高职院校大学生自杀意念问题与心理危机干预

目的：探讨高职院校大学生自杀的有效预防和危机干预对策,方法：采用自编自杀调查问卷、症状自评量表（SCI-90）、Beck抑郁问卷对我院1240名大学生进行现场调查,采用非条件logistic回归及通径分析探索自杀意念与各类社会心理因素之间的关系。结果20．25％的高职大学生有自杀意念,女生略高于男生,大学生自杀意念、心理健康水平之间呈显著相关。结论：不良的心理健康水平是高职大学生自杀意念产生的重要因素。应制定和采取综合干预措施．提高高职大学生心理健康水平,以降低高职大学生的心理危机及自杀行为的发生率。     

Strain,depressed mood and suicidal thoughts among maltreated adolescents in the United States

Almost one-fourth of maltreated adolescents report they have thought about killing themselves in the last two weeks. We draw on Agnew's strain theory to develop a model to account for variability in suicidal thoughts among this high-risk group. We used data from a nationally representative sample of 572 maltreated adolescents, aged 11–15. One dimension of relational strain (poorer relationship with peers) and greater depressed mood were directly related to whether adolescents did or did not think about suicide. Depressed mood mediated the relationship between two strain variables (relationship with caregiver and with school) and suicidal thoughts. Child maltreatment strain (being severely harmed) and substance use were not directly related to suicidal thoughts; however, depressed mood appeared to mediate the relationship between drug use and suicidal thoughts. Adolescents who experience child maltreatment and who appear to be disconnected from caregivers, friends and school should be screened for depression and suicidal thoughts.     

A case for routine involvement of threat assessment and management teams with college students at risk for suicide

ABSTRACT

Institutions of higher education and their counseling centers are under intense pressure to prevent student suicide. This article proposes that routinely using threat assessment and management teams in working with suicidal students would add value to existing suicide prevention efforts. The unique features of threat assessment and management provide several advantages over traditional clinical intervention. First and foremost, the majority of students who die of suicide do not seek services from campus counseling centers. These students may, nonetheless, come to the attention of campus constituents in a number of ways and may readily be referred to a threat assessment and management team. For students who are clients of the counseling center, a campus should still activate a threat assessment and management process. In this way, threat assessment and management may be useful for students who refuse to seek help as well as in providing assistance when students are engaged in treatment. Nonetheless, higher education in general and counseling centers in particular have not engaged in a standard practice of involving threat assessment and management teams with students who present at risk for suicide. Limitations to clinical approaches for suicide prevention are reviewed in contrast with the complementary advantages of threat assessment and management as applied to suicidal students. Regularly including threat assessment and management in working with suicidal students in higher education may provide synergy in improving the likelihood of desirable outcomes in preventing suicides.     

大学生自杀意念的归因研究

自杀是指有意识、自愿的结束自己生命的行为;而自杀意念是指偶然体验的自杀行为动机,但没有采取或实现自杀的外显行为.以大学生中自杀意念预警人员为研究对象,通过对大学生自杀意念的归因分析发现,内外向、神经质、抑郁、精神病性4个因子显著地影响着大学生自杀意念的产生及严重程度.     

本科生与高职生自杀行为对比研究及预防策略——基于湖南省部分院校大学生自杀问题的调查

应用青少年生活事件量表、应付方式问卷、社会支持评定量表和自编自杀意念问卷,了解本科生与高职生在自杀行为上的差别,并就如何预防大学生自杀问题提出建议和思考。     

Mandated Psychological Assessments for Suicide Risk in a College Population: A Pilot Study

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a protocol mandating psychological assessment of college students exhibiting specific signs of suicide risk and/or nonsuicidal self-harm. Thirty-seven current and former students who had been documented as at risk completed a structured interview in person or by phone. Outcomes suggest this protocol identifies students at risk for suicide, with 27% having made an attempt at some point in their lives and 50% having been suicidal at the time the report was written. The majority of participants endorsed the value of this intervention.     

