世纪之交中国体育的目标取向

针对建国后体育目标取向的“工具论”模式,分析其历史根源与时代背景。认为体育价值所反映的对象层面有两个：作为一项活动看待时,它的价值主要表现为满足个体的需要;作为一种社会现象看待时,它的价值主要表现为满足社会其它系统的需要。只有将个体价值和社会价值相结合,才能建立全面的体育目标取向。     

中小学部分健身类体育器材规格的研究

为实现中小学体育器材规格的科学化与规范化,对中小学健身类器材爬竿、攀网、平梯进行了体育学的理论与实践研究,认为:爬杆高4m,直径3.8cm和高4.5m,直径为4.2cm;攀网高3m,宽2m,顶网长1.5m,网格20cm×20cm和高3.5m,宽2m,顶网长1.5m,网格20cm×20cm;平梯高2.4m,长4m,抓握横杠间隔0.35m,横杠直径3.2cm和高2.6m,长4m,抓握横杠间隔0.35m,横杠直径3.2cm的器材规格分别适用于小学和中学。同时提出,城市中学体育教学应加强学生上肢力量与身体灵巧性训练。     

Body composition,metabolism, sleep,psychological and eating patterns of overtraining syndrome: Results of the EROS study (EROS-PROFILE)

Overtraining syndrome (OTS) is caused by an imbalance between training, nutrition and resting, and leads to decreased performance and fatigue; however, the precise underlying triggers of OTS remain unclear. This study investigated the body composition, metabolism, eating, sleeping patterns and mood states among participants with OTS. Selected participants were divided into OTS-affected athletes (OTS, n = 14), healthy athletes (ATL, n = 25), and healthy non-physically active controls (NCS, n = 12). Compared to ATL, OTS showed decreased sleep quality (p = 0.004); increased duration of work or study (p < 0.001); decreased libido (p = 0.024); decreased calorie (p < 0.001), carbohydrate (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.001) intakes; decreased mood states (p < 0.001); decreased basal metabolic rate (p = 0.013) and fat burning (p < 0.001); increased body fat (p = 0.006); decreased muscle mass (p = 0.008); and decreased hydration (p < 0.001). Levels were similar between OTS and NCS, except for worsened fatigue (p < 0.001) and vigour (p = 0.001) in OTS. Reduced calorie intake, worsened sleep, and increased cognitive activity are likely OTS triggers. OTS appears to induce dehydration, increase body fat, decrease libido, and worsen mood.     

Moving towards Inclusion: An Analysis of Photographs from the 1926 Women's Games in Gothenburg

The 1920s was characterised by a struggle over the social acceptance and inclusion of women's track and field disciplines into international organisations. The debate was particularly heated between Alice Milliat, the then president of the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale, and the members of the International Athletic Federation and International Olympic Committee. Underlying the debate were differing assumptions about gender ideals and the role of women in society. While Milliat's efforts have been crucial and recognised in developing women's track and field, little research has examined how visual representations of track and field athletes related to gender norms. In this paper, we examine a corpus of professional sports photographs taken during the 1926 Women's Games in Gothenburg to gain understanding of how female athletes' media representations were part of negotiations over gender ideals. Placing the material within the notion of ‘gender dispositive’, our analyses reveal a process of negotiation between the ‘new’ woman ideal that included characteristics such as autonomy and self-control, as well as the mechanisation of women's bodies and traditional notions of femininity.     

大型综合性运动会场馆运行保障与人员配置模型研究——基于第七届世界军人运动会的实证分析

比赛场馆运行保障工作是确保大型综合性运动会各项赛事活动有序组织开展的基础。在探讨体育场馆运行保障范围的基础上,建立了体育场馆运行保障难度评价指标体系;并以第七届世界军人运动会15个比赛场馆为研究对象,对其保障难度进行了评价;最后探讨了体育场馆运行保障难度和保障人员数量之间的相关性。结果显示,军运会场馆中保障难度较高的场地依次为体育中心、海军五项场地、足球场、网球中心和现代五项游泳馆等,而各场馆运行保障难度系数与保障人员数量之间存在幂函数关系。相关研究结果对改进体育场馆保障团队的人员配置具有参考价值。     

Clinical and biochemical characteristics of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) and overtraining syndrome: findings from the EROS study (The EROS-HIFT)

The metabolic and hormonal consequences of high-intensity functional training regimens such as CrossFit® (CF) are unclear. Little is known about the triggers and clinical and biochemical features of CF-related overtraining syndrome (OTS). The EROS study compared endocrine and metabolic responses, and eating, social, psychological and body characteristics of OTS-affected (OTS) and healthy athletes (ATL), and non-physically active controls (NPAC). The current study is a post-hoc analysis of the CF subgroups of the EROS study, to evaluate specific characteristics of CF in ATL and OTS. Parameters were overall and pairwise compared among OTS-affected (CF-OTS) and healthy (CF-ATL) athletes that exclusively practiced CF, and NPAC. CF-ATL yielded earlier and enhanced cortisol, GH, and prolactin responses to an insulin tolerance test (ITT), increased neutrophils, lower lactate, increased testosterone, improved sleep quality, better psychological performance, increased measured-to-predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio and fat oxidation, and better hydration, when compared to NPAC. Conversely, more than 90% of the adaptive changes in CF were lost under OTS, including an attenuation of the hormonal responses to an ITT, increased estradiol, decreased testosterone, and decreased BMR and fat oxidation; the most remarkable trigger of OTS among “HIFT athletes” was the long-term low carbohydrate and calorie intake.     

