教育控制:集权与分权问题及其张力

教育系统的不同成分可以通过不同方式进行管理和控制,难以简单化地将教育系统称为集权型或分权型。大多数教育系统是动态的,在集权与分权之间不断寻求平衡。探讨不同背景下教育集权与分权的含义、动力、模式和度量,并就关涉效率与社会公平的实例特别是中等教育毕业考试、中小学教材管理和大学管理问题进行分析表明,尽管教育集权与分权通常用技术标准加以证明,但政治因素常常是最重要的。不同的教育管理模式各有其优点和缺点,要找到一个适合所有国家的模式是不可能的。     

行政决策:从权力型转向责任型

我国传统的权力型行政决策模式带来了诸多的弊端,异化了公共政策的价值.责任型的决策模式体现了民本取向.要促使权力型决策向责任型决策转化,必须从观念转变、制度设计、方法完善等方面着力.     

A study of in-service teacher educator roles,with implications for a curriculum for their professional development

In-service educators have a crucial role to play in meeting the professional learning needs of teachers of the future, according to the Council of Europe’s ‘ET 2020’, although it is less clear what that role entails. This empirical study, undertaken in a university school of English language in Turkey, explores the everyday experience of a team of wholly school-based in-service educators and develops a model of their role based on an analysis of questionnaire, interview and focus group data. The results attest to the complexities of the in-service educator’s role, revealing them to be more than simply effective teachers. Catering for affective needs, coaching a broad range of clients, interpreting contextual variables and providing appropriate feedback represent some of the challenges in-service educators are facing in the research context, which set them apart and suggest important lessons for the development of an in-service educator training curriculum.     

浅谈高职院校“订单教育”校本课程的开发

本文根据现今高职院校订单教育发展现状及特点,提出订单教育校本课程开发迫在眉睫。本文阐述了订单教育校本课程开发的重要意义,并提出在订单教育校本课程开发过程中需要注意的一些问题。以求更好的推动订单教育校本课程的开发。     

Discipline-specific feedback literacies: A framework for curriculum design

Higher Education - Feedback literacy is an important graduate attribute that supports students’ future work capacities. This study aimed to develop a framework through which...     

推进农村初中校本课程开发的对策思考

校本课程开发是农村初中课程改革中的一项重要内容.在经济欠发达地区农村初中课程改革的实施过程中,校本课程开发受到了开发环境和开发主体等因素的制约.面对这一现实情况,若要使校本课程开发真正起到体现农村学校办学特色的作用,就必须改善校本课程开发的客观环境,提高校本课程开发主体的自身素质,建立合理的校本课程开发评价机制.     

Discursive institutionalism: towards a framework for analysing the relation between policy and curriculum

Discourse approaches in education policy analysis have gained prominence in the last decade. However, though the literature on policy discourses is growing, different conceptions of the ‘discursive’ dimension and its potential for empirical analysis related to the field of curriculum policy have not yet been fully researched. To address this gap in education policy research, this article explores the framework of discursive institutionalism. Using background and foreground ideas and coordinative and communicative discourses on three analytically distinct levels, this article proposes and discusses a framework for empirically analysing, explaining and understanding education reforms on the transnational and local levels. The introduced conceptual framework represents an integration of discursive institutionalism (DI) and curriculum theory (CT) to provide a more multifaceted set of concepts to explore the lending and borrowing of transnational education policies and their application at both national and local levels. These concepts have been applied as analytical tools in a research study on the most recent curriculum reform in Sweden, and they may serve as an example of how different ideas, discourses and levels can be distinguished in research studies to maintain the complexity of education reforms.     

A theoretical framework for integrating creativity development into curriculum: the case of a Korean engineering school

Existing approaches to developing creativity rely on the sporadic teaching of creative thinking techniques or the engagement of learners in a creativity-promoting environment. Such methods cannot develop students’ creativity as fully as a multilateral approach that integrates creativity throughout a curriculum. The purpose of this study was to formulate a theoretical framework for a curriculum that fosters creativity. Based on the analysis of documents from accreditation organizations and engineering programs, the researchers synthesized the essential abilities and knowledge of creative engineers and formulated an initial theoretical framework for an engineering curriculum designed to integrate creativity development. To validate this initial framework, in-depth faculty interviews were conducted. The results pointed to an optimal curriculum containing four course groups centered on design, domain knowledge, interdisciplinary knowledge, and creative leadership. In addition, the findings revealed an optimal structure and sequence for the courses by grade level. The discussion includes implications of the resulting framework, along with contextual and institutional issues and recommendations for future study.     

职业学校教师专业学习团队——一种基于校本课程开发的教师专业发展途径

教育质量是职业学校发展的生命线,提高职业学校教育质量的关键在于教师专业的发展,而校本课程开发是教师专业发展的有效途径。本文提出职业学校要依托校本课程开发这一平台,以建构教师专业学习团队为途径,通过促进教师专业发展来提高职业学校的教学质量。     

A framework for authenticity in designing a research-based curriculum

This conceptual paper is concerned with the discursive and applied attributes of ‘authenticity’ in higher education, with a particular focus on teaching science through student research. Authenticity has been mentioned in passing, claimed or discussed by scholars in relation to different aspects of higher education, including teaching, learning, assessment and achievement. However, it is our position that in spite of the growing appeal of authenticity, the use of the term is often vague and uncritical. The notion of authenticity is complex, has a range of meanings and is sometimes contested. Therefore, we propose here a practice-oriented and theoretically-informed framework for what constitutes authenticity within the context of teaching through research. This framework brings together aspects of the ‘real world,’ existential self, and embedded meaning, and aligns them with different outcomes relating to knowledge and to students. Different models of teaching through research with conflicting claims to authenticity are used to illustrate the framework.     

