家庭因素对大学生自尊发展的影响研究——以毕节学院为例

大学生的心理健康一直是社会关注的热点问题,而自尊作为个体对自我价值的评判,一直影响着个体的心理健康。为了探讨影响大学生自尊发展的家庭因素,为大学生的心理健康教育提供相关依据。本研究以问卷调查的方式试图通过对地方高校大学生自尊发展的家庭影响因素进行量化的研究。结果表明：大学生自尊水平在性别变量和父亲文化的变量上差异显著;家庭的多种因素对大学生的自尊发展产生了显著的影响。     

A comprehensive child sexual abuse treatment program

The number of families troubled by parent-child incest in the typical community is much larger than suspected by professional helpers. If left unattended, the victim(s) and the family as a whole will be critically traumatized. Parental incest in the nuclear family can be likened to terminal cancer in the individual. The community must encourage the incestuous families to seek treatment and must provide comprehensive in-depth therapy to all members of the family. The etiology and dynamics of parental incest and the treatment method developed by the Directors of the Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program of Santa Clara County (CSATP), California, are discussed. Over the past ten years the CSATP has provided therapy to over 4,000 children and their families (about 14,000 individuals), by far the largest number so treated by any single organization. About 90% of the children have been returned to their families; and the recidivism rate in the families who have completed the treatment program remains at less than 1%.     

Conceptualizing the Counseling Training Environment Using Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

While learning environment research has been growing in popularity over the past few decades, little attention has been given towards the learning environment of graduate students, and virtually no attention has been given specifically towards graduate counseling and related programs such as professional counseling, clinical and counseling psychology, and marriage and family therapy. In this paper we propose using Bronfenbrenner’s (1979, 1992) ecological theory as a model to conceptualize the training environment of such counselor preparation programs. Through the application of Bronfenbrenner’s theory, counselor educators and counseling trainees can better understand the systemic nature of the training environment that they create and where they train. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided to further advance the knowledge and awareness of the counseling training environment.     

Increasing the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Nontraditional College Students

Nontraditional college students (29 women and 37 men) participated in a career counseling workshop based on Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental treatment group or a delayed-treatment control group. Results suggested that participation in the workshop had a significant, positive effect on the career decision-making self-efficacy of the participants (p < .05) across levels of age, sex, year in college, and family income. Results provide support for career self-efficacy theory and indicate that the career decision-making self-efficacy of nontraditional college students is amenable to change through counseling interventions.     

Balancing Dreams and Realities: The College Choice Process for High-Achieving Latinas

This study’s narratives of 17 high-achieving Latinas revealed how their college choice was a constant balancing of individual and family expectations, being “close, but far enough away,” and “getting your money’s worth.” With the use of critical race theory, further analysis revealed the influence of familismo on the college choice process as well as a financial ceiling that kept the most elite institutions out of reach.     

Treatment of 140 cerebral palsied children with a combined method based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and western medicine

Objective:To observe and evaluate a method that is effective and practical for treatment of cerebral palsied(CP)children in China.Method:The patient's age and disease type and individual specific conditions were considered in choosingtherapy methods accordingly:Chinese herbs,acupuncture,auricnlar seed pressure,point finger pressing,massage,orthopedichand manipulation,physiotherapy,occupational therapy,language therapy,etc.Meanwhile we created a new CP treatment modelthat combines hospitalized treatment with family therapy.Results:The majority of CP patients improved greatly in motor andsocial adaptation capacities after treatment.Wilcoxon paired rank sum test analysis showed that there were significant differencesbetween the data before and after treatment(P＜0.01).Conclusion:This combined therapy method,based on traditional Chinesemedicine and western medicine plus family supplemental therapy,is an effective and practical treatment strategy for CP children inChina.     

Families and individual development: provocations from the field of family therapy

Family therapy suggests a reformulation of concept and method in studying the family and individual development: to regard the family as an organized system and the individual as a contributing member, part of the process that creates and maintains the patterns that regulate behavior. In this review, the theories and clinical experiences of family therapists are regarded as a resource for developmental psychology, and particular attention is paid to those aspects that challenge traditional formulations in the developmental field. The review focuses on systems theory as the paradigm underlying family therapy and considers the implications of this framework for conceptions of the individual, the study of parent-child interaction, and new research formulations and areas of study. It also considers trends in the developmental field that move toward such formulations.     

