杜威与普洛瑟职业教育哲学思想比较及反思

杜威认为职业教育是实现民主的手段,职业教育要面向全体学生,主张统一的教育管理体制,职业教育教师要具备丰富的教育经验;普洛瑟则认为培养职业技能、满足工业需求是职业教育的目的,职业教育应面向特定群体,职业教育应独立于普通教育管理体制,职业教育教师是所教职业领域的技能专家,应具备丰富的工业经验。二者争论中的很多问题仍然是当今我国职业教育发展过程中需认真思考的哲学问题。     

教育为何需要“指导”?——杜威“教育即指导”命题的教育学意义

"教育即指导"是杜威教育思想的重要组成部分,也是杜威在透析教育本质的基础上提出的方法论。"指导"是对"疏导"的方向性帮助和对"控制"的调节,"教育即指导"是儿童在解放教育生活的过程中来实现自我。有意义的教育指导需要教育者理智地思考儿童所处的环境和习惯,在教育沟通中进行,帮助他们树立民主生活的信念。"教育即指导"是杜威用来缝合教育与生活之间断裂、辨析教育目的与判断教育价值、透析教育与民主的关系和深化教育主体认识的新尝试。     

杜威视角下的大学生社会实践之改造

大学生作为一个重要的社会群体,应为社会发展提供专业知识、健全理性和结构性良知。通过开展社会实践,可以有效化解由于现代教育与生活世界的分裂对大学生成长造成的不良影响。高校和各级政府应从教育哲学的高度重新定位大学生社会实践并进行相应的配套改革。     

John Dewey,William Wirt and the Gary Schools Plan: a centennial reappraisal

A century on from the height of John Dewey’s educational writings and the reputation of the Gary Schools Plan as a model of progressive education, the paper reappraises two key matters: the relationship between John Dewey and William Wirt, the first superintendent of the Gary Schools in Gary Indiana, and the coherence between John Dewey’s progressive pedagogies and the early years of the Gary Schools Plan. Through drawing on a range of primary and secondary sources of information, the paper analyses the connections between John Dewey, William Wirt and the Gary Schools Plan in their shared quest to extend progressive education into new urban and industrial schooling contexts. The paper highlights areas where existing assumptions require review and the extent to which the relationship and connections between Dewey and Wirt’s work were mutually beneficial. The paper ends by calling for further related research based on the archival material available.     

A place called home. Women and philosophy of education

Abstract

This paper argues for the active participation of women in philosophy of education and the importance of their sexually differentiated positions in pluralising knowledge. Drawing on the philosophical work of Luce Irigaray it explains how the feminine as other, has been symbolised as a dark epistemological cave from which those seeking universal truths ought to escape. Within such phallogo-centric systems of knowledge, women’s thoughts have been excluded from philosophy, and the feminine became un-representable as philosophical. This scenario raises important political and ethical questions related to women’s place in philosophy of education and calls for deconstructive strategies aimed at using feminised locations to challenge phallogocentrism. The paper argues that a simple inclusion of women’s thoughts or the replacement a masculine-dominated philosophy with feminine ones do not suffice to disrupt the order that establishes what counts as philosophy. It therefore explores how sexual difference can rethink the traditional tenets of philosophy. The idea that women need a place that they can call home for such practices and whether this space can really differentiate knowledge is debatable and controversial. In considering this possibility, however, sexual difference is not considered a subject for thought in philosophy of education but a question that rethinks and engenders it.     

Mind the gap: Dewey on educational bridge‐building

This is the first of four commentaries discussing John Dewey's short essay, ‘Education as engineering’. The essay provides a fascinating model of how the example of engineering could guide the interaction between educational research and practice. It has much in common with Herbart's ideas on how ‘pedagogical tact’ bridges the gap between theory and practice. Re‐introducing both Dewey and Herbart's ideas could help to overcome the current naivity of ‘evidence‐based’ school improvement.     

Epistemology, Science, and Moral Practice

Two features of discussions on epistemology in the social sciences and education are examined. One is the depiction of science by its critics, the other is the separation of scientific inquiry and ethics. I describe science as very human and very fallible, but also very successful. Contrary to critics, science is not a search for eternal truth or an ultimate reality, rather it is tentative, self-corrective, and growing. Other anti-science arguments are also explored.The separation of ethics from the methods and subject matter of science by critics is seem as a fatal flaw. Ethical problems arise in concrete situations so that moral choices are contextual, requiring inquiry and reflection about options and their potential consequences. Here inquiry is directed toward the most desirable outcomes available.     