Recent Sexual Assault and Suicidal Behaviors in College Students: The Moderating Role of Anger

Sexual assault and suicide are 2 of many issues facing college students. Recent research calls for an examination of anger in suicidal behavior. Through a series of moderated logistic regression models, the authors examined the moderating effects of anger on the association of recent sexual assault and suicidal behaviors. Results support the moderating role of anger in the association of sexual assault with suicidal thinking, but not with self‐injury or suicide attempts. The authors discuss practitioner implications.     

Differences in Suicidal Experiences of Male and Female Undergraduate and Graduate Students

Differences in the suicidal experiences of males and females and of undergraduate and graduate students have not been thoroughly explored. Furthermore, given the changing dynamics of college student suicidality and the challenges of suicide prevention, it is important to continue updating the research in this area. This article presents findings from a 2006 national survey with responses from over 26,000 undergraduate and graduate students at 70 colleges and universities. Gender and undergraduate versus graduate student differences were found in suicidal thoughts and behaviors, related experiences such as professional and informal help-seeking during a suicidal crisis, events that precipitated and contributed to the suicidal crisis, and factors that protected against attempting suicide. Among the many findings, some are consistent with previous research, some are unexpected, and some have not previously been studied. The results of this survey have implications for targeting specific interventions to better meet the needs of undergraduate and graduate student males and females.     

构筑三位一体的大学生自杀预防体系

为应对日益严峻的大学生自杀问题,理论与实践界进行了积极探索。心理咨询致力于矫正、治疗可能导致自杀行为的心理问题,生命教育以珍爱生命、提升生命品质为宗旨,在预防大学生自杀中彰显出独特优势和显著成效,但同时也各有其局限与难为之困境。大学生自杀之根源与对其施以制约和影响的社会情境密不可分。在心理咨询、生命教育预防基础上拓展与深化,增强大学生在风险社会中的平等体验与积极的自我建构,是有效预防大学生自杀的"治本"之举。为此,政府和社会应促进高等教育资源配置公平,推进大学生公平就业,完善与改进贫困大学生资助体系;大学生要努力提升自身专业素质,提升体悟生命的内在教养,追寻"自我同一性"。     

Attachment Pattern,Reasons for Living,and Suicide Risk Among College Students

To explore the relationships between attachment, reasons for living, and suicide, 163 college students completed measures in each domain. Correlations between all measures were significant and in the expected directions. Results indicate that, although survival and coping skills are most associated with low suicidal intentions, students' level of attachment and their view of parents as accessible are also significantly associated with low suicidal intentions.     

Connectedness to Campus and Likelihood of Help-Seeking for Suicidality among College Women

The goal of the present study was to examine the link between connectedness to campus and the likelihood of help-seeking from a mental health professional/school counselor for thoughts of suicide among college women. An online survey was administered to college students to assess perceived likelihood of seeking help, feelings of connectedness to campus, sense of togetherness with peers, and presence of a supportive group of friends on campus. Findings indicated that feeling connected to campus was positively associated with perceived likelihood of help-seeking for suicidal ideation. Furthermore, this association was stronger among participants reporting either a sense of togetherness with peers or a supportive group of friends. Efforts to increase students’ sense of connection to the larger campus community and build peer relationships may promote help-seeking for suicidal ideation among college women.     

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Characteristics,Functions, and Strategies

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant issue among college students but few resources are available to college mental health professionals. This article consolidates extant knowledge on NSSI from the empirical and clinical literature, including common NSSI characteristics (rates, methods, demographics, and concomitants), intrapersonal and social functions, and NSSI's relation to suicide. Practical strategies for assessing NSSI among students are presented, as are empirically informed treatments. With this knowledge, college mental health professionals will have a theoretical and practical understanding of NSSI and will be better equipped to work with students who self-injure.     

Developing Ethical Institutional Policies and Procedures for Working With Suicidal Students on a College Campus

College and university personnel are often confronted with several ethical and legal issues as they respond to students who present with suicidal ideation or suicide attempts on campus. This article presents an overview of the issues and the solutions that seek to address the ethical guidelines of the counseling profession and the university's goal of a safe learning environment. Solutions are applied to the creation of policies for dealing with suicidal students.     

Suicide:

The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for training the residence hall RA as a suicide interventionist. It is important that the RA have the necessary information and skills to recognize, evaluate and refer students who are at risk for taking their own lives. In addition, this article discusses what the RA must known in order to assist the survivors of unsuccessful suicide attempts or those who are left after a completed suicide. As an itnerventionist, the RA is not a counselor or therapist but someone who is able to assist the suicidal student in securing professional assistance and being of support during the process of therapy.     

