物联网技术的异化和制度规约

物联网是什么？物联网不是互联网、传感网、产品电子代码,也不单纯是一种技术应用。物联网将“互联网”和“物”连接在一起,就意味着把破坏性创新引进到当今的信息和通信技术世界。与互联网不同,物联网是物、网络、语义等视角的综合而形成的集网络、应用服务于一体的技术融合系统。在物联网语境中,物联网技术像人一样形成了人为的自主特征。物联网意味着一种潜在的技术异化的环境：个人隐私以多种方式受到威胁。而现有对隐私的制度规约存在诸多的不完备性。     

The 2003 Benjamin Franklin medal in electrical engineering presented to Bishnu S. Atal

Dr. Atal was chosen for his fundamental contributions to speech coding in digital cellular telephony—specifically for pioneering work in linear predictive coding (LPC) and use of analysis-by-synthesis leading to multi-pulse excited linear predictive coding and code excited linear predictive coding (CELP). These are the basis of time-division and code-division cellular systems (TDMA & CDMA), the Nextel system, and the global system for mobile communications (GSM).     

Free-form searching via web sites: Content and moving observed in the context of personal development

This empirical article focuses on information seeking—related to personal development—via World Wide Web sites. In order to obtain detailed and valid data, free-form Web searches by 15 individuals were observed and videotaped. The 687 sites visited by the informants, along with their actions therein, were examined and coded. The study explores the entity focus and origin of the viewed WWW sites, as well as the tactics of moving within and between sites. Correlations between the variables are also analysed. One of the most interesting findings was that personal resources—documents within the user’s computer—are a part of the Internet, too, when they are connected to it. This observation highlights the potential importance of researching the ways in which internal and external search for information differs, and what roles local resources have.     

The Internet Backbone and the American Metropolis

Despite the rapid growth of advanced telecommunications services, there is a lack of knowledge about the geographic diffusion of these new technologies. The Internet presents an important challenge to communications researchers, as it threatens to redefine the production and delivery of vital services including finance, retailing, and education. This article seeks to address the gap in the current literature by analyzing the development of Internet backbone networks in the United States between 1997 and 1999. We focus upon the intermetropolitan links that have provided transcontinental data transport services since the demise of the federally subsidized networks deployed in the 1970s and 1980s. We find that a select group of seven highly interconnected metropolitan areas consistently dominated the geography of national data networks, despite massive investment in this infrastructure over the study period. Furthermore, while prosperous and internationally oriented American cities lead the nation in adopting and deploying Internet technologies, interior regions and economically distressed cities have failed to keep up. As information-based industries and services account for an increasing share of economic activity, this evidence suggests that the Internet may aggravate the economic disparities among regions, rather than level them. Although the capacity of the backbone system has slowly diffused throughout the metropolitan system, the geographic structure of interconnecting links has changed little. Finally, the continued persistence of the metropolis as the center for telecommunications networks illustrates the need for a more sophisticated understanding of the interaction between societies and technological innovations.     

A group recommendation system for online communities

Online communities are virtual spaces over the Internet in which a group of people with similar interests or purposes interact with others and share information. To support group activities in online communities, a group recommendation procedure is needed. Though there have been attempts to establish group recommendation, they focus on off-line environments. Further, aggregating individuals’ preferences into a group preference or merging individual recommendations into group recommendations—an essential component of group recommendation—often results in dissatisfaction of a small number of group members while satisfying the majority. To support group activities in online communities, this paper proposes an improved group recommendation procedure that improves not only the group recommendation effectiveness but also the satisfaction of individual group members. It consists of two phases. The first phase was to generate a recommendation set for a group using the typical collaborative filtering method that most existing group recommendation systems utilize. The second phase was to remove irrelevant items from the recommendation set in order to improve satisfaction of individual members’ preferences. We built a prototype system and performed experiments. Our experiment results showed that the proposed system has consistently higher precision and individual members are more satisfied.     