体育类CSSCI来源期刊发展评析——基于栏目设置的视角

从期刊栏目设置的视角出发,对近十年来体育类CSSCI来源期刊的栏目设置及相关内容进行了研究分析。结果表明:体育类CSSCI来源期刊均着力打造一些固定的栏目以保持刊物的稳定性,通过相似栏目在各刊的比例不同来突出各刊的侧重点和错位优势;各刊都倾向于打造特色栏目以突出自身特点,积极寻找热点话题通过学术争论引导学术研究、激发学者思考和讨论;对栏目名称的选择极为考究、力图科学严谨。表明期刊着重栏目设置,不断提高期刊质量的发展态势,对于推进期刊事业发展有积极的借鉴意义。     

对浙江省普通高校体育弱势群体（学生）锻炼行为的干预效果研究

采用问卷调查法、文献资料法、实验对照法,观察对浙江省普通高校体育弱势群体锻炼行为实施干预的效果.结果发现:①浙江省普通高校体育弱势群体参与运动锻炼的百分率较低;②对处于行为转变不同阶段的体育弱势学生采取不同的健康教育进行干预,具有一定的效果.     

河南省高校体育艺术类专业(体育舞蹈方向)发展现状研究

通过文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计、逻辑分析等研究方法,针对河南省高校体育艺术类专业中体育舞蹈方向的发展现状进行调查分析,找出影响河南省高校体育艺术类专业(体育舞蹈方向)发展的因素,提出合理化建议,为河南省高校体育艺术类专业(体育舞蹈方向)发展提供理论依据。体育舞蹈自从作为艺术类高考项目以来,深受河南省高校和学生的喜欢;但河南省高校对于体育舞蹈专业课程的设置不够合理,高水平体育舞蹈专业教师严重缺乏,教师趋于年轻化,职称结构不合理;高校没有统一的体育舞蹈协会组织,严重影响了学生参与比赛的积极性。     

第29届奥运会男子十项全能成绩特征分析

运用灰色系统的理论与方法,对第29届奥运会男子十项全能运动员的各单项成绩进行灰色关联分析,以揭示其单项之间、单项与总成绩以及各类群之间的关联关系,总结出本届奥运会男子十项全能的成绩特征。     

冬奥背景下我国大众滑雪消费行为意向研究--以崇礼地区为例

在改进计划行为理论(TPB)基础上,引入人口特征和雪上运动文化变量,构建了滑雪消费行为意向结构方程模型,以崇礼地区为例检验影响我国大众滑雪消费行为意向的主要因素。结果表明:行为态度、感知行为控制、雪上运动文化会对滑雪消费行为意向产生显著的正向影响,主观规范会通过行为态度间接影响行为意向。行为态度在雪上运动文化与消费行为意向之间起到部分中介作用。因此应发挥冬奥会社会效益,加强滑雪知识普及,积极宣传雪上运动文化,降低滑雪运动门槛,促进需求侧消费升级,从而推动滑雪产业可持续发展。     

2018年雅加达亚运会体育仲裁实践述评——兼论《亚奥理事会章程》中争议解决规则的缺陷与完善

国际体育仲裁院特别仲裁处（CAS AHD）在雅加达亚运会期间仲裁了3起案件。特别仲裁处仲裁庭通过合理运用解释方法填补了《亚奥理事会章程》中争议解决规则的漏洞,对仲裁庭自身管辖范围进行扩大,保障了未取得正式参赛资格的运动员和国家（地区）体育协会的诉权。但仲裁裁决无法从根本上改变有缺陷的争议解决规则。这种有缺陷的规则不符合奥林匹克运动追求善治的趋势,应参考其他区域性大型体育赛事的经验进行修改。第三方体育仲裁机构通过发挥准司法能动性,能够帮助完善体育自治。     

体育投资的经济效益及其评价

体育投资的经济效益是人们在体育投资这一经济活动中的劳动消耗与所得的体育成果之间的比例。它与体育的经济功能和体育的经济收入在含义上是不同的,不应把它们等同起来。体育投资经济效益在投入与产出的内容,发挥作用的实现形式和见效时间等方面,与物质生产投资经济效益有所不同,因此,它不能通过税收、利润、利息率等指标,用“投资回收期”来进行评价。体育投资经济效益的评价指标,应根据体育事业的特殊性和体育投资经济效益的特点来确定。     

