大众化教育时代大学生就业能力问题研究

面对高等教育大众化时代大学生就业难题,应明确培养与提升大学生就业能力的重要性．了解大学生就业能力普遍较弱的原因,探索培养和提升大学生就业能力的对策。大学生就业能力培养涉及到人才培养的全过程,需要政府、高校、社会和大学生的共同努力,推动大学生就业难题的尽快缓解。     

“Yes …, But I Was Drunk”: Alcohol References and the (Re)Production of Masculinity on a College Campus

In residence halls on college campuses, one may hear a (male) student say, “Yes I did vandalize the wall, but I was drunk,” or “I ‘had a few’ before I kissed that ‘butter face’.” Researchers and university administrators could point to these as examples consistent with the problems of student drinking. They could also read these utterances as problematic performances of masculinity. Both groups would be correct. Ethnographers would seek to understand the underlying patterns of these statements, and ethnomethodologists the usefulness of these statements for actors in situ. This ethnography reports the findings of a study of student ways of speaking on a residential college campus. Data show that students’ patterned ways of speaking, especially when making references to drinking, mitigate problematic student behaviors, such as urinating in a corridor of a residence hall. Although such mitigating statements are, at times, by themselves problematic, they (re)produce a much more troubling masculinity.     

Effects of “nonrational” influences on decision making in higher education: A simulation test

The purpose of the present study was to determine if a nonrational model of decision-making was used by college administrators in three typical areas of college operations. Were the value positions taken by three college constituency groups (faculty, students, community board) on problems in curriculum, student affairs, and personnel influencing decisions made by administrative groups? In a simulation study, information describing a mythical community college was prepared, using the dimensions of the management-information system CAMPUS (Comprehensive Analytical Methods for Planning in University Systems). Three simulated problems within the hypothetical community college setting were administered to teams of decision makers each composed of three junior college administrators. Junior college administrators did not use the nonrational model in reaching group or individual decisions in the three simulated problem areas. Administrators did not respond in a significant manner to the influence of college constituency groups in reaching decisions. The type of problem being considered (curriculum, student affairs, and personnel) was a significant factor in determining decision alternatives selected by administrators. Both the rational and nonrational models of decision-making as used in this study appear inadequate to explain administrative decisions. It is tenable to posit that decision-making is influenced at least as much by previously learned responses of the decision-makers, and it may need to be considered as an important element in any model of decision-making.     

浅谈高校基层党组织的学生党建工作

高校基层党组织直接担负学生党建工作重任。在新形势下高校党建存在学生党员质量不高的问题。需要着重加强对学生党员队伍的思想建设以及学生党组织建设,并通过社会实践进行党性锻炼,把高校学生党建工作作为高校人才培养的"龙头"工作。     

High‐Risk Drinking in College Athletes and Nonathletes Across the Academic Year

This study compared heavy drinking and alcohol‐related consequences between freshman student‐athletes (n = 137) and nonathletes (n = 318). Differences in high‐risk drinking between the fall and spring terms were also examined. Results indicated that student‐athletes reported heavier drinking and higher levels of alcohol‐related consequences than did nonathletes. In addition, student‐athletes reported the highest levels of drinking and alcohol‐related consequences in the spring term. Implications for college counseling prevention programming are discussed.     

基于改进模糊算法的大学生征信评级模型探讨

自1999年我国商业银行开展高校助学贷款业务以来,我国助学贷款的违约率一直居高不下,其发展遭遇到了巨大的信用瓶颈.故本文设计了基于改进模糊算法的高校助学贷款信用评级模型.通过对湖南大学、中南林业、湖南财专、湖南涉外四所高校开展调查问卷,取得了172个贷款学生的样本,然后应用此模型对其进行了信用评级.通过实证分析,得出了低信用评级学生状况与学生违约状况基本吻合的结论,同时探讨了对学生信用评级有重大影响的因子,并在文章的最后为商业银行助学贷款的风险控制提出了相应的政策建议.     