A framework for infusing multicultural curriculum into gifted education

Creative thinking can be encouraged in the intermediate grades by teaching specific skills that may be integrated into various subject areas.     

Policy implementation within the frame of school-based curriculum: a comparison of public school and Islamic private school teachers in East Java,Indonesia

This paper describes research on how curriculum reform provides novel conditions for influencing teacher professionalism. It draws on Bernstein’s theories of the ‘classification and framing’ of curriculum and theories of teacher professionalism to investigate the impact of curriculum reform on teacher professionalism. The research was conducted in Indonesia during the implementation of a school-based curriculum that grants teachers greater autonomy to develop curricula appropriate to their context. A second concurrent reform introduced a character education policy that requires all teachers to address a specific set of values in all classes. Teachers working in public and Islamic private secondary schools were interviewed to investigate the degree of professionalism they exercised when implementing these reforms. Although theories of curriculum reform suggest that the higher degree of autonomy offered by a school-based curriculum has the potential to re-professionalise teachers, this study observed different outcomes for teachers in different workforce environments in Indonesia.     

The curriculum of climate change education: A case for Singapore

The inclusion of the climate change topic in the curriculum of school subjects in Singapore was pivotal, such that it positioned the discourse squarely in the structure of Singapore's education system. In an examination of the intersections and disjoints between state policies on climate change against the programmatic curriculum, results showed that there is no strong policy curriculum that mandates how climate change should be learned in Singapore, even though it is present in several school subjects. The topic is included in school subjects through the initiative of subject disciplinary specialists and middle managers of the education ministry. This exemplar has implications on how climate change education policy and practice can be shaped elsewhere.     

A general framework for cultivating innovations in higher education curriculum

ABSTRACT

Systematic changes to higher education curriculum typically occur within the extended timeframes of formal curriculum review processes. Programmes need to be reviewed periodically for internal and external accountability or to determine whether the curriculum has lost its coherence due to the accumulative effect of continual small-scale changes. These programme reviews often lend themselves to the introduction of innovations in teaching and learning however experiences suggest that these innovations are often short-lived. Even with well-thought-through project plans, adequate funding and staffing, and robust project evaluations, a curriculum innovation may fail to take hold and continue beyond the short-term. In this article we work towards developing a general framework that identifies the various factors and drivers that are essential to sustain important curriculum innovation beyond the short-term. The framework is developed from an analysis of several curriculum innovations related to the embedding of graduate attributes to highlight the important factors necessary to ensure longevity in important developments in teaching and learning.     

学术计划——一个新的高校课程理论框架

高校课程理论框架的构建是高等教育研究中的一个难点,高等教育的自身特点是导致这一结果的重要原因。曾就职于美国"提高中学后教学与学习国家研究中心"的斯塔克(Stark,J.S.)教授在近10年研究的基础上,构建了一个较为全面、系统的高校课程理论分析框架。该框架把课程看作"学术计划",其核心包括八个构成要素,外部社会、高校组织层面及高校内部等三方面的因素则成为型塑高校课程的重要影响因素。     

Managing staff development (Managing universities and colleges: Guides to good practice)

The article discusses higher education policies and policy making during the period of the author's direct involvement between the mid-80s and the present. The author points to an increasingly ideological form of policy making which has emphasised the economic role of higher education and created a higher education 'market'. As the scope of government has widened, the role of the Civil Service as a check on Ministers has reduced. Whilst the sector's influence on policies has also lessened, there is still more the universities could do to protect themselves as the case of quality assurance demonstrates. However this would require a willingness to act on the basis of research evidence, of which the author still sees little sign.     

Reconsidering assent for randomised control trials in education: Ethical and procedural concerns

Despite ongoing disagreement about what kinds of evidence are most valuable to education, there continues to be an increasing push to make a narrow group of scientific methodologies the basis of educational policy and practice. This has created a growth in the use of randomised control trials (RCTs), which are considered an exemplary example of scientifically rigorous research design. Yet despite the increase in both the prevalence and status of RCTs, this article will argue that the ethics informing this research orientation remains underdeveloped, with the specific need for an agenda that grapples with assent in RCTs in both a philosophical and a methodological way. As a corrective to this, we engage with Biesta’s observation of a lack of explicit engagement with the values informing our decisions about the direction of education practice. We begin by examining assent in existing education research literature, focusing on some of the ways that qualitative and praxis-oriented researchers have grappled with the complexity of assent in research projects involving children and young people in schools. We then consider analogous debates concerning assent in fields such as bioethics and biomedicine, given the established nature of bioethics as a discipline. Finally, we turn our attention to developing an agenda that can work towards a consideration of assent in RCTs in education research, with the purpose of making transparent some of the ethical concerns that warrant attention in the design and conduct of RCT research studies in education.