大学生自卑心理特点

通过自编的大学生自卑心理问卷调查了751名大学生,发现大学生自卑心理存在如下特点:(1)在大学生中,自卑最高的是个性自卑与社会交往技能自卑;其次是学习经历自卑;长相自卑;再其次是发展自卑,家庭爱情自卑。(2)男大学生在家庭—爱情方面比女大学生自卑,有显著性差异。(3)专科学生在家庭爱情方面和学习经历方面比本科学生自卑,表现出显著性差异。(4)大学生中,一、二年级学生明显比三、四年级的学生感到自卑有显著性差异。     

当代大学生自我满意度的实证研究

采用杨国枢编制的华人自我满意度量表,对345名大学生的自我满意度进行考察,结果发现：（1）大学生自我满意度的总体水平较高,自我满意度的不同维度间存在差异;（2）大学生的自我满意度在不同年级、不同主观经济条件、不同家庭教养方式、不同家庭类型之间有显著性差异;（3）大学生的自我满意度不存在性别差异。     

观察学习理论指导下大学生榜样培育与宣传机制探究

榜样教育作为大学生思想政治教育的重要方法多年以来在思政教育中起着举足轻重的作用。当下社会风潮的多样化,微媒体的广泛传播和应用,潜移默化地改变着当代大学生。观察学习理论是班杜拉社会学习理论的重要内容,该理论十分强调榜样示范和社会环境对个体行为的形成和发展所起的重要作用。文章试图从观察学习的四个过程入手,探究在该理论基础上,榜样教育过程中榜样培育与宣传机制需要注意的新问题。     

性别差异视角下大学生职业选择及其影响因素——基于福州市高校2020届毕业生的调查

对福州市高校2020届毕业生进行问卷调查,运用Logistic回归模型对436份样本数据进行分析,研究发现:男大学生更倾向于选择专业技术型和管理职能型职业,女大学生则更青睐安全稳定型和管理职能型职业,自主创业尚未成为大学生的重要选择;大学生都倾向于在一、二线大城市或生源地就业,且其期望薪酬普遍高于社会供给水平;个人特质与社会文化对不同性别大学生职业选择均没有显著影响,所学专业、职业效能感、个体人力资本、职业薪酬福利和家庭期待对大学生职业选具有显著影响,但其影响场合、影响方向和影响效应在性别上表现出明显差异,凸显了对不同性别大学生开展差别化择业引导的重要性。     

谈图式理论与高职英语阅读

阅读理解能力历来是衡量学习者英语水平高低的重要标准之一,图式理论是认知心理学中用来解释心理过程的一种理论模式。本文通过介绍图式理论与高职英语阅读教学的关系,重点阐述图式理论在高职英语阅读的应用。     

Towards a Psychological Model of Teacher–Parent Communication in Hong Kong Primary Schools

Teacher attitudes and practices are considered as essential in fostering parental involvement in school education. In Hong Kong, amongst possible types of home–school links, teacher–parent communication about children's learning has been agreed to be the primary concern of both schools and parents. This paper reports a test of a psychological model of teacher–parent communication in Hong Kong primary schools. The model has taken into account the theory of planned behavior, self-efficacy theory, expectancy theory and theories of family–school relations. Scales for measuring the criterion and predictor variables have been developed. Variables that associated with teacher communication intention and practices were identified and path analyses linking the variables in a conceptual model were conducted. Results show that teacher commitment and teacher efficacy in working with parents have significant predictive power for teacher intention. Teacher intention, together with teacher commitment, has predictive power for teacher's time spent in communicating with parents. Relationships between individual teacher beliefs and the criterion variables are also described and discussed.     

A meta-analytic investigation of therapy modality outcomes for sexually abused children and adolescents: an exploratory study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the independent effects of different treatment elements on a number of secondary problems related to childhood and adolescent sexual abuse, as well as investigate a number of different moderators of treatment effectiveness. METHOD: Twenty-eight studies that provided treatment outcome results for children and adolescents who had been sexually abused were included in the meta-analysis. Different aspects of psychological treatment, such as specific treatment modalities (individual, cognitive-behavioral, etc.) or secondary problems (behavior problems, psychological distress, etc.) were investigated. RESULTS: The overall mean weighted effect size for the meta-analysis was d=.72 (SE=.02). The results indicate that psychological treatment after childhood or adolescent sexual abuse tended to result in better outcomes than no treatment. There was significant heterogeneity in the effectiveness of the various psychological treatment elements. Play therapy seemed to be the most effective treatment for social functioning, whereas cognitive-behavioral, abuse-specific, and supportive therapy in either group or individual formats was most effective for behavior problems. Cognitive-behavioral, family, and individual therapy seemed to be the most effective for psychological distress, and abuse-specific, cognitive-behavioral, and group therapy appeared to be the most effective for low self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of therapy modality should depend on the child's main presenting secondary problem. Further research should be conducted investigating other possible moderators and secondary problem outcomes.     

