美国数字档案资源长期保存战略的分析与启示

美国国家档案与文件管理署2017年8月发布了首个《数字档案资源长期保存策略》,突破了传统长期保存战略制定以图书情报机构为主导的局限,专门针对数字档案资源的长期保存进行了战略规划。本文关注到这一战略在档案长期保存领域中的突破意义,对战略文本和其他相关政策开展文本研究,分析战略的制定背景,并从路线规划、宏观战略与中观策略等方面探析战略的具体内容,以探求美国制定数字档案资源长期保存战略的经验与方法,为我国相关战略的制定提供借鉴。     

Archival orthodoxy of post-custodial realities for digital records in South Africa

Some public entities in South Africa have implemented digital records systems over a period of 20 years. In terms of the South African archival legal framework, there is a need for such entities to transfer the records into archival custody. However, there is consensus among researchers that there is no infrastructure to ingest digital records into archival custody in South Africa. Furthermore, some public entities have migrated from one system to another since implementation and there is a possibility that records might have been lost during migration. This study demonstrates through literature review the unconscious archival orthodoxy of post-custodial realities in South Africa. The study recommends that public entities should apply for exemption from archival legislation in order to develop an interim solution for the preservation of digital records. The National Archives and Records Service of South Africa (NARSSA) is also encouraged to develop a policy on distributed custody to allow government entities to create interim solutions for preserving digital records. Both public entities and NARSSA should invest in capacity development, including training and provision of sustainable infrastructure required to preserve digital records. It is hoped that this study will influence policy-making with regard to custody of digital records.     

On the crest of a wave: transforming the archival future

The profession of digital archivist is crystallising, fundamentally challenging traditional archival roles. The very nature of digital records also challenges the sustainability of archival systems and collections. Records that used to stay stable for decades in an analogue world now risk being lost or damaged within moments of creation. How should archivists react to these changes? Archivists have to lift ourselves out of our analogue environment and focus more effort on forging a new path, to reposition archives, archival institutions and archival practitioners more strategically for the future. To do this, archivists must resist the temptation to think that we and we alone – as people, as archivists or as today’s archivists as opposed to yesterday’s archivists – can come up with the ultimate solution to the world’s recordkeeping problems. Archivists must keep innovating, absolutely. But we also need to be agile and flexible, remembering that anything we come up with today will be superseded at some point in the future – increasingly, in the very near future. Archivists need to forge links with archives, systems and people in order to come up with approaches to records and archives care that remain usable now and flexible well into the future.     

The Challenges of Archiving Digital Information

This paper examines the need for re-evaluating archival principles and practices. Opportunities created to enhance and enrich archival work and difficulties of archiving digital information, because of its nature, are reviewed. “Records series” are used to illustrate the consequences in terms of selection and appraisal of records. The preservation of digital information also raises new challenges. The impact of digital information on the ethical, legal and societal issues (protection, confidentiality, privacy, etc.) is emphasized.     

The Challenges of Archiving Digital Information

This paper examines the need for re-evaluating archival principles and practices. Opportunities created to enhance and enrich archival work and difficulties of archiving digital information, because of its nature, are reviewed. “Records series” are used to illustrate the consequences in terms of selection and appraisal of records. The preservation of digital information also raises new challenges. The impact of digital information on the ethical, legal and societal issues (protection, confidentiality, privacy, etc.) is emphasized.     

K-12 Instruction and Digital Access to Archival Materials

Abstract

Providing K-12 schools with digital access to archival materials can strengthen both student learning and archival practice, although it cannot replace direct physical access to records. This article compares a variety of electronic and non-electronic projects to promote teaching with primary source materials. The article also examines some of the different historiographical and pedagogical approaches used in archival Web sites geared for K-12 instruction, focusing on differences between the educational sites sponsored by the Library of Congress and the National Archives and Records Administration.     

