Unique American Culture

The early immigrants of American were English Puritans who settled down in northeast part. Rough as the environment was, they believed that it could purify their mind. From 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. They had been looking for a land of rich resources as well as a land of promise, opportunity and freedom. Actually they were in search for a better life. So individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values closely associated with the frontier heritage of American. The greatness that the frontiers achieved, in a way, is due to their strong religions, which is so powerful that is beyond our understanding. Who know what miracles, they can achieve. There is a good example to prove this. It is rehgion that Moses led the Israelites out of their bondage in Egypt, and led the children of Israel out of the Egypt.     

Miss the final exam

For many years,the course "the rudiments of chemistry" was taught by Professor Duke.Once two young men chose this course as their optional subjects,and they did so well in every test that their scores were all A's.including the mid-term exam.The friends were so confident about the final exam that they decided to go to Vi-rginia University to have a party with some friends at the weekend just before the exam,which was to be held on Monday.     

寒鸦和鸽子

A Jackdaw,watching some Pigeons in a farmyard(农家庭院),envied how well they were fed,and de-termined to disguise(伪装)himself as one of them. He painted himself white and joined the flock(群);and,so long as he was silent,they never sus-pected(怀疑)that he was not a pigeon.     

圣克莱曼提的撩人月色

The other night I had an incredible experience, just being outside in my own back yard, watching the clouds and the moon, and feeling the warm breeze that had just a hint of fall in it. I was perfectly comfortable and spellbound by the show the clouds were putting on, as if in time lapse photography. Low clouds were flying by at an unusual speed as they passed between the nearly full moon and the silhouette of the apple tree nearby.     

校园红人

The 1)entire mood of the room changed.It was them.We all watched 2)in awe as they took their seats at the lunch table across the room.The “Pops” had arrived like every other day.I was 3)nibbling on my chicken 4)nuggets while conversations 5)buzzed around me.The “Pops,” the name we had given the “popular” girls in our grade,would sit in their group talking and 6)giggling.7)Every so often,I would look at their table.Each one of the Pops was like a star.They were just so cool and amazing.I made a decision at lunch that day.I would become one of the Pops.     

A Comparison between the Knight of the Dark Ages and the Hanger- on of an Aristocrat of the Warring States Era

At the beginning of seven century B. C, as the conflicts between vassals were getting fierce, a bodyguard with force and courage was needed by the monarch of feudal China. Then stabber - the first type of the hanger - on of an aristocrat appeared. They served and protected their master. At the state of war they could lead soldiers to fight. At zero hour, they even threw themselves into the breach to save their master. Later came the Warring State Era - a multinational era. It became popular for aristocrats to maintain hanger - on of an aristocrat. Such as Gentleman Mengchang in the feudal state of Qi,[第一段]     

An unforgotten Exam

It was the last day of the final examination in a college.On the steps of building,a group of engineering students were waiting for the last exam. On their faces was confidence①.This was their last exam and then they would graduate.With all these four years of college behind them,they felt ready to go into the world.     

雨中奔跑

She had been shopping with her Mom in Wal-Mart.She must have been 6 years old,this beautiful brown haired,1)freckle faced image of 2)innocence.It was pouring outside.The kind of rain that 3)gushes over the top of rain 4)gutters,so much in a hurry to hit the Earth it has no time to flow down the 5)spout. We all stood there under the 6)awning and just inside the door of the Wal-Mart.We waited,some patiently,others 7)irritated because nature messed up their hurried day.I am always 8)mesmerized by rainfall.I get lost in the sound and sight of the heavens washing away the dirt and dust of the world.Memories of running,8)splashing so carefree as a child come pouring in,as a 10)reprieve from the worries of my day.Her voice was so sweet as it broke the 11)hypnotic trance we were all caught in.     

With Tools and Strategies Teachers Use in Online Courses： A Mexican Public University Case

The rapid development of ICT （information technology and communication） in the last two decades has changed society substantially as a whole. For higher education institutions, the external environment pressure to incorporate ICT in their educational and administrative processes has forced them to invest in resources for infrastructure and training. In addition, teachers have found that they can use technology in their teaching, but lack of full knowledge of how to use it effectively from a pedagogical point of view. The incorporation of new education modalities depends largely on the contextual variables prevailing in the institution and teachers. In UABC （Autonomous University of Baja California）, the early days of online education go hack to 1996, so the study period was from 1996 to 2009. An online survey was designed to fmd out the teachers＇ backgrounds and involvement in online education, their experience as online teachers, and the tools and practices used. Of 97 teachers who were identified with some experience in online teaching, 70% responded to the Survey （68）. It was found that the highest percentage （33%） of teachers who responded the survey started teaching online between 2003 and 2006. 56% of teachers have been teaching between one and five online courses. On the other hand, most teachers recognized that 30%-79% of the content of their courses were online based. The most popular learning management system used is moodle followed by blackboard in teachers＇ preference. In general, teachers expressed using the three main communication tools of online education： forums, chat and e-mail, favoring the use of e-mail. The communication slrategies teachers often use in their courses promoted student-student and student-teacher interaction. In their evaluation strategies, most said that they used self-assessment, rubrics and to a lesser extent online exams and co-evaluation. The results show that most teachers who have been involved in online education in UABC campus have expressed havi     