Family size,birth order,and intelligence in a large South American sample

The confluence theory, which hypothesizes a relationship between intellectual development birth order, and family size, was examined in a colombian study of more than 36,000 college applicants. The results of the study did not support the confluence theory. The confluence theory states that the intellectual development of a child is related to average mental age of the members of his family at the time of his birth. The mental age of the parents is always assigned a value of 30 and siblings are given scores equivalent to their chronological age at the birth of the subject. Therefore, the average mental age of family members for a 1st born child is 30, or 60 divided by 2. If a subject is born into a family consisting of 2 parents and a 6-year old sibling, the average mental age of family members tends, therefore, to decrease with each birth order. The hypothesis derived from the confluence theory states that there is a positive relationship between average mental age of a subject's family and the subject's performance on intelligence tests. In the Colombian study, data on family size, birth order and socioeconomic status was derived from college application forms. Intelligence test scores for each subject was obtained from college entrance exams. The mental age of each applicant's family at the time of the applicant's birth was calculated. Multiple correlation analysis and path analysis were used to assess the relationship. Results were 1) the test scores of subjects from families with 2,3,4, and 5 children were higher than test scores of the 1st born subjects; 2) the rank order of intelligence by family size was 3,4,5,2,6,1 instead of the hypothesized 1,2,3,4,5,6; and 3) only 1% of the variability in test scores was explained by the variables of birth order and family size. Further analysis indicated that socioeconomic status was a far more powerful explanatory variable than family size.     

Reflection‐Impulsivity and Wholist‐Analytic: two fledglings? ...or is R‐I a cuckoo?

Riding has proposed two families of cognitive styles: Wholist‐Analytic and Verbaliser‐Imager. Although the supporting empirical evidence has been demonstrated, the issue not fully addressed is whether the families are also theoretical valid. The task here is to evaluate the W‐A family against cognitive style theory, as proposed by Witkin and other style theorists. Several ideas are discussed: (1) Overall, the W‐A family provides a useful catalyst to styles research; (2) Despite the envisioned success of the W‐A family, reflection‐impulsivity may be a much less supportive member, having several differences with W‐A theory; (3) These have important implications for the continuing strength of styles theory and research. It also has strong implications for the application of cognitive styles in educational settings.     

高职生数学应用能力水平状况调查分析

采用试卷测试法、问卷调查法和访谈法,对高职生数学应用能力水平状况进行调查,结果显示高职生数学应用能力水平总体偏低,其原因主要是理解能力偏低,建模能力不强,数学基础知识和数学基本能力较差,元认知水平低。调研结果还显示当前的高职数学教学对于提高高职生数学应用能力水平没有明显作用。     

论影响大学生自主创业的因素

大学生正处在从理论到实践、从求知到创业的重要转折时期,大学生科技创新、自主创业越来越成为人们关注的话题,它对个人及社会都会产生深远而积极的影响．然而,自主创业是一项极具挑战性的社会活动,是对创业者自身智慧能力、气魄胆识的全方位考验．除了个人的素质和能力影响自主创业以外,家庭、学校、社会以及亲戚朋友等因素都会影响大学生自主创业。     

The Use of Family Therapy Within a University Counseling Center

As a counterpoint to the oftentimes adversarial way that parents are viewed when they appear to be overinvolved in the lives of their college-aged students, this article advocates for the use of a family therapy perspective in university counseling centers. Benefits of this perspective include a broadening of the lens through which individual concerns are seen and a more nuanced social justice analysis in which issues of gender, race, and class are highlighted. A review of family therapy literature is intertwined with discussion regarding the relevance of this perspective when working with college students. Vignettes illustrate various applications of college-based family psychotherapy.