文献信息传播理论初探

The so-called doaumentary information denotes the process of realizing information livening and sharing by means of information exchange,distribution,transfer and circulation for a certain receiver.It is made up by disseminators,the dissemination channels,receiver audience and disseminative results.It is a process of developing and infinite circulation,having the features of characters of purpose and benefit,dynamic state and continution,fratuitousness and remuneration,education and learning,science and systematicness as well as ideology and awareness.There are natural and social functions of the documentary information dissemination.Its basic laws are laws of synchronization,selective compatibility,overlap and the finite law of meeting the needs of demands as well as the law of complementation,while the basic principles are service supremacy,open policy,forward limit,exrensiveness,rapidness,accuracy and exactitude as well as benefits.Ways of dissemination are of passive,active,participation,computer and network pattern and modes.ref.2     

Independent research of China in Science Citation Index Expanded during 1980–2011

The study explores the characteristics of China's independent research articles published from 1980 to 2011, based on the database of Science Citation Index Expanded. The publication outputs of seven major industrialized countries including Canada, France, Japan, Germany, Italy, the UK, and the USA were compared with China. Annual production, field performance, research emphases and trends, top articles, as well as main institutional and individual contributors by its top cited articles were analyzed. Some newly developed indicators related to words in title, author keywords, KeyWords Plus, first author, corresponding author, and Y-index were employed to provide in-depth information on topic and author contributions. Results showed that China has been closing the gap with the USA with the greatest growth, and has stood the second since 2006. Most top cited articles were published in 2000s, made up approximately seven tenths of total articles. Pronounced activities were found in chemistry and physics related categories. The core categories included multidisciplinary chemistry, physical chemistry, multidisciplinary materials science, and applied physics. Moreover, China's performance of nanotechnology and science, especially carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanostructures showed dramatic growth. Six top articles with at least 1000 citations were examined, and were observed to concern medicine, nanotube, and adsorption. In addition, main contributing institutions and authors were also revealed and evaluated. Chinese Academy of Sciences played a dominant role, and Tsinghua University, Peking University and five universities in Hong Kong showed good scientific performance.     

IoT and AI for Smart Government: A Research Agenda

The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of objects/things that contain electronics, software, sensors, and actuators, which allows these things to connect, interact, and exchange data. The users, sensors, and networks generate huge amounts of data from which governments can develop applications and gain knowledge using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. Thus, IoT and AI can enable the development of valuable services for citizens, businesses, and public agencies, in multiple domains, such as transportation, energy, healthcare, education, and public safety. This guest editorial for the special issue on IoT and AI for Smart Government, identifies the challenges involved in implementing and adopting these technologies in the public sector, and proposes a comprehensive research framework, which includes both IoT and AI elements for smart government transformation. Subsequently, the editorial provides a brief introduction of the six papers in this special issue. Finally, an agenda for future research on IoT and AI for smart government is presented, based on the proposed framework and gaps in existing literature, supported by the papers that were submitted to this special issue. The agenda comprises four directions i.e., conducting domain-specific studies, going beyond adoption studies to examine implementation and evaluation of these technologies, focusing on specific challenges and thus quick wins, and expanding the existing set of research methods and theoretical foundations used.     

Confession,confusion, and rule in a box? Archival accumulation in northwestern Germany in the age of confessionalization

This essay compares archival accumulation in clerical and secular principalities in seventeenth-century northwestern Germany. As this is known to be the age of confessionalization, the focus is on confessional convergences and divergences in the development of confession, rule, states, and archives. The sources show the emergence of administration, the accumulation of legitimation and evidence via archives, and confessional competition, as well as coincidences of centralization and separation. Catholic and clerical archives were oriented toward persisting written records and historical traditions, while in Protestant and secular contexts, we find novel developments: a new age, new confessions, the need for a new history together with the creation of a new (historical) identity, and thus, new archives. Later success stories that characterized the Protestant secular state as orderly, administration- and rule-related, and possessing well-indexed archives, however, neglect most Catholic and nongovernmental archives and their qualities.     