Detection-estimation strategies for delayed systems with unavailable packet sequence

In this paper, we study the problem of remote state estimation on networks with random delays and unavailable packet sequence due to malicious attacks. Two maximum a posteriori (MAP) schemes are proposed to detect the unavailable packet sequence. The first MAP strategy detects the packet sequence using data within a finite time horizon; the second MAP strategy detects the packet sequence by a recursive structure, which effectively reduces the computation time. With the detected packet sequence, we further design a linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE) estimation algorithm based on smoothing techniques, rather than using the classic prediction and update structure. A wealth of information contained in the combined measurements is utilized to improve the estimation performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated by simulation experiments.     

发展互联网经济推进智慧城市建设问题研究──以江苏省为例

互联网经济是建立在互联网基础上,以信息技术为核心的新的经济形态;智慧城市是利用新一代信息技术,实现城市管理服务、企业生存发展和居民生产生活方式的智能化,进一步提升城市发展核心竞争力,能够为居民提供高品质生活。为找准二者共同属性,以江苏省为例,分析发展互联网经济推动智慧城市建设的重要意义;根据智慧城市发展现状,提出智慧城市建设发展路径,力图推进传统产业与互联网相融合,加快经济转型升级,为全面实现智慧城市作出贡献。     

基于移动互联网的图书馆移动服务体系构想

移动互联网已逐渐渗透到人们工作、生活的各个领域,正在深刻改变着信息时代社会生活的方方面面。在这样的背景下,图书馆以传统图书馆、数字图书馆的发展成果为基础,结合最新的移动通信技术应用,开辟出新的服务技术和服务方法,建立基于移动互联网的移动搜索服务、移动阅读服务、移动自助服务、个人移动空间、移动学习社区和移动身份认证及移动支付服务等全新服务体系,以满足读者在移动互联网环境下的信息服务需求。     

浅谈信息技术在体育教学中的运用

随着信息技术和网络的普及,信息技术促使教育发生了巨大的变化。信息技术同样促进体育教育的发展。新形势下,体育教师需要有效地将信息技术应用到体育教学中。体育教学中的信息技术要基于课程标准下运用,合理运用信息技术能有效提高运动技能;进行学习效果的反馈、评价;激发学生学习兴趣;促进师生的交流;对学生进行评价等。现代信息技术教学能否成为体育教学的重要教学手段,体育教师的信息素质是决定性因素。     

Balancing act: Government roles in an energy conservation network

Government-led interorganizational alliance networks present a sensible opportunity to overcome many societal challenges through collaborative governance. In particular, few researchers have studied alliance networks in the field of energy conservation in commercial buildings—a sector with unique barriers to greater diffusion of innovative cost-saving strategies. We applied an analytic inductive case-based method and social network analysis to study one particular alliance network: the United States Commercial Building Energy Alliances representing interests from retail, commercial real estate, and healthcare sectors. This alliance network was initiated by the United States Department of Energy, with assistance from several federally funded research laboratories in the United States, to promote the diffusion of knowledge and ultimately encourage greater deployment of energy efficiency and clean energy strategies in commercial buildings. We draw upon interview data from 28 cases of private, non-profit, and governmental organizations and complete network data from the alliance participants. We honed in on eight focal cases of governmental organizations to provide insight on how the four forms of energy and environmental data, information, and knowledge shared within an alliance network address the challenge of a vastly underutilized energy resource, namely conservation. Further, we identify and discuss the public's four roles—Commissioner, Interpreter, Marketer, and User—in providing balance to the diffusion of both private and public goods in a network.     

Rob Kling and the Irvine School

Abstract

During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing and related commercial activities led to the evolution of “dense cores” of heavily populated areas. Fundamental to the operation of these industrial‐commercial cores was the development of service activities—banking, risk‐bearing, legal services—which depended on rapid exchange of information or quick “cycle times of information” for effective decision making and allocation of resources. As these cores radiate resources away from the central body toward less populated areas, the need for short cycle times of information in rural areas has become apparent. For example, modem agriculture is an enterprise that requires short time cycles of information exchange. The technology for building computer‐based information networks to facilitate the desired rapid transfer of information exists. However, the installation of hardware linked by reliable, cost‐effective communications networks is only in the beginning stages. One computer‐based information network that has successfully met the challenges of rapid transfer of agricultural management information to farmers is the University of Nebraska's AGNET system.     