美国大学生资助需求公式及对中国的启示

美国大学生资助需求公式是上世纪中期发展起来的,用于判断一个大学生是否需要资助,需要资助的金额是多少。其理论基础是高等教育成本需要家庭和社会共同分担,维护高等教育公平。其基本结构是学生入学成本减去家庭预期贡献。公式的核心内容是计算大学生家庭可以用于高等教育的资金。美国大学生资助需求公式可以为建立中国大学生资助需求公式提供借鉴。     

The role of Practicum supervisors in behaviour management education

The role of college supervisors in imparting knowledge and training student teachers to cope with behaviour problems has been examined in the present research. The background of the study was the need of the educational system to equip teachers with tools to cope with behaviour management, and the complaints about lack of training in this field. The research included observations in student teachers’ classes and in feedback sessions with 15 college supervisors from secular colleges of education in Israel who participated in the research and in in-depth open interviews. Over 1000 comments regarding children's behaviour were counted in student teachers’ classes. Supervisors ignored problems of coping with behaviour management by the student teachers in the feedback sessions. An attempt has been made to examine the reasons for this disregard. It would appear that the problem stems mainly from the pedagogical belief system of the college supervisors.     

Administrator and Faculty Perspectives Regarding Community College Baccalaureate Degrees in Texas

This quantitative correlational study examined administrator and faculty perspectives regarding factors that may have contributed to the development of community college baccalaureate degrees in Texas. It was hypothesized that factors such as student need, workforce need, college relations, and college mission were linearly and positively correlated. To test the hypothesis, an online survey was administered to a random sample of 530 faculty and administrators at the three baccalaureate granting community colleges in Texas. Correlation coefficients were computed for all possible pairs of the four variables to determine whether or not there were statistically significant correlations between variables. The results of the Pearson's correlation analyses produced four statistically significant correlations among variables at the p = .008 level. Results revealed a strong positive correlation between student need and workforce need r(359) = .82, p < .008. Findings of the study indicated that respondents perceived factors of student need for baccalaureate degrees and employers’ need for employees with bachelor's degree had the strongest influence on the development of community college baccalaureate degrees in the three community colleges in Texas.     

Advancing an Equity Agenda at the Community College in an Age of Privatization,Performance Accountability,and Marketization

In this article we introduce and explain a funding framework for advancing an equity agenda at the community college. The need for the framework is premised on (a) Dowd's observation that the traditional community college commitment to student access no longer suffices as an adequate strategy to achieve greater equity in society and (b) the recognition that community colleges are becoming more entrepreneurial as a result of challenges posed by privatization, state performance accountability systems, and marketization. A new approach to advancing equity is needed in this environment. We propose a funding framework that reflects lessons learned from a review of funding systems used in English further education systems and community college systems in Colorado and California.     

Experiencing Shame: Collegiate Alcohol Abuse,Religiosity, and Spirituality

Previous researchers have established the relationship between substance abuse and shame and religiosity/spirituality and shame. This study investigated the associations among shame, religiosity, spirituality, and drinking behavior in a college student sample (N = 310). Participants classified as hazardous drinkers reported higher levels of shame associated with drinking behavior. Elements of religiosity and spirituality significantly explained state shame among hazardous drinkers. Implications for college counselors are presented.     

Novice use of qualitative versus quantitative problem solving in electrostatics

Problem-solving behavior of six novice subjects attempting to solve an electrostatics problem in second-semester calculus-based college physics was observed and recorded. Five of the subjects were characterized as “A” or “B” students and one subject as a “D” student in introductory college physics. Although the A or B subjects were able to arrive at a “correct” solution to the problem, they exhibited major misconceptions about the problem situation as well as minimal qualitative understanding of the problem situation. The A or B subjects were successful in identifying, either from memory or written notes, equations relevant to electrostatics, whereas the D subject was not. The implication of this study is that current instruction in introductory calculus-based college physics and the students' previous science learnings place a premium on acquisition of correct quantitative solutions at the expense of qualitative understanding of physics problem situations.     

A Quiet Place for Student Veterans

As electronic gadgets predominate a student’s life, there comes a need for silence. A quiet place free of electromagnetic spectrum waves, dirty and stray electricity, and the endless chirps, whistles, beeps, and customized signaling. A quiet place can offer solitude for meditation, inspiration, and spiritual awareness. Student involvement in the classroom and campus activities is of upmost importance for student retention and successful program completion; however, student veterans often face overwhelming transitioning barriers as they cross from combat to the community college environment. Whether student veterans need a place to calm themselves, compartmentalize traumatic memories, or concentrate on overcoming an educational challenge, the quiet place can offer sanctuary. The proposed quiet place will be designed inexpensively using furniture available on the host rural community college campus, the state surplus warehouse, and from employee donations. The labor to paint and refurbish will be provided by dedicated veteran college staff and members of the Student Veterans of America association on the community college campus. The quiet place will utilize a small room less than 10 feet squared, however with low earth sounds emanating from an MP3 player and speaker, soft comfortable seating, and a rug, the room will be free from all other electronics and electrical devices. This dedicated student-veteran space will be unstaffed, self-policed for quiet enforcement, although a Career Coach will be available to handle any situations and address messages left by student veterans.     

