State Education Finance and Governance Profile: Mississippi

WHAT'S HAPPENING TO AMERICAN ENGLISH? by Am Tibbetts and Charlene Tibbetts. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978. xiii + 189. $8.95.

HISTORY, EDUCATION, AND PUBLIC POLICY edited by Donald R. Warren. Berkeley, California: McCutchan Publishing Corp., 1978. 318 pp. $13.50.

RESEARCH CENTERS DIRECTORY, Sixth Edition. Edited by Archie M. Palmer. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1979. xii + 1,121 pp. $85.00     

State Education Finance and Governance Profile: Delaware

McDougall, William. Outline of Psychology. New York: Scribners, 1923. Pp. xii + 456.

Josey, C. C. The Social Philosophy of Instinct. New York: Scribners, 1922. Pp. 274.

Phillips, Claude A. Modern Methods and the Elementary Curriculum. New York: Century Company, 1923.

Bradbuky, Robert H. A First Book in Chemistry. New York: Appleton, 1922.     

State Education Finance and Governance Profile: Louisiana

Since the separate-but-equal era, students attending schools with high concentrations of Black students have attempted to improve the quality of their educations through school finance litigation. Because of the negative effects of racial isolation, Black students might consider mounting school finance litigation to force states to explicitly address the problems experienced by school districts with high concentrations of Black students (Green, Baker, &; Oluwole, 2008). This article assesses the role of the courts in remedying the disparities experienced by high-concentration Black school districts through school finance litigation. The first section provides a brief overview of prior attempts to challenge racial funding disparities in the federal courts. The second section discusses the importance of considering race in future school finance litigation. The third section assesses whether plaintiffs from high-concentration Black school districts can obtain equal educational opportunity through state courts.     

State Education Finance and Governance Profile: Maryland

The preceding articles in this issue of the Peabody Journal of Education have focused on preparation for and entry into professional positions in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). This article shifts the focus from professional positions to STEMM support occupations, focusing on the preparation necessary for entrance into this alternate STEMM field. As a group, STEMM support occupations feature shorter periods of formal training for entry, lower requirements for advanced study, and more flexibility in regard to the timing and entry into the workforce. Many of the young adults who eventually entered a STEMM support occupation did not make that decision until later along the educational pathway than did students who became STEMM professionals. Beyond the general features of the support occupations, an initial analysis also points to important differences between support occupations related to medicine and support occupations related to other areas of science and technology.     

State Education Finance and Governance Profile: South Carolina

As more state legislatures join the debate on school-choice and parent-trigger legislation, their discussions draw attention to an evolving landscape outside school walls where parental action shapes educational opportunity. Parents wield their political, social, economic, and cultural capital to secure the best educational outcomes for their children. This paper identifies the political frames that distinguish the educational opportunity-seeking behavior of middle-, working-, and lower-class parents. Rational choice and interest group theories are used to explain the politics of middle-class opportunity hoarding by way of tracking and school-choice practices. Policy entrepreneurship and interest group theory provide the frameworks to explain the support for vouchers and parent-trigger laws by lower- and working-class parents as part of their opportunity-prying efforts.     

State Education Finance and Governance Profile: North Carolina

Educational cost functions are used to estimate the additional costs associated with certain student and school district characteristics. Scholars and policymakers often assert that the results of cost function analysis can be used to distribute state aid more equitably among school districts. This technique, commonly referred to as “costing out,” allows state aid to vary with characteristics over which school officials have no control, with weights equal to coefficient estimates. This article reviews the literature that estimates educational cost functions and attempts to facilitate the comparison between the studies' methodologies and results.     

大学治理:责任与财政

大学的演变主要体现在大学的结构、治理、管理系统、拨款机制方面以及知识、形式与内容的多样化。大学在公众参与和权威主义方面已经从一个极端走向了另一个极端。大学的未来取决于社会的引导和内部的共生。高等教育已经从以学习者为中心转向以教学和管理人员的共生结构为中心,高等教育经费需要多样化的渠道。大学的持续变革对于学校内部机制的公平、效力、效率、相关性,以及学生、教授、研究者和管理者等大学成员的道德规范提出了要求。     

From State Control to Governance: Decentralization and Higher Education in Guangdong,China

In China there has been a strong trend to diversification and decentralization of education in the post-Mao period. This paper examines how the policy of decentralization has affected the governance of universities in Guangdong. More specifically, the paper focuses on reform of the financing and management structure, the merging of universities, and joint development programmes to enhance competitiveness. Despite these changes, the state's role as a regulator and overall service coordinator has been strengthened rather than weakened under the policy of decentralization. This paper not only examines the recent developments in Guangdong's higher education but also analyses such developments in light of the global trend towards decentralization in educational governance.     

From State Control to Governance: Decentralization and Higher Education in Guangdong, China

In China there has been a strong trend to diversification and decentralization of education in the post-Mao period. This paper examines how the policy of decentralization has affected the governance of universities in Guangdong. More specifically, the paper focuses on reform of the financing and management structure, the merging of universities, and joint development programmes to enhance competitiveness. Despite these changes, the state's role as a regulator and overall service coordinator has been strengthened rather than weakened under the policy of decentralization. This paper not only examines the recent developments in Guangdong's higher education but also analyses such developments in light of the global trend towards decentralization in educational governance.     

State Education Governance and Policy: Dynamic Challenges,Diverse Approaches,and New Frontiers

State governments are crucial actors in the nation's system of education governance. This issue of the Peabody Journal of Education underscores the wide-ranging roles that state governments play in the oversight, development, and implementation of elementary and secondary education policy in the United States. In this article, I consider these individual analyses by reflecting on the broader themes and patterns that they suggest. I argue that at the dawn of the 21st century, the 50 U.S. states face dynamic challenges that are testing their institutions of governance. States are also simultaneously crossing new frontiers that will influence future policy and opportunities for the nation's students.     

国家治理模式的演进与公民教育的嬗变——俄罗斯公民教育百年变迁初探

俄罗斯不同发展时期的国家治理模式很大程度上主导了公民教育的发展方向.苏联时期全能主义国家治理模式占据主导,社会主义话语体系中的公民教育以共产主义思想品德教育为核心,强调训导和说教;叶利钦时期采取新自由主义转型战略而促成的秩序分裂型国家治理模式,倡导公民教育“西化”和去意识形态化;普京时期探索回归秩序整合型的现代国家治理模式,主张公民教育的理性重构和爱国主义教育的全面凸显.     

国家治理视野下的高等教育治理变迁——高等教育治理的变与不变

中国高等教育治理变迁70年,大致经历了中国高等教育制度的探索与建立(1949~1977年)、中国高等教育办学体制和管理体制改革(1978~2011年)以及以治理体系和治理能力现代化改革为旨归(2012至今)三个阶段。从70年的治理变迁中不难发现,我国高等教育改革发展呈现出鲜明的中国特征,主要体现为:始终坚持和完善党的领导、政府政策始终发挥主导作用、高等学校内部治理的基本制度框架始终是党委领导下的校长负责制等。这些相关治理制度在高等教育实践中不断形成、确立、完善和定型,并逐渐成为中国高等教育治理的根本制度。同时,在这70年中,中国高等教育治理在高等学校的法律地位、学术权力在高等教育治理中的作用以及全球化背景下中国高等教育治理方式等三个方面都发生了转变。未来,在国家治理视域下,中国高等教育治理应着重考虑如何将制度优势转化为治理效能。