互联网经济下的虚拟企业信息资源交互与保障机制研究

为适应互联网经济下的消费者灵捷需求,研究了依据客户需求而临时组建并经营的虚拟企业中的信息资源交互机制;运用进化博弈论方法对虚拟企业成员间的信息资源交互的合作方式、合作收益进行分析,得出了虚拟企业构建的经济基础;最后,针对互联网经济下的虚拟企业的知识管理与应用,研究了互联网经济下的虚拟企业信息资源保障机制。通过对互联网经济下的虚拟企业信息资源交互与保障机制的研究,为虚拟企业的信息资源管理提供理论基础与应用指引,以支持互联网经济下的传统企业的虚拟化运营。     

中日大学生网络学术信息消费主体的比较研究

大学生网络学术信息消费主体既区别于一般的网络信息消费主体,又区别于其他的网络学术信息消费主体。随着中国与日本之间学术交流的日益频繁、信息网络的不断发展,越来越多的大学生开始注重利用网络学术信息,并对其进行适当的消费。文章从中日比较的角度,分析两国大学生作为网络学术信息消费主体在各自网络学术信息消费中的体现,及其不同特点与成因。     

互联网信息对专利新颖性的影响

互联网的出现和普及,以及在互联网上拥有的大量最新的信息资料,使得对互联网的使用已成为当今科技工作中的一项不可缺少的工具。对新技术的研发和探索,通常都离不开在互联网上的查询和检索。这引出了在专利审查工作中是否应考虑将互联网上的信息作为判断新颖性的问题。本文针对该问题,就不同的观点进行了分析;探讨了将互联网信息作为考虑和判断专利新颖性时存在的困惑;并就是否应当在判断专利新颖性时考虑互联网上的信息,提出了自己的观点和看法。     

Science and Technology Studies Approaches to Internet Research

The field of science and technology studies provides three landmarks useful for orienting the loose constellation of intellectual projects pursued under the rubric of Internet research. Interdisciplinarity, networks, and politics offer a foundation from which social change and progress can be assessed. These landmarks can help to examine the rapid change, the micro and macro connections, the constraints and possibilities for self-organization that stand to reconfigure the substance of power, class, and culture associated with the adoption of new communication technologies.     

基于ASP.NET的电子商务系统

近些年,全球经济高速发展,网络盛行。因特网已然成为全球最大的通信和贸易中心,它孕育着巨大的潜力和商机。如何更加安全有效、方便快捷地搭建网站已经成为了人们关注的热点。本篇文章主要研究了电子商务网站的特点和模式,分析B2C类电子商务网站的购物流程,根据电子商务网站的功能模块,用Microsoft SQL Server设计数据库,运用类的特点,使用微软的.NET平台,用C#的语言环境建立出比较完善的电子商务网站,并架设在自己的计算机上,进行中小规模的测试和实验。     

论互联网的演变过程

本文从网络发展的角度，简要叙述了作为网络基本类型之一的全球网——互联网的背景、功能和演变过程，探讨了互联网与信息传递之间的关系，论述了互联网在人们相互之间的信息交流中所起到的不可估量的作用。     

Chinese Media,Global Contexts,edited by Chin-Chuan Lee. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. xii + 275 pp. $95.00 cloth. ISBN 0-415-30334-6

Abstract

Several information processing technologies which are capable of augmenting human performance in handling a range of emergency situations are featured in this discussion. Among the more sophisticated systems which have proven useful in enhancing information collection, transmission, and selective processing are packet radio networks, “expert planning systems,” multiple‐satellite technology, and such related emerging developments as “internetting” and “machine intelligence.”     

A case analysis of the adoption of Internet applications by local sporting bodies in New Zealand

As a unique type of community-based organisation (CBO), local sporting clubs are typically run by volunteers who regularly carry out the playing, coaching and administrative roles that keep them functioning. Through a case study involving a New Zealand hockey association, this article examines the extent to which sporting clubs use Internet applications by examining their use of email (for communications), club websites (for information provision) and online statistics (transactions). Rogers’ (2003) Innovation-Decision Process provides the theoretical framework for the study.