Contemporary Archival Diplomatics as a Method of Inquiry: Lessons Learned from Two Research Projects

This article explores the use of contemporary archival diplomatics as a method of inquiry in two recent electronic records research projects, namely,The Protection of the Integrity of Electronic Records Project (the UBC Project) and theInternational Research on the Preservation of Authentic Records in Electronic Records Systems Project (the InterPARES 1 Project). The first part of the article examines the historical and contemporary literary warrant underpinning diplomatics as a method of inquiry; the second part provides case studies of two illustrative examples of the process and results of the application of contemporary archival diplomatics in the abovementioned research projects; the third part considers the current status and possible future directions for the use of contemporary archival diplomatics as a research method and concludes with some observations about the value of multiple methods and alternative interpretive frameworks in archival research.     

Beyond chip monks and paper tigers: towards a new culture of archival format specialists

The emergence of the new format of electronic/digital records provides the opportunity for archivists to reconsider the presumed format-neutrality of professional practice. As research in electronic records has served to re-emphasise, without an understanding of the needs and forms of material, then the work of archivists can have a profound impact on the evidential value and long-term research potential of the material. This paper attempts to broaden the debate about the requirements of all archival formats, and to build a new regime of 21st-century format specialists.

面向公众需求的档案服务绩效评估——基于绩效棱柱的评估模型构建与运行

国家档案局提出“三个体系”,要求档案部门采取措施,切实满足公众的档案需求.面向公众需求的档案服务的顺利开展和不断发展,需要对其进行绩效评估,不断地改进档案服务工作.本文试图将管理学中的绩效棱柱法引进档案服务工作领域,借鉴绩效棱柱法的理念与架构,创立符合档案服务工作实际的绩效评估体系,进而以合理有效的绩效评估结果,来促进...     

双重价值论面临的挑战与档案价值理论的重构

档案进入数据态管理模式,需要新的档案价值鉴定体系.在概述谢伦伯格文件双重价值理论的核心要点的基础上,分析档案管理模式改变、信息公开、电子文件以及档案数据对双重价值理论时序性假设和方便利用等假设的冲击,反思双重价值理论在信息时代存在的合理性.从多元性角度重构档案价值理论,提出档案价值多元模型、档案多元价值变化时间模型,对...     

Factors influencing the integration of digital archival resources: a constructivist grounded theory approach

This paper discusses the factors influencing the integration of digital archival resources in China. The integration of digital archival resources as discussed in this article refers to the way in which information contained within dispersed digital archives within a country, or a specific area such as a province, city or county, can be successfully integrated, classified and restructured around specific topics and actual needs in order to realise optimal social sharing and utilisation of digital archival resources. There is little Chinese published research regarding what factors influence the integration of digital archival resources. This article, therefore, uses Charmaz’s Constructivist Grounded Theory approach and draws forth the theory that archivists’ cognition on the integration of digital archival resources and the context (which consists of the organisational culture of archives, archives management systems, and the laws and regulations on archives disclosure), influence the integration of digital archival resources, and these factors interact with each other. This theory can also be illustrated by the model: cognition–context–action. This research can provide some recommendations for the promotion and sustainable development of the integration of digital archival resources in China as well as other countries.     

参与式数字档案资源建设的模式研究

数字时代“,参与”已成为档案实践领域的重要特征和档案理论研究领域的核心概念。本文在提出参与式数字档案资源建设概念模型的基础上,对数字档案资源建设中的各类参与式实践进行识别、归类和特征描述,并将其分为“内部授权个体参与”模式、“内部授权组织参与”模式和“服务用户参与”三类模式。本文所阐述的全面系统的参与式数字档案资源建设模式既为档案实践提供了多种创新路径,又为档案学术研究提供了若干值得深入研究的课题。     

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��[Purpose/significance] Archival document compilation is the main way to bring the value of archives into full play. The establishment of the competency model of archival compilers in the digital age is of great significance to the selection of qualified compilers, the maximization of the human cost of archival institutions and the improvement of the quality of archival document compilation products.[Method/process] In this study, competency factors were extracted by means of analysis on the existing documents and the working process of archival document compilation and revised by consulting experts. The research investigated archives practitioners,researchers and educators via questionnaire survey, used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the dimension of the data. The final model was constructed by referring to the quality iceberg model and onion model.[Result/conclusion] This paper put forward 21 competency factors of archival document compilers in the digital age, and integrated them into four dimensions:professional awareness, knowledge, professional skills and general ability. Considering the overall strategy of archival undertakings and the digital age, the competency model of archival document compilers was established.     