Bacterial Diversity of Anshun Sufu,A Traditional Fermented Tofu in Guizhou Province of China

Samples of sufu, a traditional food product made by fermenting soybeans, were collected in the city of Anshun in Southwest China and their bacterial diversity was investigated. Nine samples were divided into groups A–C, according to the markets in which they were collected, and the samples were subjected to pyrosequencing of the 16 S rRNA V3–V4 regions for evaluation of the bacterial community. A total of 342 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) were determined. One of the samples(B2) included as many as 286 OTUs, and it also displayed the greatest bacterial richness. The most abundant bacterial diversity was shown in group B. Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in groups A and B, while Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in group C. Lactobacillus was the prevailing genus in group A, Tetragenococcus in group B, and Empedobacter in group C. The bacterial composition of sufu depends, to a large degree, on the manufacturer. The obtained results showed regional differences in the bacterial community patterns of sufu products, which could contribute to a better understanding of the fermentation and ripening bioprocesses of sufu.     

Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Inquiry： An Instrument to Assess It and Its Application to High School In-Service Science Teachers

It is argued that the lack of consensus on what constitutes an inquiry-based approach makes the generalization about it difficult, because the concept is relatively unspecific and vague. This problem can partially be solved by constructing a set of activities promoted by inquiry, thus defining the inquiry objectives for classroom and laboratory teaching. Five high school and college Mexican teachers＇ PICK （pedagogical inquiry/content knowledge） was documented and assessed by means of Loughran, Mulhall and Berry＇s （2004） l-CoRe （inquiry content representation） developed by the authors through a proposal of a set of seven inquiry activities. They were also interviewed to construct the professional and pedagogical experience repertoires, a second tool by Loughran et al. （2004） to document PICK. It was observed that all teachers interviewed have used inquiry to modify their students＇ way of thinking, mainly through question posing. Some of them employed research as their main tool to promote scientific inquiry but others mentioned the lack of time to do it. It is interesting to notice that in spite of the fact that inquiry is out of the curriculum in M6xico, the teachers make use of it to improve their teaching practice. According to their answers, their actions in the classroom or the lab were classified within the three general approaches expressed by Lederman （2004）： implicit, historical and explicit. It is concluded that a given teacher cannot be classified exclusively in one of them, because in his/her activities one general approach overlaps the others. The authors conclude that Lederman＇s classification has to be taken into account as an orientation to characterize a given activity of one teacher, even though the same teacher may use another activity characterized by other general approach. That is, Lederman＇s classification applies to characterize activities, not persons     

音乐(英文)

正Shared Passion One day two teenagers,who hadn’t seen each other since primary school,met at a railway station on the way to college.One was carrying some blues records under his arm,and they began talking about the music and so began a lifelong friendship.In a club they got talking to a guitarist,who asked them if they wanted to join a band he was forming.They found a place to practice and recruited a drummer and a bass player.The group,which was named after a song title,played their first gig and were soon attracting a loyal following.Their first album contained mostly covers,but soon they were writing their own material.Within two years they had their first number one hit;within five they were millionaires.Popular Pastime This could be the story of any number of bands in the last five decades,although it happens to be the Rolling Stones.Whether it is playing in a group,joining a choir or being part of an orchestra,music-making in Britain has always been a very social activity.And     

康乃馨

Carnations were first discovered in the Far East. These flowers are widely mentioned throughout Roman mythology(神话) and appear in the natural history records of the Roman writer Pliny, back in 50 B.C. Cultivation(培育) of the carnation began in the late 13th century, by Roman monks. They were very important to the Greeks and Roman and became the symbol for the Romans at their peak in civilization. They were also known as "Jove's flower" in Rome because Jove was one of their most admired gods. In ancient Greece they were the most adored flowers. According to a Christian legend, when Jesus was carrying the cross, Mary saw him and began to cry. Carnations began to grow where her tears fell.     