History of Philosophy

Sharples, R. W., Stoics, Epicureans and Sceptics
Brett, A. , Liberty, Rights and Nature
Della Rocca, M., Representation and the Mind-Body Problem in Spinoza
Stewart, M. A., and Wright, J. P., Hume and Hume's Connexions
Kerszberg, P., Critique and Totality     

The Place of Literature in an Increasingly Virtual World

The reading of literature fulfils a vital role in any educated and civilised nation. The book is being transformed, as digitisation becomes an increasing reality, however, literature will continue to retain a key place as a critical social and cultural artefact. Story, in whatever form, will continue to provide experiences of joy, amusement, fear, hope, betrayal, curiosity, love, forgiveness and sadness. Literature can do so much more than simply moving and entertaining us. It can impart knowledge, stimulate the imagination and can teach us about language, our world and our relationship to it. It can help us to relate to and understand one another, and can act both as a mortar to build rich personal and textual histories, and a bridge between our lives and the lives of others. As well, literature can enrich our lives, helping us to encounter ‘other worlds’, languages and experiences that are not within our lived experience. Finally, literature can transform us as language users, learners and people and present us with a different view of the world and our place in it. But as digitisation and new forms of communication change, will how we read and how we access and share books with one another also change? Finally, how might we sustain libraries and other spaces that readers frequent as ‘real’ communities where lovers of books dwell?     

基于科技政策和前沿动态的第四次工业革命关键技术和举措分析

为充分把握第四次工业革命的历史机遇,世界各国必然会瞄准战略科技领域,以一批关键技术为抓手,推出一系列的政策、战略、规划、计划和具体举措,推动科技进步和变革,在第四次工业革命中占据先发优势。本文以世界主要国家近年来发布的科技政策战略、前沿研发等重要动态新闻文本为分析对象,采用NLP (natural language processing)、文本挖掘、科学计量学等方法,揭示第四次工业革命中各国关注的重点领域技术和举措。研究结果发现,世界主要国家重点关注生物与农业、材料、航空航天与空间、数字与通信、能源、海洋、传统制造业等科技领域,积极布局量子计算、人工智能、再生能源、纳米技术、基因技术等关键技术,并采取投资计划、合作研究、政策研究和研究项目等发展举措推动上述科技领域和关键技术的发展。本文从动态新闻文本挖掘出发,梳理了第四次工业革命中世界主要国家布局的关键领域技术和重点举措。从理论意义上看,拓展了NLP、文本挖掘和科学计量学在科技政策研究中的应用场景;从实践意义上看,为我国布局第四次工业革命战略科技领域和关键技术、实施相应发展举措提供情报参考。     

馆藏期刊信息资源的配置

目前我国图书馆馆藏期刊资源建设中不同程度地存在着或偏重纸型期刊,或偏重电子期刊,或过分强调现实馆藏或过分依赖虚拟馆藏的倾向。要改变这一局面,应妥善处理好期刊资源配置中以下关系:纸型期刊与电子期刊的关系;中文期刊与外文期刊的关系;专业期刊与非专业期刊的关系;图书与期刊的关系;杂志与报纸的关系;正式刊物与内部刊物的关系;特色馆藏与一般馆藏的关系;现实需要与未来发展的关系;现实馆藏与虚拟馆藏的关系。     

基于GEM2.0的教育元数据应用纲要

本文论述了一个适用于高等教育环境的基于GEM2.0的教育元数据应用纲要。文章介绍了它的元数据表、受控词表／编码标准、标引指南和标引界面。元数据表由19个元素和多个扩展字段组成,在GEM2.0的基础上,它补充了课程名称、专业、研究小组、信息类型四个元素和课程教学资料类型、文献类型、工具书类型三个字段,这些元素与字段覆盖了高等教育环境下的教育资源,并可以与主题元素结合帮助用户快速而准确地获取信息。自建的课程教学资料类型、文献类型、工具书类型和信息类型四个受控词表有一定的参考价值。标引指南对元素、字段含义、标引原则和著录方式作了详尽说明。标引界面和工作流程的设计则兼合考虑了普通用户的需求和标引质量的保证。     

