Relationships Among Self-Concealment,Mindfulness and Negative Psychological Outcomes in Asian American and European American College Students

Research on Asian Americans and their psychological adjustment is limited. Consisting of two cross-sectional studies, the present investigation examined the relationships among self-concealment, mindfulness, emotional distress in stressful interpersonal situations, and general psychological ill-health in Asian American college students, and in comparison with European American counterparts. In the Asian Americans, self-concealment was found to be positively related to general psychological ill-health and negatively related to mindfulness. In both ethnic groups, mindfulness was found to be negatively related to general psychological ill-health. Findings suggest that, as seen with European American counterparts, both self-concealment and mindfulness may be important concepts in understanding the psychological adjustments of Asian American college students.     

Mental Health Stigma,Self-Concealment,and Help-Seeking Attitudes among Asian American and European American College Students with No Help-Seeking Experience

The present study examined whether mental health stigma (i.e., negative attitudes toward people with a psychological disorder) and self-concealment are unique predictors of help-seeking attitudes in Asian American and European American college students with no history of seeking professional psychological services. The Asian American group had less favorable help-seeking attitudes overall, lower levels of stigma tolerance and interpersonal openness, greater mental health stigma, and greater self-concealment than the European American group. Mental health stigma and self-concealment were unique predictors of help-seeking attitudes overall in both groups. However, mental health stigma was not a unique predictor of recognition of need for psychotherapeutic help and confidence in mental health practitioners, the components of help-seeking attitudes theorized to be most associated with actual help-seeking behavior. Self-concealment was a unique predictor of confidence in mental health practitioners in the Asian American group, but not in the European American group.     

"3+2"大学生心理健康、社会支持及应对方式调查

调查结果显示,“3＋2”大学生获得的客观支持和主观支持显著低于普通高招大学生;在心理健康状况方面,“3＋2”大学生得分显著高于普通高招大学生;社会支持三个因子及总分与孤独倾向、冲动倾向显著负相关;以社会支持总分为因变量进行逐步回归分析,依次进入方程的变量有孤独倾向、性别、NC（消极应对）三个因子。为此,必须加强“3＋2”大学生心理健康教育,以利于其健康全面发展。     

Meaning in Life in College Students: Implications for College Counselors

The authors examined the relationship between meaning in life and college adjustment in a sample of 96 college students. In line with previous research on meaning in life and positive psychosocial functioning measures, presence of meaning was positively correlated with adjustment, whereas searching for meaning was negatively correlated with adjustment. However, the degree to which students were actively searching for meaning moderated the relationship between presence of meaning and adjustment. Recommendations for college counseling services are discussed.     

Attitudes toward Face-to-Face and Online Counseling: Roles of Self-Concealment,Openness to Experience,Loss of Face,Stigma, and Disclosure Expectations among Korean College Students

This study examined attitudes toward face-to-face (f2f) and online counseling among 228 Korean college students. In addition, it tested a hypothesized model proposing that general propensities (i.e., self-concealment, openness to experience, and loss of face) would influence counseling-specific expectations (i.e., self-stigma and disclosure expectations), which, in turn, would predict attitudes toward f2f and online counseling. Findings mirrored the results of earlier studies revealing that self-concealment was negatively related to attitudes toward both f2f and online counseling, while openness to experience and disclosure expectations were positively related. However, whereas self-stigma was associated with negative attitudes toward f2f counseling, it was not related to attitudes toward online counseling. In addition, disclosure expectations accounted for f2f attitudes more than online attitudes.     

Psychosocial Factors That Predict the College Adjustment of First-Year Undergraduate Students: Implications for College Counselors

The authors describe psychosocial factors that predicted college adjustment of 1st-year undergraduate students on the basis of studies conducted in 2 universities of differing size, focus, and geographic location. Academic self-confidence, positive attitudes toward the university, and faculty and peer support significantly predicted more successful adjustment to college.     

Parents’ and teachers’ views on the psychosocial adjustment of students with and without a history of early grade retention

The study compared teachers’ and parents’ views about elementary school children’s psychosocial adjustment with and without a history of early grade retention. The sample included retained and non-retained students currently in Grades Two and Four (age range 7.5 to 11.6 years) in Cypriot public schools. The retained students experienced early grade retention either in kindergarten or Grade One and, therefore, were one year older than their current classmates. Both parents and teachers of all children completed a psychosocial adjustment inventory designed to assess social, emotional, and school competence as well as behaviour problems. The findings indicated important differences between teachers and parents in their evaluation of children’s psychosocial adjustment, but notable similarities in consistently evaluating early-retained children lower on all aspects of adjustment. Teachers evaluated all students lower than parents in terms of behaviour, school, and social competence. Both groups, however, considered retained students lower in social and school competence regardless of grade level. The implications of these findings in relation to evaluation aspects of psychosocial adjustment and the practice of early-grade retention are discussed.     