数字时代档案文献编纂人员胜任力模型研究

[目的/意义]数字时代档案文献编纂人员胜任力模型的建立对于选择符合要求的编纂人员、最大化运用档案机构人力成本、提高档案文献编纂成果的质量有着重要意义。[方法/过程]对现有文献进行分析,并结合档案文献编纂工作流程提取胜任力要素,通过专家咨询法对提取的要素进行修正,使用问卷调查法收集数据并运用探索性因子分析法对调研结果进行降维,借鉴素质冰山模型和洋葱模型构建最终模型。[结果/结论]提出21项数字时代档案文献编纂人员胜任力要素,整合成职业意识、知识、专业技能和通用能力4个维度,在档案事业整体战略和数字时代的大前提下,建立档案文献编纂人员胜任力模型。     

基于档案多元论的国家数字档案资源建设评估指标体系构建研究[l1]

本文旨在数字转型背景下,构建一套国家数字档案资源建设评估指标体系。文章综合分析了国内外数字档案资源建设相关评估指标体系的研究现状和存在问题。在档案多元论的指导下,通过分析借鉴数字档案资源建设相关评估指标体系研究,构建了一套国家数字档案资源建设评估指标体系,并通过访谈和问卷调查,对评估指标体系进行了初步验证。     

海量档案数字资源智能管理及挖掘分析方法研究

随着电子政务的发展,国内档案数字资源的建设已经取得了很大的进展,逐渐形成了海量的档案数字资源。传统的档案管理系统提供了档案数据的存储、管理等功能,但并不支持海量档案数据的挖掘分析,无法充分利用档案数据隐含的价值提升档案管理和公众服务水平。语义网技术的发展为档案数据的管理和利用,提供了新的应用研究方向。本文将针对档案数据的特点,深入分析语义网技术在档案数据挖掘分析中的作用,最后探讨将来档案管理系统可能的建设方向和存在的问题。将语义网技术引入数字档案馆建设,将为管理部门提供有效的高效管理工具,也将为公众提供更好的公共信息服务。     

Educating for trust

Rapid technological advances are fuelling trust requirements and concerns about public and private sector records alike. To guarantee the reliability and authenticity of records requires a framework of policies, procedures, technologies, and intentional action or intervention by ??trusted custodians?? who have the knowledge required for attesting to and ensuring the continuing authenticity of the records. Records professionals have claimed the role of trusted keepers of the authentic record of our times, but how do they earn that trust? To begin, by acquiring competence. In order to define what kind of education would contribute to qualifying records professionals as competent, it is necessary to identify the components of knowledge they require and the role that society at large expects of them. The responsibilities and challenges presented by managing digital records through time are ones that records professionals should not meet in isolation. In order for records to be able to serve as evidence of actions and events, they must be protected as such. Records-related knowledge requirements are being articulated in the related disciplines of archival science and records management, law, digital forensics, and information assurance and cyber-security. The need for interdisciplinary knowledge to understand and manage the complexities of digital records is being realized in new research alliances that foster the development of knowledge that can support the role of trusted keepers of the authentic record of our times. One such alliance is the Digital Records Forensics Project at the University of British Columbia.     

Utilizing Systems Development Methods in Archival Systems Research: Building a Metadata Schema Registry

This paper discusses the use of systems development research methods in the context of ongoing research that is formulating a specification for a metadata schema registry. The paper extrapolates from this discussion how such methods can be utilized in archival systems research and how such an approach differs from commercial systems engineering. In particular, the paper suggests that adopting a user-centred prototyping approach in a research context allows for exploration of the interplay between theory and practice, advancing the practice, while also offering new insights into theoretical concepts. It argues that these research methods are of increasing interest to the archival profession in order to conceptualise and realise the tools necessary to support recordkeeping and archival processes in digital environments.