美国STEM教育探析及其对我国中学物理教育改革的启示

1986年,美国提出了STEM教育,在美国各界力量的支持和帮助下,STEM教育经过了三十余年的发展,形成了系统性的协调机制和法律政策,在培养学生科学素养、综合能力等方面取得了良好的成效。本文通过分析美国STEM教育的特点,得出对我国中学物理改革带来的启示。     

基于设计思维的技术教育STEM整合课程研究--以“设计更好的学校”课程为例

设计是技术教育中不可忽略的关键要素之一,设计思维可为各个领域的创新工作提供策略与方法上的指导。基于此,文章首先分析了技术教育中开展基于设计思维的STEM整合课程的机遇和必要性;接着,文章以“设计”为核心理念,提出了技术教育STEM整合课程的设计理念,并以此为指导,构建了基于设计思维的技术教育STEM整合课程框架;随后,文章以“设计更好的学校”课程为例,进行了框架的实践应用;最后,文章就未来技术教育的发展提出了建议。基于设计思维的STEM整合课程将技术与数学、科学、工程进行整合,让学生基于真实的设计挑战开展实践,有助于培养学生的批判性思维、问题解决能力和创新能力。     

STEAM及其对新工科建设的启示

\"新工科\"是工程教育实践的新理念,它置于诸多新背景中:全球经济发展催生工程教育新需求;工程教育历经6次转变,当前处于复杂的发展新阶段;传统工程教育弊端突出,亟待转型;少许高校已经迈出工程教育改革的步伐,形成示范作用。\"新工科\"建设需要很好地借鉴工程教育新模式——STEAM教育。STEAM教育脱胎于STEM教育,其主要特征是:突出跨学科方法,强调创意培养,重视社会责任感及人性化培养。\"新工科\"建设的实施路径是系统性的,需要从以下方面重点展开:人才培养目标的重塑需重视创意素养培养;教学模式实现教学方法与技术的耦合;运用跨学科方法;加快工程教育国际化,等等。     

土耳其STEM教育:发展脉络、特点与主要经验

当前,STEM教育已被不少国家作为培养创新型人才 、提升国家综合国力的重要途径.STEM教育在土耳其经历了资优生培养 — 科学高中建立 —STEM教育兴起几个发展阶段.土耳其STEM教育的特点是:重视政府与大学共建STEM教育中心 、重视STEM专业教师培训 、强调学生的实践性课程学习和实践能力提升 、搭建国际国内多种...     

Students’ engagement in different STEM learning environments: integrated STEM education as promising practice?

In this paper, we explore how students’ engagement varies in different STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) learning environments. More specifically, we focus on the significance of a learning environment applying an integrated STEM (iSTEM) approach and the significance of STEM learning environments’ student-centredness. Moreover, we explore the relative importance of different student-centred principles (lesson plan and implementation, communicative interactions, student-teacher relationships) for students’ engagement in the STEM learning environment. Applying a mixed-method approach, we draw from observational data of 24 STEM lessons in combination with data from seven focus groups with 67 grade 9 students. The quantitative findings, based on the observational data, show that a learning environment applying an iSTEM approach seems to support students’ engagement. Further investigation made it clear that the student-centredness in this learning environment is especially significant. Regarding the specific student-centred principles, all principles had a significant impact on students’ engagement. The focus group data make clear that, besides student-centredness, the integrative aspect and the use of authentic real-world problems in iSTEM can also be engaging for students. These results indicate that iSTEM is a good practice to engage students in the STEM learning environment, as it facilitates teachers’ implementation of a general student-centred approach.     

Reassessing RCTs as the ‘gold standard’: synergy not separatism in evaluation designs

ABSTRACT

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly used to evaluate educational interventions in the UK. However, RCTs remain controversial for some elements of the research community. This paper argues that the widespread use of the term ‘gold standard’ to describe RCTs is problematic, as it implies that other research methods are inferior. The usefulness of RCTs can be greatly enhanced when used in conjunction with implementation-specific measures (e.g. observation tools, attitude/engagement surveys and interviews). The proposal is advanced through case studies of two evaluations. One relates to the development of science subject leader skills and expertise at primary school level and the other to co-operative learning of primary maths. Both evaluations randomised schools to the intervention or the business-as-usual control, and compared impact using subject knowledge tests. Integral to each study was a process evaluation which looked at evidence from classroom practice along with feedback from the teachers and pupils themselves. We contend that this enabled much more holistic and richly interpretative pieces of research. The paper concludes that privilege for particular paradigms should be set aside when designing effective evaluations of educational interventions, and that it is insufficient to ask ‘what works?’ without also asking ‘why?’, ‘where?’ and ‘how?’.     