大学生反刍思维对积极情绪和消极情绪的影响

采用反刍思维量表和积极情绪消极情绪量表对大学生进行问卷调查,探讨大学生反刍思维对积极情绪和消极情绪的影响。研究结果表明目前大学生反刍思维倾向普遍不严重;男女反刍思维倾向不存在显著性差异;来自农村的大学生比来自城镇的大学生的反刍思维倾向严重;反刍思维会使人产生消极情绪;反省深思对积极情绪的产生有一定促进作用。     

Do dialectical self-beliefs moderate the indirect effect of betrayal traumas on posttraumatic stress through self-compassion?

BackgroundTraumatic events experienced in childhood, particularly those that are perpetrated by someone whom the child trusts or depends upon (i.e., high betrayal traumas [HBTs], such as abuse by a parent) can lead to long-term negative consequences, including a tendency to see oneself in a negative light, low self-compassion, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Although negative psychological consequences of HBTs are well-documented in the literature, little is known surrounding the protective factors that may reduce the effects of HBTs on individuals’ functioning. The present study focused on one potential protective factor, dialectical self-beliefs, that may moderate the negative effects of HBTs experienced in childhood on self-compassion, and hence reduce posttraumatic stress (PTS).ObjectiveThe present study is aimed at determining whether dialectical self-beliefs moderate the indirect effect of HBTs on PTS via self-compassion.Participants and settingData of the present study were collected from 747 college students attending a university in the Northeast region of the United States.MethodUsing a correlational study design, the data of this study were collected from college students through an online survey.ResultsThe results of a moderated mediation analysis indicated that the hypothesized model explained 25% of the variance in PTS. After controlling for low betrayal traumas, the indirect effect of HBTs on PTS through self-compassion was moderated by dialectical self-beliefs. These findings provide support for our hypotheses and suggest that having a dialectical self-view may enhance the adjustment of individuals with a history of HBTs by reducing the negative effect of HBTs on self-compassion.     

The influence of parental and peer attachment on college students' academic achievement

This study examined relations among attachment to parents and peers, cognitive ability, psychosocial functioning variables, and academic achievement in a multiethnic sample of college students (n = 357). A small subgroup (14.8%) of students reported low levels of attachment to both parents and peers. Significant positive correlations were documented between parent and peer attachment and several indices of psychosocial competence. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that indices of cognitive ability were significant predictors of college students' grade point averages, while broader measures of functioning in early adulthood (attachment, intellectual ability, self‐esteem) were significant predictors of scholastic competence. Results suggest that perceived attachment to both parents and peers is a component of wider patterns of social competence and adjustment that may function as protective or compensatory factors during key transitions in young adulthood, such as participation in college, and with its attendant demands for academic achievement. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Psychosocial Adjustment of College Students With Tattoos and Piercings

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between body modification practices and psychosocial adjustment. Participants were 198 undergraduate college students, 129 of whom had 1 or more piercings (other than in earlobe) or tattoos. Findings showed that individuals with body modifications reported more symptoms of depression and trait anxiety than individuals without body modifications. It is recommended that health care providers in college settings be vigilant for possible associated psychological issues in individuals with body modifications.     

Examining the Effects of Residence and Gender on College Student Adjustment in Iran: Implications for Psychotherapists

This study examined the effects of on-campus residence, in comparison with commuter status, on academic performance, vocational commitment, self-efficacy, and perceptions of the college environment among female and male Iranian students at Shiraz University, Iran. The study sought to extend previous work investigating the effects of college residence on adjustment by testing these effects with a national population that has received relatively little attention in the extant counseling literature. Nearly all previously published studies exploring these phenomena have focused exclusively on college students in the United States. We found that residential living had positive effects on student adjustment and academic performance and that these effects were mediated by gender. Implications of these findings for the college psychotherapy and student development knowledge base, college and university psychotherapists working with international students and American students of Middle Eastern and Northern African descent in the United States, and college counseling professionals working in Middle Eastern and North African nations, as well as critical limitations of the study, are discussed.     

论积极创业情绪对大学生创业行为倾向的影响——基于创业动机中介作用和社会支持调节作用的分析

大学生创业行为受多重因素影响,创业心理是影响大学生创业行为的重要因素之一。以336名大学生为研究对象,基于积极心理学探讨积极创业情绪对创业行为倾向的影响以及创业动机在二者的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用,结果显示:积极创业情绪正向预测创业行为倾向,创业动机在积极创业情绪与创业行为倾向的关系中起部分中介作用;创业动机的中介效应受社会支持的调节。根据研究结果,可采取激发心理资本潜能、完善创业教育体系,发挥创业动机纽带效应、提升创业专业水平,提供多层次社会支持、增加社会资本供给等措施,促进大学生成功创业。     

Adjustment to university and academic performance among disadvantaged students in South Africa

Adjustment to the university environment is regarded as an important factor in predicting university outcomes. This study explores the pathways taken by adjustment and other psychosocial variables (help‐seeking, academic motivation, self‐esteem, perceived stress, and perceived academic overload), in relation to the success of economically and educationally disadvantaged students at university. Participants were 194 first‐year students on need‐based financial aid at a South African university; they completed questionnaires that measured these psychosocial variables, and their final first‐year academic results were obtained via the university’s records office. Path analyses showed that adjustment did not function as a pure mediator on academic performance as the dependent variable. Furthermore, the psychosocial factors explained much (59%) of the variance in the students’ adjustment and 20% of the variance in their academic performance. Hence, the psychosocial variables better explained the students’ adjustment to university than academic performance.     

