional college students is amenable to change through counseling interventions.     

School Counselors' Perceptions of Career Counseling and Career Testing: Preferences, Priorities, and Predictors

Limited information on the actual and preferred career counseling and career testing activities of school counselors exists. An analysis of a statewide school counselors' survey revealed career counseling and testing preferences, priorities and predictors. Results revealed counselors preferred trait/factor approaches to career counseling, including Holland's RIASEC theory, Person-Environment-Correspondence theory and Cognitive Information Processing theory, respectively. With respect to career counseling and career testing priorities, means comparisons indicated that elementary, middle, and high school counselors' actual time performing career counseling duties is minimal; however, they desire to spend significantly more time on career counseling and testing. Multiple regressions revealed important predictor variables for actual and ideal time spent on career counseling and career testing. Limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed.     

Salience of Emotional Intelligence as a Core Characteristic of Being a Counselor

The authors investigated the association between emotional intelligence and counseling self‐efficacy. Participants were 140 counseling students and practicing counselors who completed the Emotional Judgment Inventory and the Counseling Self‐Estimate Inventory. Emotional intelligence differentiated counselors from noncounselors (Mdn d = .6650) but provided mixed results in differentiating counseling students and counselors. Moreover, the emotional intelligence factors Identifying Own Emotions, Expressing Emotions Adaptively, and Using Emotions in Problem Solving successfully predicted counseling self‐efficacy of both counseling students and practicing counselors (R = .537). Emotional intelligence may be another marker for individuals exploring professional counseling as a career and for improving students' counseling self‐efficacy.     

Career counseling centers in higher education: A study of cross-cultural applications from the United States to Korea

Interest in career development and career counseling is growing in Korea. Nevertheless, neither the research nor the literature adequately address the question as to what applications can be cross-culturally transferred from career counseling centers in the United States to Korea. This study qualitatively examines the practice of career counseling in seven university career counseling centers in the United States in a search for concepts and methods that may be cross-culturally applied to Korean universities. Nine categories of data emerged in our qualitative analysis of information gathered: (a) types of systems; (b) staff; (c) services provided; (d) career assessments; (e) alumni networks; (f) workshops and outreach; (g) publicity; (h) information technology; and (i) facilities. Applications and ideas for the Korean context, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Medicine as a calling among male and female medical students in Israel: Does it make a difference?

This study focused on the perception of medicine as a calling and its associations with medical training satisfaction, career certainty, career satisfaction, career commitment, and well-being among 176 Israeli medical students. Participants replied to an online questionnaire including the Brief Calling Scale (Duffy and Sedlacek in Career Dev Q 59:27–41, 2010) and measures related to medical training, a medical career, and well-being. Calling was positively associated with all outcome measures, and gender moderated these associations, which were stronger for female medical students in comparison with male medical students. The importance of taking these gender differences regarding calling under consideration for career counseling is discussed.     

Suggestions for Teaching an Advanced Career Counseling Practicum

Counselor educators need to explore methods for enhancing students' career counseling knowledge and competencies. Suggestions are offered for conducting an advanced career counseling practicum as one such opportunity.     

The Profession of College Career Services Delivery: What College Counselors Should Know About Career Centers

College career centers provide a valuable resource to students faced with choosing a major, learning about different career fields, and securing internships and jobs. Career centers must provide an increasingly sophisticated array of one-on-one and virtual services in order to meet the needs of students and recruiters. Collaborations between the career services office and other departments, including the college counseling center, are necessary to address students' needs in a holistic manner. The author describes the organizational structure of college career centers and services typically offered, discusses psychological correlates of career development and the integration of personal and career counseling, and provides suggestions for how counseling center and other college professionals can collaborate with their career services office.     

Process Groups

ABSTRACT

This study examined the use of long-term process oriented counseling groups at 74 colleges and universities. Colleges with fewer total staff and fewer trained group counselors were less likely to offer group counseling than were institutions with large staffs and more counselors trained to do group work. Qualitative feedback from small college respondents cites resource limitations and staff attitudes as reasons for lesser frequencies of group counseling at their respective institutions. Several staff attitudes are identified and challenged.     