Primary school curriculum for educable mentally retarded children： A Turkish case

Educable mental retardation is a delay in acquiring basic reading, writing and counting skills emerging through late speaking and linguistic development along with social, emotional or behavioral problems. It is pointed out that such children have intelligence in the 45-74 range, and that they are incompetent in terms of language skills, perception power, memory capacity, imagination and creativeness. Primary school curriculum for educable mentally retarded children was adopted so as to implement beginning in 2001-2002 academic year. The curriculum was designed so as to apply in primary education schools where educable mentally retarded children attend or in private classes included in the body of primary education schools. It was designed in order for such children to improve their skills of understanding themselves, establishing positive social relations, adjusting to the social, technological and physical environment, and surviving independently. This current study is based on a qualitative method, and is focused on educable mentally retarded children who are at primary school age in Turkey. Having described the characteristics of such children, their needs are explained, the curriculum developed for such children is described, and teachers＇ views concerning the implementation of the curriculum are presented in this research.     

The effects of science,technology, society and environment （STSE） education on students＇ career planning

The leakages in secondary level education brought forward the necessity to restructure the educational system so as to address the social and individual needs and meet the requirements of Turkey; therefore, a ＂reformation＂ study became an obligation. The formal education in Turkey starts at the age of 6, when the individual is shaped within the system. Determination of the characteristics of an ideal future citizen of a country should be apprehended at all levels of education and individuals should attain these appreciated characteristics. The reformed science education programs in Turkey aim to guide the individuals to be scientifically and technologically literate. Through enabling an individual, who is in a technological media, to attain the required knowledge, skills and attitudes, the individual should have the ＂science and technology literacy and creative thinking＂ skills. Individuals should recognize the technological environment they live in as well as the dimensions and facilities of technology, and should be aware of the fact that they could make use of these opportunities. In the light of this aim, this study involves the teaching of ＂separating mixtures＂ to 9th grade students in relation with science, technology, society and environment and the examination of its possible effects on students＇ achievement as well as their career choices. The Chemistry Achievement Test and the Career Choice Questionnaire were administered as pre- and post-test to serve as data collection tools. The study concluded that chemistry education in relation with science, technology, society and environment would lead students to choosing different fields for their future careers by changing their perspectives towards science. A significant increase in students＇ chemistry achievement levels was also observed.     

The Depressed Image of Winesburg,Ohio

Winesburg Ohio is a famous short story in American literary history, through the study of this short story collection,the main and primary aim is to discuss social background of that certain time. People’s social life in this story was in Midwest America, which represented the whole country at that period of time. For Winesburg as a microcosm: The so called grotesque figures of Winesburg were forced to meet and handle issues and events, which people universally undergo. Winesburg then became Any Town, USA and the flaws and struggles represented by these characters were same as be met by the ordinary people with the common human experience. Sherwood Anderson’s motivation to write them was to show the typical human community to us.With analysis of three famous figures below to illustrate how depressed they were, and to indicate Anderson’s great contribution to the American literature. Also what were readers’ reactions to this masterpiece.     

The Analysis of Lexical Approach in Language Teaching

I.IntroductionThe study of the.lexical approach focuses on the understanding ofa lexical-grammatical unit,which was called lexical phrase by Nattinger and Decarrieo and was called chunks by Michel Lewis.It is a multi-word unit of varying lengths,which has a fixed orrelatively fixed structure and expresses a certain meaning.It is prefabri-cated and frequently used.As a language teacher I think chunks arevery useful in language teaching and the lexical approach is a way of improving my teaching.They make sense in the classroom as they help     

The emotions in teaching and learning nature sciences and physics/chemistry in pre-service primary teachers

A study was made of different emotions that prospective primary school teachers report with respect to science subjects, when they were pupils, and during their practice teaching, taking into account the variables gender and the speciality they studied in the secondary education. The study consisted of a questionnaire completed by 63 primary education students at the University of Extremadura, Spain. The results show a great difference between the emotions related to the subjects of physics/chemistry and the nature sciences （biology/geology）. The scientific subject influences the emotions of pre-service primary teachers, both in learning and teaching. In physics and chemistry, the emotions are mostly negative. While in nature sciences they are very positive. In nature sciences, there is a correlation between the emotions felt as secondary school pupils learning science and those they feel as teachers. In physics and chemistry, there is a correlation in the women between the emotions felt as secondary school pupils learning science and those they feel as teachers, but not in the men. The memory of their emotions in learning science at school is more negative than in teaching science during their teaching practice, except in nervousness in physics/chemistry. By gender, men declared a greater predilection for science content than women, with more of them describing such feelings as sympathy or confidence. The results highlight the influential role that emotions play throughout the professional growth of future primary teachers.