An Introduction to “Visualizing Russian History” The Russian Revolution Centennial: Exhibitions,Collections, Audience

ABSTRACT

The Russian Revolution Centennial has called forth many exhibitions of the vast holdings of libraries, archives, museums and other collections. This special issue reviews major exhibitions, the history of the collections and the conceptions and strategies of curators. Revolution’s centennial in 2017 called forth numerous conferences, programs, lectures, publications, and other events. One of the richest avenues of celebration and scholarship was the many brilliant exhibitions organized by archives, museums, and other repositories. The centennial provided an occasion for assessing and for rethinking the modes of presentation and the significance of many types of collections. What to show, how to show it, and for whom became big questions to which curators, archivists, art historians, and many others came up with big answers. These exhibitions and initiatives have pointed the way toward new and welcome collaboration between curators, archivists, historians of art and photography, and political and social historians of the Russian Revolution.     

医学学术期刊栏目的分类与设计原则

论述医学学术期刊栏目的功能、分类、设计原则和要点.其功能有导读、导向、个性化、分类、检索功能;其分类为评论、论著、综述、指导、理论、争鸣讨论、普及、宣传、信息、互动类;设计原则为坚持办刊方针和宗旨、体现读者定位、注重临床需要、突出期刊特色、促进学术发展、增强期刊个性、保持相对稳定原则;其要点为创新性、时效性、合理性、导向性.     

基于搜索引擎与用户体验优化的OPAC研究

针对当前OPAC网站缺少搜索引擎与用户体验优化而造成用户流失的现状,对OPAC优化的背景、现状与需求、搜索引擎与用户体验优化概况、用户体验与访问质量及优化策略进行研究.通过采用简短域名、提高系统访问速度、设计简洁大方的页面布局、编写简单明了的网页源代码、使用规范的Html标签、放置科学合理的关键词、设置尽量短的内部链接及提升用户体验等优化策略,并对OPAC与搜索引擎、活跃用户与流失用户、优化的影响与评价等关系进行详细分析,呼吁重视OPAC的搜索引擎与用户体验优化工作,以增加活跃用户,实现OPAC的核心价值.图3.表2.参考文献16.     

人地系统主题数据库建设与数据共享服务

人地系统主题数据库以人口、资源、环境和社会发展为核心,服务于人地系统基础研究、社会经济可持续 发展和国家战略需求。主题库由自然资源及其开发利用、环境灾害及其治理、人口与劳动力、社会发展、地理背景、 遥感及地表参数、典型示范区及全球数据等八大类,共32 个子库构成,数据资源总量8.8TB 左右。主题数据库共享服 务平台由一个主节点和3 个分节点组成,除具有一般数据库服务系统所具有的数据检索、查询、下载等基本功能外,还 具有属性数据可视化、数据在线分析、区域可持续发展评价等特色功能。在建设和运行期间,主题数据库为国家和区 域资源开发,环境保护,可持续发展研究、分析、评价与决策,国土资源规划,生态系统过程监测与调控等领域提供 了大量的数据服务。     

新起点新视野新任务——第五次全国公共图书馆（成人馆部分）评估定级标准解读

根据文化部要求,第五次全国公共图书馆评估定级工作于2013年全面展开.受文化部委托,国家图书馆研究院对第四次公共图书馆评估标准进行修订,制订第五次公共图书馆评估标准.新标准的制定总结了前四次评估工作的经验和不足,结合当前事业发展面临的新形势和新任务,借鉴国内外已有相关研究和实践成果,并广泛征求了业界和学界的意见.新标准分为设施与设备、经费与人员、文献资源、服务工作、协作协调、管理与表彰、重点文化工程七个部分.修订重点包括:注意与相关政策及标准的衔接;优化指标体系框架及分值分配;增删和调整部分指标内容;调整部分指标的取值;细化指标的备注说明;调整定级必备条件.     