Teaching Gerontology in Counselor Education

ABSTRACT

Mental health needs of older persons are projected to grow significantly over the course of the next years. Consequently, the need for training counselors to work with the aging population is presented. Addressed are 4 curriculum models, as well as areas of training related to geriatric counseling, that can be incorporated into counselor training programs. Finally, specific suggestions and procedures for counseling the elderly are included.     

Careers in dairy: adolescents perceptions and attitudes

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This paper examines the attitudes and perceptions of Irish adolescents towards potential careers in dairy farming within the context of generational renewal for a dynamic agri-food sector.

Design/methodology/approach: The lens of occupational choice theory was used to present a framework within which potential careers are considered. A questionnaire-survey was undertaken with 490 Irish adolescents (15–18 yrs).

Findings: While parents have the greatest influence on the career choices of adolescents, there was a positive correlation between studying agricultural science in school and considering an agricultural related career. Adolescent's attitudes towards careers in dairy farming were subject to perceptions about gender, farm ownership, potential income and work-life balance. There was a high degree of openness to gaining work experience on dairy farms.

Practical implications: With an increased interest in agricultural science in second level schools in Ireland, the findings point to opportunities to influence awareness and attitudes of adolescents and their parents about career possibilities in dairy farming and to encourage both familial and non-familiar generational renewal.

Theoretical implications: The paper contributes an understanding of career choices and aspirations in adolescence to add to the growing body of literature on generational renewal in farming.

Originality/value: This paper focuses specifically on dairy farming, providing more detailed information about adolescents’ perceptions of dairy farming careers. The study highlights the positive relationship between studying agricultural science in school and subsequent interest in agricultural related careers. The results indicate that generation renewal in agriculture can be enhanced by giving increased attention to agriculture in school curricula.     

Clients' Expectations About Counseling and Perceptions of the Working Alliance

Abstract

We examined the relations between clients' expectations about counseling and their ratings of working alliance dimensions. Thirty-seven clients seeking individual counseling at university-based counseling facilities completed the Expectations About Counseling-Brief form (EAC-B) prior to their first counseling session and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) after their third session. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that clients' expectations for personal commitment were positively related to their WAI ratings for agreement on tasks and agreement on goals. Expectations for counselor expertise were inversely related to client WAI ratings for agreement on tasks. No significant relations were found for expectations for facilitative conditions or for WAI bond ratings. Implications for counseling and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

National survey of career development functions of practicing school psychologists

Three hundred sixty-four (364) practicing school psychologists were surveyed about involvement in career development functions. Responses were analyzed using multiple regressions and correlated t-tests. Findings reveal school psychologists to be interested in career development functions, with particular interest in career counseling; they are minimally involved in career assessment, counseling, and consultation. Ninety percent of respondents felt unprepared to participate in vocationally related job responsibilities. School psychology should prepare its members for involvement in career development. Means of accomplishing greater participation were discussed.     

Padua University Psychiatric Student Counseling Service

Abstract

Although the literature reports a high prevalence of psychological distress among the university student population, still very few intervention schemes have been proposed to manage the problem. The authors describe the main sources of inspiration for the psychiatric counseling service established at Padua University (Italy) and how it operates. Emphasis is laid on counseling quality, operator professionalism, research activities, ethical aspects and resource allocation. The implications for adequate counseling are discussed. Preliminary data suggest that university-based psychiatric counseling centres provide a useful service.     

高校生涯辅导供给不足的因素及利益机制研究

以高等教育利益体系复杂化、质量多元化为研究背景,通过对影响高校生涯辅导各相关利益主体行为的主成分分析,结果显示,高校生涯辅导供给不足的原因是高校供给能力与供给愿望不强。其中的深层次原因是,在多个契约中,由于信息不对称,高校存在逆向选择的动机与可能。高校生涯辅导系统与其他子系统相互脱节,在理论上还由于职业生涯的个人规划与组织管理的研究存在“裂缝”。