School‐based interventions for students with substance abuse

Experimentation with substances is typical for many young people, but unfortunately some will go on to develop substance abuse problems that substantially affect their lives. Successfully intervening with students who use or abuse substances is a challenge for school mental health professionals across the nation. There is a need for evidence‐based practices that school professionals can use when working with students who have substance abuse problems. This article provides school professionals in secondary settings with current information on student substance use rates, evidence‐based individual and group interventions, and discussion of the 42 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 2 (42 CFR). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

大学生领悟社会支持和自杀态度的关系

目的了解大学生的自杀态度,探讨领悟社会支持与自杀态度的关系,以便为大学生心理健康教育和自杀预防提供依据。方法采用自杀态度问卷（SAQ）和领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）对320名大学本科生进行调查。结果（1）大学生对自杀持矛盾或中立的态度,不同性别、不同地区、不同专业和是否为独生子女的大学生自杀态度和领悟社会支持各维度的差异均不显著;（2）不同家庭关系的学生在对自杀者的态度、自杀者家属的态度、安乐死的态度上存在差异,在家内支持和家外支持上存在显著差异;（3）单亲大学生与非单亲大学生在对安乐死的态度、家内支持、家外支持上存在差异;（4）大学生领悟社会支持与自杀态度密切相关,领悟社会支持各因子与自杀态度各因子都存在极其显著的相关。     

Substance Use Among Taiwanese Female College Students

This study investigated the use of alcohol and other drugs among 193 Taiwanese female college students currently attending Tainan Women's College of Arts and Technology. Using the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey, participants were asked to identify: (1) which substances they have used in the last year and during the past 30 days, (2) the frequency of substance use, and (3) the consequences associated with the use of alcohol and other substances. Results indicated that alcohol and tobacco were the most commonly used substances. Compared to a similar study, alcohol use in the last year was considerably higher among the participants in this study and tobacco use was considerably lower. During the past 30 days, the use of both alcohol and tobacco were relatively low. Implications for college counselors and college officials are discussed.     

Mood States as Predictors of Characteristics and Precipitants of Suicidality Among College Students

This article examines college students' self-reported mood states during a suicidal crisis and the relationship between mood and indicators of suicidality. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that the moods of hopelessness and anger predicted stronger intent; anxiety/worry predicted weaker thoughts of suicide; hopelessness increased the odds of receiving professional help, having a specific plan, and having contemplated methods; and guilt decreased the odds of having made preparations for an attempt. The associations between mood and precipitants of suicidal ideation are presented. Implications of these findings for increasing collaboration during the course of risk assessment and treatment are also discussed.     

大学生自杀行为的成因探析

通过问题分析和文献综述对大学生自杀行为的成因进行系统研究,归纳大学生出现自杀行为有潜在影响因素、主体内在因素和直接诱因等三个方面的原因。其中,外界环境和大学生的年龄特征是大学生自杀行为的潜在影响因素;心理素质是起决定作用的内因;一些生活事件、应激因素都是大学生自杀行为的直接诱因。三者通过不同的途径、在不同的层面同时对大学生的心理和行为产生影响,从而导致个别大学生出现自杀的极端行为。     

Suicide prevention: Guidelines for schools

Adolescent suicide is escalating, especially among White male teenagers who use drugs and/or alcohol, are depressed or cognitively rigid, have maladaptive families, have experienced recent loss, misunderstand death, and know a suicide victim. Teachers can foster suicide resistance by developing teens' cognitive deterrents and encouraging adaptive coping strategies. Recommended assessment tools for potentially suicidal children and teens include the Reasons for Living Inventory and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire. For teachers, intervention strategies include listening empathically, asking directly about potential suicide, and breaking confidentiality in cases of an actively suicidal child or teenager. Administratively, helpful strategies are hot lines, suicide prevention training modules, and publicity of popular students' adaptive responses to stress such as drug rehabilitation or therapy. After suicide, administrators should work to diminish survivor guilt, minimize scapegoating, and prevent contagion.