实验、实习和毕业设计教学环节的一体化构建

由于数字媒体艺术专业属于一门新的学科,同时又具有文理交叉型特色,不同学校的数字媒体艺术专业的课程设置存在很大的差别,那么,对于理工学科背景下的数字媒体艺术专业应该采取怎样的人才培养模式,对课程应该进行怎样的设置,才能充分利用学校的教学资源,同时培育出满足社会需求的人才。针对以上问题,本篇论文通过对不同类型高校中数字媒体艺术专业的课程设置进行调查比较研究,同时对哈尔滨工业大学数字媒体艺术专业的课程设置进行分析,提出了理工学科背景的数字媒体艺术专业本科教育的新思路,即\"实验、实习、毕业设计教学环节的一体化构建\"。     

我国STEAM教育改革的阻力与消解

加快推进我国STEAM教育改革不仅是培养综合型、创新型、应用型人才的必由之路,也是提升国家竞争力和教育发展应对自身危机的可行之径。然而,改革中却存在诸多阻力。从“教育改革”的视角出发探赜改革蕴含的阻力因素,并提出阻力消解对策对促进我国STEAM教育顺利开展、探索一条具有中国特色的STEAM教育发展道路具有重要价值。研究发现,我国STEAM教育改革在实践中遭遇了价值阻力、制度阻力、实际阻力和自身阻力。为消解阻力,应坚持STEAM教育价值先行的基本理路,推进不同主体的自我变革;加强制度供给,理顺STEAM教育与现行制度之间的关系;加大STEAM教师队伍建设力度,推进STEAM课程改革;促进STEAM教育的本体回归,破解“跨学科悖论”。     

Connecting and Creating for Learning: Integrating Subject Matter Across the Curriculum and the School

In this article, the authors explore a growing awareness of problems and current developments in classroom and schoolwide research on subject matter integration. Schwab's four common places—including the learner, the teacher, the content, and the context—provide a framework for examining subject matter integration from a language arts perspective. Two lines of classroom-based research are examined that were conducted in response to the lack of integration within the curriculum: Explanation and Responsive Elaboration in Reading and Cognitive Strategies in Writing. As a result of these two lines of research, researchers became more aware of the importance of understanding the complexity of integrating process into content within the context of the classroom and the school. A major shift toward schoolwide integration in two Professional Development School settings is described that was created in response to these research findings. Teachers and researchers within specific contexts generated and implemented integrated instruction and curriculum content collaboratively. The authors conclude with emerging questions and principles for stimulating thinking among teachers and researchers who work toward furthering understanding of language and subject matter integration within specific contexts.     

微观金融类课程整合及教学方法改革——以地方性大学金融学专业为例

在描述金融学专业教学基本特征的基础上,剖析了现有金融学教学改革未能照顾到地方院校办学环境和人才培养目标、微观金融类课程设置与教学方法改革不到位等问题,探讨了地方性大学金融学专业微观金融类课程整合及教学方法改革理念和思路。改革理念有二:一是培养学生创新思维能力;二是坚持国内外金融学科发展前沿与地方性院校办学模式相结合。具体改革内容包括将微观金融类课程整合为投资、银行、保险等三类;根据微观金融类课程高度理论性与应用性并重特点,推进PBL教学法、强化实验教学和课程设计、坚持课内理论教学与课外实践锻炼相结合等三大教学方法改革。     

当创客遇上STEAM教育

创客教育与STEAM教育的融合,为K12教育的综合实践课程和信息技术课程带来时代性的变革。对创客教育和STEAM教育的起源到发展进行文献调研,发现创客对STEAM教育起到优化的作用,为STEAM教育的实施提供工程案例和创新思想。对二者结合对中小学教育的作用以及遇到的困难进行分析,发现目前中小学缺乏健全的创客教育教学设计模式、校内创客空间建设有待完善、创客教育人才、资金等资源的不足。其未来发展和研究方向有认知学徒式培养、去精英化培养、创客教育教学设计模式、空间设计及平台建设等。     

STEAM教育理念下综合实践活动课程实施的创生取向研究

STEAM教育理念下综合实践活动课程的特点决定了其课程实施以创生取向为主,并且呈现出主动建构性、动态生成性、多元性的特征。创生取向下综合实践活动课程实施秉持教育回归生活世界的理念、创设真实的问题情境、建立平等对话的师生关系、保持生成与预设的动态平衡四个主要原则。STEAM教育理念下,综合实践活动课程创生实施取向策略主要有四个方面。第一,激发学生科学探究兴趣、引导学生主动生成学习经验是课程创生实施取向的前提;第二,开放课堂教学内容与空间、转变教师角色是课程创生实施取向的基础;第三,改进课堂教学方法、变革教学评价方式是课程创生实施取向的核心;第四,构建学习共同体、提升教师课程创生能力是课程创生实施取向的保障。     

无“微”不“质”——论微课在小学美术教学中的分析

“微课”是教育方法体系中的新组成部分,其在新课程理念下的课堂教学中有着很好的教学用途,能够在很大程度上提高课堂教学质量。笔者主要以小学美术学科教学为例,探讨教师如何在无“微”不“质”的新型教学主题下开展有效的微课教学。