师生关系的社会学探讨

对于师生关系历来有不同的认识,有的是静态的、理想的,有的是动态的、现实的。社会学对师生关系的探讨着重于从师生在教育活动中的相互作用入手,把师生关系放置在现实的社会背景中去认识和思考,对教育学研究有一定的启示意义。     

师生关系：发展性主体际交往关系

师生关系是教育之存在和发展的基本关系。以往以狭义认识为方法论基础的教学理论难以对师生关系做出合理的阐释。取而代之的以现代广义认识论为方法论基础的教学理论艰师生关系予以科学地阐释,认为师生关系首先是一种社会关系,是教育社会中教师和学生两主体间的交往关系。其次,师生主体际交往以课程为中介,围绕课程进行对话、交流。再次,师生主体际交往关系以学生素质的全面发展和人格完善为目标,具有发展的特征。     

The Parent-Caregiver Relationship Scale: Rounding Out the Relationship System in Infant Child Care

The Parent-Caregiver Relationship Scale (PCRS) was developed and field tested as a measure of the perceived quality of the relationship between the parent and the child care provider (“caregiver”) of an infant or toddler. PCRS items were based on review of the parent-caregiver relations literature and interviews with parents and caregivers. The parent and caregiver forms of the scale were administered to 217 parents and caregivers in child care centers and family child care homes. Analysis of the scale and its psychometric properties resulted in potentially useful subscales with adequate reliability. The PCRS showed predicted correlations with other child care context variables, providing preliminary support for its validity. The PCRS shows promise as a relationship-level measure for studies of infants, parents, and caregivers in the context of full-time child care.     

马克斯·韦伯:民族主义思想与自由主义思想关系论

马克斯·韦伯是19世纪末20世纪初德国最伟大的思想家,学界关于他的争议不断,尤其是关于他是民族主义者还是自由主义者的争议最为激烈。当我们探究其思想内核时我们会发现,韦伯既是个民族主义者,又是一个自由主义者,并且其自由主义思想是依附于他的民族主义思想,二者在韦伯一人身上形成了共生关系。     

Configuration of the Teacher-State Relationship: The Shanghai Experience

As one of the most prominent cases of high performing education systems in Asia, Shanghai has received widespread attention in recent years. The existing literature has shown that the formation of a high performing education system in Shanghai is closely associated with the high-quality teaching force. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of Shanghai in configuring the teacher-state relationship and building the teaching profession against China’s background of centralized education. Our analysis was framed around three key actors that have reshaped the relationship between teachers and State in the post-Mao era, including the establishment of teaching as a profession, schools, and the labor market. Based on policy analysis and empirical evidence from Shanghai, the research findings indicate Shanghai’s own experience in building the teaching profession, teachers’ professional well-being, and other subjective perceptions related to school management and the labor market.     

The Purchasing Practice of Low-Income Students: The Relationship to Mathematical Development

The purpose of this 2-part study was to explore the mathematical and purchasing competencies present in students' engagement in shopping practices in a low-income African American neighborhood. Study 1 consisted of in situ analyses of children's shopping activities at a local store, revealing the variety of arithmetic tasks that emerged in relation to varied artifacts, shopping routines, social norms, and clerk support. In an effort to reveal competencies that could not be measured through observation alone, Study 2 consisted of individual interviews of 30 first and second graders about tasks that required them to purchase items at a mock store. Analyses revealed both strategies that were frequently and infrequently associated with successful purchasing and the relationship between children's strategy choices and the demands of particular purchases. This research documents the many mathematical competencies children present that may not be captured in traditional school assessments and considers how this prior knowledge might be used to inform instruction and treatments of sociocultural frameworks.     

The Labour Party and Higher Education: The Nature of the Relationship

Higher education policy has rarely been a major concern of the Labour Party in the second half of the twentieth century. This article explores the reasons for this and analyses the ideological coalition of the Labour Party in the context of the Welfare State and the commitments to moderate social democratic reformism. Three strands in particular are explored: the dominance of vocational, technological and professional priorities in HE expansion; the influence of utilitarian thinking, broadly construed; and the various social purpose, equality perspectives of those on the Left of the Party. Alongside these strands, has been Labour's reluctance to adopt interventionist policies especially in relation to the so‐called elite Universities, and the persistent advocacy of ‘modernisation’. Finally, the article considers, within a context of the debate in general political analysis, the potential of the Labour Party within this period to achieve significant reform in the field of higher education, drawing inter alia on the work of Ralph Miliband.     

论教育对文化的适应与超越

教育与文化具有同质异形性。文化是母教育是子;文化是质教育是形;教育是文化的形式。教育对文化的依赖与适应表现在教育的知识内容、组织形式、方法手段、管理制度以及价值观念方面;教育对文化的促进与超越不仅表现为传存文化,更表现为选择、调控、整合、创生文化,推动和促进文化的进步与发展。     

语言与文化的关系：共识与争议

关于语言与思维和文化关系的研究主要是建立在推理的基础上,缺乏观察和实验研究,目前看到的理论依据大多是主观的猜想和逸闻。也正因为如此,语言与文化关系的讨论不时引发了激烈的争论。本文将就其中争论的焦点加以概述。     

New Realities: The Relationship between Higher Education and Employment

The paper addresses one aspect of the`New Realities' of higher education: theemployer-higher education interface. It explores thedevelopment of the `employability' agenda in highereducation, examines the nature and implication oforganisational change for graduates and assesses whatattributes graduates will need in the next decade.Flexible organisations need flexible, and increasinglyempowered employees; that in turn calls fortransformative and empowering learning. The way thathigher education might address this, particularly inthe context of lifelong learning, is explored.     