设岗定责:确保大学生党员质量的有效途径——以桂林师范高等专科学校为例

在吸收优秀大学生加入到党的队伍的同时,确保大学生党员质量成了一个亟待解决的课题。通过分析大学生党员教育管理工作存在的不足,桂林师范高等专科学校从结合学校中心工作的角度,对大学生党员进行设岗定责,以制度的形式明确了大学生党员的服务义务,充分发挥大学生党员先锋模范作用,确保大学生党员质量。     

大学生英雄观现状调查及对策分析——以江西某大学样本为例

实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦需要英雄,大学生作为社会主义建设者和接班人,需要树立正确的英雄观,才能成为驱动中华民族加速迈向中华民族伟大复兴的磅礴力量。基于此,对江西某大学600名大学生进行了英雄观现状问卷调查,并提出改进对策。     

人文关怀与大学生人文素质的培养

人文关怀是学生工作的终极目标,是教育可持续发展的需要,对学生人文素质培养和健康人格的形成有着重要作用,高校学生工作必须体现人文关怀.体现人文关怀,加强对学生人文素质的培养,是落实科学发展观、构建和谐社会和知识经济时代对人才素质的基本要求,是高校学生工作的现实任务.所以,高校学生工作必须通过各种途径加强人文关怀,提高学生的人文素质.     

Athletic Identity of Community College Student Athletes: Issues for Counseling

Community college student athletes are unique in their setting in the world of college student athletes. Many compete for the love of their sport, while others have aspirations for transferring to major colleges to continue their participation. The current study made use of the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale with a sample of nearly 400 community college student athletes to begin to understand some of the unique counseling needs of these students. These needs are highlighted by the need for student athletes to have a mentally healthy perspective on the role of sport in life and the relationship of sports to academic pursuits. Community college administrators need to use caution in balancing student development with mental health concerns.     

Goal Setting and Feedback in the Reduction of Heavy Drinking in Female College Students

Abstract

The present study examines self-regulation variables (goals, feedback, goal commitment, efficacy, discrepancy) within the context of a brief intervention designed to decrease heavy drinking amongst college females. Participants (N= 76) were randomly assigned to one of six between subjects conditions created by crossing goal conditions (no goal, proximal goal, distal goal) with feedback conditions (feedback, no feedback), and were assessed across time on drinking behavior and self-regulation variables. Neither goal setting, feedback, nor the combination of goal setting and feedback were superior to assessment and information in the reduction of heavy drinking. The interaction of efficacy, commitment and discrepancy failed to add to the prediction of future drinking beyond that accounted for by current drinking behavior and the main effects of self-regulation variables in hierarchical regression analyses. Correlational analyses revealed a negative relationship between efficacy and commitment and future drinking behavior. Results are discussed in relation to theory, the college student environment, and the potential limited efficacy of individual level interventions within this environment.     

Recently Published Dissertations

The topic of student success is a central focus for community college educators and researchers, yet little consideration is given to the long-term success that community college students may or may not be attaining. What role (if any) do concerns about social stratification have in the debate over student success? Exploring the ways in which community colleges may be perpetuating long-term, systemic inequality among students, despite their ability to graduate with a certificate or degree, is an important consideration as community colleges work to define and measure student success and strategically plan for the future. Drawing from sociology and critical education literature, this paper makes the case that educators and administrators need to develop a macroapproach to understanding student success as a result of three contextual factors: labor market changes, shifts toward neoliberal ideology, and the role of habitus.     

大学生开展课题研究：意义、引导与反思

面对社会和国家教育部门对大学生创新能力和问题解决能力的培养要求,高等教育急需打破传统的“授受型”课堂教学为主导的教育模式,鼓励大学生开展课题研究,让学生在积极的参与和行动中全面发展自身的能力。大学生开展课题研究,对学校、教师和学生个人都具有重要的意义,教师应充分发挥在其中的主导作用,促进大学生综合素质的全面提升。