车载有声读物的发展现状及前景分析

无论在内容开发、录音制作,还是在产品发行、营销上,车载有声读物都还处于起步阶段。在内容储备与质量、定价与销售渠道、市场竞争力与受众定位等方面存在许多问题与不足,如文本来源单一,内容储备不足;价格过高,销售渠道单一;用户黏性不足,难以养成使用习惯;市场占有率低,难以同其他媒体抗衡,法制建设不健全,盗版侵权问题挤占盈利空间。从车载有声读物自身优势、巨大的潜在市场、丰富的文化资源储备、已有的发展基础四个方面来看,车载有声读物发展具有可行性。从内容与受众、质量与价格、销售与营销、宣传与品牌以及广告与盈利五个角度来看,车载有声读物的发展路径还可以更明晰。     

Assessing books’ depth and breadth via multi-level mining on tables of contents

Compared with journal articles, books can provide broader, deeper and more comprehensive information, and often have higher expertise and academic depth. However, most researches on book assessment focus on measuring academic value of books (e.g. citations analysis) or identifying attitudes of readers (e.g. book review mining), depth and breadth reflected by book contents is neglected. Therefore, in this paper, we measure books’ depth and breadth by mining books’ tables of contents, so as to enrich resources and methods for book assessment research, help users understand book contents quickly and improve efficiency of book selection. Specifically, we measured books’ depth and breadth based on books’ tables of contents via two levels: topic level and feature level. Firstly, we obtained topic-level metrics by identifying topics expressed in tables of contents and calculating topic distributions. Then, we got feature-level results via feature extraction and feature distribution calculation. Finally, we compared depth and breadth metrics and other book assessment metrics. Experimental results reveal that, books’ depth and breadth at two levels are different, and substantial differences between disciplines and book types are obvious. In addition, books’ depth and breadth can provide alternative and supplementary information for assessing multi-dimensional values of books.     

投资者信息行为分析:信息源的选择与利用研究

文章采用案例研究与半结构化深度访谈法研究个体股票投资者信息搜寻过程中信息源的选择和利用。通过开放编码和描述性统计对数据进行定性和定量分析。研究发现,财经网站、电视及投资者自身是投资者的主要信息来源;质量、数量、时间及个人内在因素是投资者选择和利用信息源时考虑的主要维度;而方便性、客观可信性、权威性、使用习惯等则是用户选择信息源时遵循的主要标准。投资经验、投资知识和投资模式一定程度上影响用户信息源选择;信息源的选择和利用与投资者的投资成功与否有一定关系。     

Interdisciplinary scholarly collaboration in data-intensive,public-funded,international digital humanities project work

The information practices of collaborative interdisciplinary researchers, especially in distributed environments, remain understudied. Embracing the naturalistic paradigm, this qualitative case study relies upon semi-structured interviews, snowball sampling, and grounded analysis. Based on interviews with 53 participants from 11 Digging Into Data 3 (DID3, 2014-2016) projects, this study examines the working practices of scholars (library and information science professionals, humanists, and computer scientists) engaging in collaborative, international, data-intensive, publicly-funded interdisciplinary research. Benefits of such work include avoiding redundancy, exploding disciplinary silos, and more ambitious, larger-scale outputs. Challenges and lessons learned center on innovation, flexibility, and failure, translation, intermediaries, divisions of labor and delegation of responsibilities and tasks, conflict resolution, technology, outputs and publication, and timeframe, sustainability, and infrastructure.     

Collection Development and Management in Special Libraries in India

Special libraries, as differentiated from general public libraries and academic libraries, are devoted to specialized fields of science and technology, agriculture, medicine, social sciences, economics and the like. Such libraries are attached to research organizations, government departments, departments in universities, industrial organizations, professional societies and trade associations, etc. Special libraries customarily maintain a regular and systematic information service covering the immediate and future interests of the organizations of which they are part. This necessitates the development and management of an adequate collection of books, periodicals, reports, patents, standards, government publications, maps, audio-visual records, etc. issuing from a multitude of publishing bodies. In house publications, market surveys, data files, etc. are also brought together in these collections. All items are of course made available for consultation by being adequately classified or indexed and organised in a particular fashion and maintained for future reference.