Re-Entering the Sporting World: China's Sponsorship of the 1963 Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO)

Prior to the 2008 Olympics, China's most sustained support of an international multi-sport event came in 1963 when it contributed significantly to the financing of and then dominated the medals table at the inaugural Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO), held in Jakarta. GANEFO is a singular moment through which to understand politics and sport in the 1960s. This article is a consideration of China's role in GANEFO, and the West's response to China's involvement. It explores the ways in which China used the event to navigate issues of international and regional geopolitics, and considers the diplomatic and sporting corridors within which GANEFO resonated. GANEFO was a platform through which geopolitical tensions were revealed, and China engaged in propaganda campaigns directed at the West and positioned itself to win allies among the decolonising countries of Asia and Africa – astride the artificial boundary that separated the Second and Third Worlds. China's interest in and the West's response to GANEFO reflected the ways in which anti-communist Cold War politics were conflated with racialised, post-colonial discourses and tension between Second World powers.     

SPSS软件在体育测量评价中的应用

文章简要论述了体育测量评价的发展趋势，概述了现代统计分析软件SPSS11．0的基本特点，着重介绍了SPSS在体育测量评价领域应用的案例方法。使用SPSS统计软件，可以大大提高数据分析的工作效率，且计算结果准确。     

Validation of the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS): Evidence from Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses

There have been extensive studies of local residents’ perception and reaction to the impacts of mega events. However, there is limited empirical research on the social impacts that shape foreign attitudes toward the host country. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Olympic Games Attitude Scale (OGAS) to examine viewers’ perception of the Olympics hosting country. Participants (N = 483) were based on a convenience sample in a local community of the mid-Atlantic region in the United States. Results of the exploratory factor analysis identified four factors (economic advancement, image enhancement, community enrichment, and turmoil development) with a total variance of 67.59%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that after removing one item, the 13-item OGAS provided a good fit to the data (comparative fit index [CFI] = .97; incremental fit index [IFI] = .97, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .049; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .080). It is concluded that the OGAS is a valid measuring instrument for assessing viewers’ perception of hosting the Olympic Games.     

论21世纪的体育人才素质

采用文献资料研究方法,紧密结合21世纪社会发展的需求和体育运动实践,论述了面向21世纪的体育人才素质,包括基本素质和专门素质。     

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP) in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to translate Arnold and her colleagues’ (Arnold, Fletcher, & Daniels, 2013) Organizational Stressor Indicator for Sport Performers (OSI-SP) into Chinese and examine its psychometric properties with Taiwanese athletes. In study 1, the psychometric properties of the items and the underlying structure of the translated Chinese OSI-SP were examined. In study 2, we used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the factorial structure and examined measurement invariance across genders. In study 3, we examined concurrent and discriminant validity via correlations among the Chinese OSI-SP, coping self-efficacy, perceived stress, and burnout to provide further evidence of criterion validity. Study 4 examined the test-retest reliability of the Chinese OSI-SP. Across these phases, results showed the 5-factor, 16-item Chinese OSI-SP had adequate factor structure, measurement invariance, criterion validity, and reliabilities. We suggest future studies may use this revised Chinese OSI-SP in Taiwan and other Chinese athletic settings.     

仪式性少数民族体育在乡土社会的存在与意义（六）——现代背景下的抢花炮

抢花炮的引入既是商业活动渗入少数民族山区的结果,也在一定程度上起了促进村寨的开放、使传统与现代相连接的作用。在国家的现代性建设中,该仪式性体育经历了几度起落、盛衰轮回。当代乡土生活中的抢花炮,迷信色彩在淡化,娱乐性功能在强化,吸引投资、吸引旅游的成分在逐渐增加,传统"内演"的取向正转为"外演"的趋势。族群建构与认同是仪式性少数民族体育的传统功能,它在现代背景下增加了新的意义——国家认同、整合社区、增强民族自信。通过自下而上的过程抢花炮的规则的逐步地完善,对民众现代意识的培养有一定意义。桂北侗乡的抢花炮历史经验表明,现代背景下,传统民族文化表现出的循环与再生。     

仪式性少数民族体育在乡土社会的存在与意义（五）——国家与社会框架下的抢花炮

新中国成立以来抢花炮的坎坷命运折射了村民的社会生活与国家政治的密切关联,许多实例反映了民间仪式与国家意识形态的博弈以及民间社会与国家权力的互动。在特定的历史阶段,由于国家意识形态的压力,抢花炮符号的所指(signified)有了表面的、宣传的一面和隐含的、代表乡民世代相传的观念的一面;民间以冠冕堂皇的理由并使用见机行事、斩而不奏、传说版本的选择性宣传等手段使自己的信仰活动得以开展,但民间组织者与政府始终保持合作的态度,主动地为政府考虑,同时也充分表述自己的活动对政府与社会的意义以寻求合法性。对于花炮节是否应该官办,在民间和官方两面进行的访谈调查反映,传统的仪式性体育活动民间办才有生命力。