行知统一、造就良师、服务社会—太原师范学院办学理念的诠释

办学理念是学校发展的行动纲领和指南。太原师范学院经过长期的实践，在学习陶行知教育思想的基础上，形成和确立了“行知统一、造就良师、服务社会”的办学理念，在“行知统一”指导下，采用“教学做合一”的方法进行教学，以培养理论水平与实践能力相结合的，在教师道德、教育理念、教师身心、教育艺术、教师技能五个方面全面发展的优秀教师，以服务于山西经济、政治、文化的发展。该理念是太原师范学院过去和现在以及将来整体发展的价值追求和理性认识，决定着学院整体的教育行为和改革方向。     

划定高深知识的边界:高等教育哲学的使命——读布鲁贝克《高等教育哲学》

高等教育哲学的使命是对高深知识的规定。在高深知识的性质上,布鲁贝克认为,政治论高深知识与认识论高深知识既有其内在合理性又存在不足之处。在高深知识的传播对象上,精英教育和大众教育各有利弊。关于高深知识传播的方式,普通教育和专业教育都不能被相互取代。学者作为高深知识探究的主体,只遵守外在规范或只坚持内心信仰,只崇尚学术自由或只强调学术责任都有失偏颇。在划定高深知识边界的基础上,布鲁贝克重构高等教育哲学的大厦。布鲁贝克认为,高深知识是认识论高深知识与政治论高深知识的统一,精英和大众二者同是高深知识的传播对象。在传播方式上,布鲁贝克主张普通教育和专业教育二者融合。学者要既遵守外在规范又坚守内心信仰,在探究的方式上,学者要平衡学术自由和学术责任二者的关系。     

Comparative study of teaching content in teacher education programmes in Canada,Denmark, Finland and Singapore

This article presents the results of a comparative study of the content in selected teacher education programmes for primary and lower secondary teachers in Canada, Denmark, Finland and Singapore. First and foremost, the study is a comparison between teacher education programmes in, on the one hand, Canada, Finland and Singapore, all of which score highly in international comparisons such as PISA and TIMMS, and on the other hand Denmark, which receives average scores, but it also functions as a comparison between all four countries. The study covers the following subjects: pedagogy and mathematics. The study does not offer proof of any clear difference between the Danish teacher education programmes and those found in the top-performing countries. Two main findings are: (1) philosophically based professional knowledge, much of which is normative in character, forms an extensive part of the body of professional knowledge within the Danish teacher education programmes, which is not true of the programmes in the Top-3 countries and (2) the programmes in Canada and Singapore more frequently employ literature combining research-based knowledge with practical guidance and experiences, while the programmes in Denmark and Finland keep these knowledge forms separate.     

Nature,Nurture, Second Nature: Broadening the horizons of the philosophy of education

The central thesis of this article is that the notion of second nature that John McDowell has reanimated has something of ethical and educational importance, thereby possibly extending the borders of the philosophy of education. The argument to this conclusion is the subject of serious consideration and criticism. The aim of this article is therefore to clarify the educational implications of the conception of second nature by responding to the three likely objections: (1) the charge of idealism, (2) the charge of anthropocentrism, and (3) the charge of triviality. Through critical discussions of these criticisms, it is made explicit that second nature, from the outset, illuminates every sphere of the lives of human beings. A lively appreciation of this leads to the conclusion that the issue of how we develop our world of meaning with the conception of second nature should come under the scope of serious philosophical discourse on education.     

Learning the `New, New Thing': On the role of path dependency in university structures

In current debates over thefuture of core institutions in a `knowledgesociety', universities figure most prominently. It seemsclear that they are crucial nodes in theoverall knowledge producing system, which, however,need to be repositioned and reformed.Therefore, the learning capacities ofuniversities are of central relevance. But howdo universities adapt to new challenges? Thecentral claim of the paper is that the rapidchange of pace at the level of higher educationdiscourse is hardly met at the level ofuniversities. Here, one has to take the path-dependentcharacter of their structures, practices andidentity concepts into account. Therefore, learning the`new, new thing' is a more cumbersomeprocess than might be expected at first sight.Empirical evidence for this claim is drawn fromthe institutionalization of technology transferoffices at German universities. Based on thesefindings, further general policy and researchperspectives on the role of path dependency inuniversity structures are discussed at the endof this paper.