大学生社会性问题解决与网络成瘾倾向的关系：社交回避和苦恼的中介效应

采用问卷测量法,以495名大学生为对象,考察了社会性问题解决、社交回避和苦恼与网络成瘾倾向的关系。结果表明：（1）积极问题解决倾向、理性问题解决与社交回避和苦恼以及网络成瘾倾向均呈显著负相关,消极问题解决倾向、回避型问题解决与社交回避和苦恼、网络成瘾倾向之间以及网络成瘾倾向与社交回避和苦恼之间均呈显著正相关,回避型问题解决、消极问题解决倾向、社交回避和苦恼均可正向预测网络成瘾倾向;（2）社交回避和苦恼在消极问题解决倾向、回避型问题解决、理性问题解决与网络成瘾倾向之间均具有显著的中介效应。大学生的社会性问题解决可通过社交回避和苦恼间接影响其网络成瘾倾向。     

女大学生抗挫折心理能力与抑郁关系的研究

该文使用大学生抗挫折心理能力问卷、SCL-90量表中的抑郁分量表对1314名女大学生施测,以探讨其抗挫折心理能力与抑郁的关系。结果表明:(1)女大学生抗挫折心理能力总体水平良好,她们应对挫折时以积极抗挫为主,其抑郁倾向高于全国成人常模。非独生女大学生的抑郁倾向显著高于独生的,来自农村的女大学生的抑郁倾向显著高于来自城市的。理工科女大学生的抗挫折心理能力及其诸因子方面的能力显著高于体育、艺术、文科专业的女生。女大学生抗挫折心理能力及其诸因子的年级差异极其显著,表现出随年级升高呈波浪式发展趋势。大二女生的抑郁倾向极显著地高于其他年级的女生。(2)女大学生抗挫折心理能力与抑郁存在非常显著负相关,并对抑郁具有极显著的负向预测效应。     

Deaf college students' perceptions of their social-emotional adjustment

This study examined differences between deaf and hearing students' perceptions of their social emotional adjustment as they transition to college. The 16PF-Adolescent Personality Questionnaire Life Difficulties Scale was completed by 205 deaf students and 185 hearing students. A multivariate analyses of variance and subsequent univariate tests found that deaf students rated themselves as experiencing significantly higher home life difficulties than hearing students, and deaf students rated themselves as having fewer coping difficulties than hearing students. Results also revealed a hearing status by gender interaction with deaf females rating themselves significantly higher on worry than deaf males, hearing females, and hearing males. An exploratory factor analysis of the Life Difficulties subscales yielded three factors of life difficulties for deaf college students but only two factors for hearing college students. These findings suggest that there are differences between deaf and hearing students who are transitioning to college with regards to their social-emotional adjustment.     

Factors Affecting Psychosocial Adjustment of Deaf Students

Deafness is more than a medical condition. Recent theories have emphasized the importance of environmental factors on the psychosocial development of deaf children. As part of a larger scale study, this article aims to investigate the impact of the following variables on deaf students' psychosocial adjustment in Turkey: student-related background and experiential characteristics, parent-related variables, school-related factors, and teacher-related variables. The sample of 1,097 deaf students enrolled in the elementary, secondary, and high schools was drawn from 34 schools in 24 cities on a national geographical spread. The multiple regression analysis revealed that degree of hearing loss, additional handicap, and age at onset of deafness were negatively related to psychosocial adjustment of deaf students. However, there was a positive relationship between psychosocial variables and some of the independent variables, such as use of hearing aids, speech intelligibility, academic achievement, parental hearing status, and communication methods used at school. The findings of the study do not support a "pathological" view of deafness, suggesting that it was not deafness per se but that some environmental factors were also influential on the psychosocial adjustment of deaf students.     

Cross‐Cultural Examination of Depression Expression and Help‐Seeking Behavior: A Comparative Study of American and Korean College Students

This study examined cross‐cultural differences in depression expression and help‐seeking behavior among college students in the United States and Korea. Results indicated that the Korean students showed more somatization tendency, negative affect, and negative help‐seeking behavior. Negative help‐seeking behavior of Korean students was shown to relate to somatization. Counseling implications are discussed.     

大学生择业心理倾向性误区分析及调适

大学生择业是一个涉及多个层面的复杂心理活动,大学生择业中的一些心理误区是影响大学生就业的重要因素。文章变换视角,通过对大学生择业心理倾向性误区的归类分析,指出误区产生的原因,并提出相应的调适方法。