(In)validation and (mis)recognition in higher education: the experiences of students from refugee backgrounds

Students from refugee backgrounds face unique challenges within higher education. This article reports analysis from a systematic review of qualitative research which aimed to explore these students’ experiences. Four databases were searched, inclusion/exclusion criteria applied and the remaining studies subjected to a quality assessment, leaving eight studies. The research adopted meta-ethnography as a method of data synthesis. An overarching theme of invalidation was identified within our synthesis of the research literature. We express this as a line-of-argument synthesis comprising seven metaphors, which aim to illustrate the ways in which refugee-background students’ higher education experiences can be understood as (largely) invalidating. Drawing on a range of literature, we argue that despite education’s potential for being an egalitarian, empowering and validating environment, the experiences documented in the research literature are conceptualised as relationally inegalitarian and an instance of ‘misrecognition’ of a group of students. This misrecognition appears to occur within and across the various micro, meso and macro social systems in which the students are situated. The implications of these findings for education are discussed.     

化学沉积法全盛纳米氧化铟的气敏特性研究

In2O3 nanoparticles were prepared from or with different indium salts by chemical precipitation under the conditions of various pH values. The crystal structure and ceramic microstructure of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that the mean grain size of In2O3 is less than 100 nm, and their particle homogeneity and dispersibility are satisfactory. The gas sensitivity defined as Ra/Rg was detected in a static system. The results show that the sensors made by as-prepared nanoparticles has high sensitivity to many gases such as alcohol, HCHO, NH3 , et al. The response time is less than 20 s and the recovery time is lower than 30 s.     

Numerical simulation of residual stress field induced by laser shock processing with square spot

Laser shock processing (LSP), also known as laser peening, is a novel surface treatment technique in the past few years. Compressive residual stresses which imparted by LSP are very important for improving fatigue, corrosion and wear resistance of metals. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulation using ABAQUS software has been applied to predict residual stresses induced by LSP on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy with laser pulse duration 30 ns and water confined ablation mode. The residual stress field generated by different shape laser spots was studied, and the square laser spot is shown the most suitability for avoiding stress lack phenomenon and overlapping LSP. Surface residual stresses and plastically affected depth within single square spot both increased with the increase of laser intensity and laser shock times. Furthermore, compared with circle and ellipse spot, the residual stress distribution in overlapping square spots is very uniform only with small overlapping ratio. LSP with square spot can process advantageous residual stress field, and this technique will be used widely.     

Simultaneous removal of cadmium and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution by rice straw biochar

The simultaneous sorption behavior and characteristics of cadmium (Cd) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on rice straw biochar were investigated. Isotherms of Cd and SMX were well modeled by the Langmuir equation (R2 >0.95). The calculated maximum adsorption parameter (Q) of Cd was similar in single and binary systems (34129.69 and 35919.54 mg/kg, respectively). However, the Q of SMX in a binary system (9182.74 mg/kg) was much higher than that in a single system (1827.82 mg/kg). The presence of Cd significantly promoted the sorption of SMX on rice straw biochar. When the pH ranged from 3 to 7.5, the sorption of Cd had the characteristics of a parabola pattern with maximum adsorption at pH 5, while the adsorption quantity of SMX decreased with increasing pH, with maximum adsorption at pH 3. The amount of SMX adsorbed on biochar was positively correlated with the surface area of the biochar, and the maximum adsorption occurred with d 250 biochar (biochar with a diameter of 150-250 μm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the removal of Cd and SMX by rice straw biochar may be attributed to precipitation and the formation of surface complexes between Cd or SMX and carboxyl or hydroxyl groups. The results of this study indicate that rice straw biochar has the potential for simultaneous removal of Cd and SMX from co-contaminated water.     

菊芋秆两相发酵产气特性研究

采用两相技术和排水集气法,研究了菊芋秆的产气特性.结果显示,菊芋是潜在的能源植物,厌氧发酵48 d,菊芋产气量为40518 mL,利用率为60.5%,具有潜在的利用价值.     

The Simulation Experiment of Ethanol Separation from Fermentation Broth by Gas Stripping

Inmicrobiaireactions.somesupersessionproductscanatfectviability'ofthemicroorganismsandgroWthofthecells.Forexample,ethanolproducedbyusingSaccharomycescaninhibitthegrowthofSaccharolnycesif]inananaerobiccondition.Thisphenomenoniscalledproductinhibition.Thedy…     

MTT法测定八种中草药体外抗肺癌细胞SPC-A1活性

[目的]建立一套高效、快速的体外中草药抗肺癌活性物质筛选模型。[方法]采用MTT法,对芸香草、地榆、甘草、柴胡、莪术、蜜蒙花、半边莲和旱芹等8种中草药体外抗肺癌细胞SPC-A1的活性进行检测。分析肿瘤细胞生长曲线,观察倒置显微镜下肺癌细胞在不同阶段的生长状况。[结果]在中草药活性物质作用下细胞尽管仍然贴壁,但出现萎缩及边缘清晰化,与生长状况良好的细胞形态区别明显。浓度为1.5mg/ml的莪术乙醇浸提液（ESCC）和甘草乙醇浸提液（ESCG）对体外培养的肺癌细胞SPC-A1有较强的抑制增殖作用,抑制率分别为：52.9%和51.6%,且抑制作用随着浓度的加大而加强。[结论]MTT法筛选可作为8种中草药抗肺癌细胞的一个基本筛选模型。     

决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷对D-半乳糖衰老小鼠学习记忆及代谢产物的影响

目的：观察决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷对D-半乳糖所致衰老小鼠学习记忆与相关酶及代谢产物的影响。方法：选用长期皮下注射D-半乳糖形成的衰老小鼠模型。结果：三等分辐射式迷宫（即Y-迷宫）及一次性被动回避反应测试,证实决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷对衰老小鼠的学习记忆障碍有显著的改善作用;决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷可显著降低衰老小鼠脑组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量、提高脑组织超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）水平和减少肝组织中脂褐素（LF）含量。决明子蛋白质尚能显著降低衰老小鼠脑组织中单胺氧化酶（MAO）含量。结论：决明子蛋白质和蒽醌苷具有抗衰老及促进学习记忆能力的作用。