配偶关系的立法保护浅析--以刑事诉讼法为视角

刑事诉讼立法保护亲密的配偶关系,和追诉犯罪一样,有助于维护社会和谐。一些国家和地区注重保护实质性的配偶关系、落实保护机制、有取舍地予以保护。在我国,非法证据排除规则不能全面地保护配偶关系;配偶可能从对方犯罪的潜在证人转变为包庇、窝藏罪的被追诉人,从而难以发挥对配偶关系的刑事诉讼立法保护;此外,配偶的拒绝出庭作证特权有被架空的倾向。不妨将配偶的拒绝出庭作证特权改为配偶拒绝当面作证特权,在此基础上扩大有权拒绝当面作证的主体范围;并且赋予配偶免于强制搜查权。     

被遗忘的领域:身体与自我的关系

身体不仅是物理实体,而且处于社会和历史之中,承载着一定的社会关系.现代以来,被视为他人或自然的工具的身体,逐渐成为自我控制和改造的对象.教育领域中,学生的身体处于被自我或他人压制、控制和忽略的地位.身体具有三个层面,即物质层面、美学层面和哲学层面,是自我价值感、力量感、美感、道德感的重要来源.对身体健康发展的束缚,必然以牺牲精神的发展为代价.学校教育必须寻求自我和身体的和谐发展,将身体的"物质-美学-哲学"三个层面结合起来,促进个人寻求合适的生活方式.     

变易理论:学生自主学习和教师帮助之间的关系

本研究旨在运用变易理论来考察学生自主学习和教师帮助之间的关系问题.使用的教学方法是这样的:教师首先使用具体事例,然后讲授原理.其中在使用具体事例时有两种方法.第一种是,学生学习两方面属性同时不同的事例.第二种是,学生先是学习只有一方面属性不同的事例,接着学习只有另一方面属性不同的事例,最后学习两方面属性同时不同的事例.在这之后的讲授是一样的,教师教学生如何系统地解决这一类问题.在第一种方法中,学生更多地掌控了自身的学习,而在第二种方法中,教师通过教学设计来帮助学生学习.这个研究最重要的启示是在讨论教学中教师和学生各自对学习的贡献时,我们可能需要做出更细致的区分.问题不在于谁应该主动谁应该被动,而在于教师应该做什么(创造学习的必要条件)以及学生应该做什么(使用学习的必要条件).     

The Supervisory Relationship: A Conceptual and Psychometric Review of Measures

To date, a comprehensive review of supervisory relationship measures has yet to be published. In this article, the authors explore conceptualizations of the supervisory relationship, describe and critique 11 measures, provide recommendations for researchers and practitioners when selecting measures, and offer suggestions regarding future measure development.     

课程与教学:从二元对立走向整合

在分析课程与教学本质定义的基础上，揭示出课程与教学的关系从二元对立走向整合的发展趋势。同时，课程与教学的整合观念也对当前课程与教学的理论和实践提出了全新要求。     

The Teacher-Student Relationship in Secondary School: Insights from excluded students

This paper is derived from a study of excluded students' perceptions of their educational experience. It is based on the accounts of 33 young people, all permanently excluded from school. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews a number of salient features of the school experience were raised. One of these features is the students' relationships with teachers. This paper considers excluded students' perceptions of teacher qualities that either foster or hinder the development of positive relations, disciplinary practice as a particularly significant set of interactions that affect relationships, and the hierarchical social structure in which these relationships are formed and operate. The result is an ideal model of the teacher-student relationship based on the excluded students' accounts. This model reconsiders power relations in order to create a set of interactions that recognises the students' non-child status while, at the same time, highlighting teacher-specific responsibilities such as duty of care.     

几个分布之间的关系

利用分布函数法、卷积公式、特征函数法对服从正态分布、x2分布、г分布的随机变量及其关系进行了讨论。     

The Relationship Between Universities and Black Urban Communities: The Clash of Two Cultures

This article is a theoretical discussion of the cultural dynamics that shape the relationship between universities and black urban communities. It is argued that universities have a responsibility to address inner-city problems. However, the social relationships between academic institutions and urban communities are impeded as a result of cultural differences. Cultural, social, and power theories are employed to construct a framework for exploring the factors that impede positive interactions between universities and black urban communities. The article concludes by linking the renewed American discourse on civility to the public service mission of higher education and its relevance to urban communities.     

幼儿期的同伴关系与亲社会行为的关系

为了分析幼儿期的同伴关系与亲社会行为的关系,本文对幼儿期同伴关系的影响因素和亲社会行为的发展以及两者之间的关系进行了研究。