卤化物热稳定性规律探讨

针对卤化物（多卤化物例外）的热力学状态函数ΔH或ΔG,查找有关热力学数据,进行分析比较,阐明卤化物热稳定性的问题,从而对卤化物热稳定性获得一定规律的认识．     

关于吉布斯自由能变和功等式写法的探讨

在常用的无机化学教材中,化学热力学部分讲到吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)的物理意义时,给出的ΔG和功(W)的关系式有多种写法,但可以归纳总结为三种写法。为避免发生这种问题,应强化对W的符号规定的认识。     

对ΔG与E关系之内涵的探究

对于热力学与电化学的联系纽带，－ΔG=nFE中，ΔG与E值虽然各自都能表示出一个指定的电化学反应能否发生的趋势（即倾向性），但它们所表明的内涵是有所区别的。本文将从事实上存在着的具有n值可变的恒定电化学反应来对ΔG与E值所表征的不同的内涵进行探究。     

SDS和SDBS在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的临界胶束浓度测定及热力学分析

利用电导法测定了SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)在溶剂DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中的临界胶束浓度cCMC。测定不同温度下表面活性剂的电导率σ值,由σ-c作图的转折点求得cCMC;根据cCMC及热力学原理求得ΔGθm,ΔHθm及ΔSθm。结果表明:二者的cCMC值均大于水为溶剂时的cCMC值;随着温度的增加,cCMC增加,ΔGθm减小,ΔSθm基本保持不变,胶束过程伴随吸热现象。     

碳还原金属氧化物的产物是CO还是CO_2?

中学课本中有碳还原氧化铜的实验,产物是Cu和CO_2,接着课本习题就要求写出ZnO和O反应的化学方程式,此时反应产物是否就是Zn和CO_2呢?本文从热力学角度分析一下,供同志们参考。 在等温等压下,自由能变化(ΔG)的正负,决定着反应进行的方向和程度,而ΔG又与ΔH和ΔS及T密切相关,根据吉布斯—赫姆霍兹     

关于电池反应方向判据的讨论

目前,某些教科书在论述电池反应能否自发进行时,直接引用热力学判据ΔG=—zFE≤0 (1)即当E>0时,ΔG<0,说明该电池反应在所给条件下可以自发进行;当E<0时,ΔG>0,说明该电池反应在所给条件下不能自发进行。根据热力学基本原理,在恒温、恒压条件下,封闭体系中过程的方向和限度的     

物理化学学习要点(二)

在上文中对第一、二章的学习要点进行了归纳,本文将对三、四章的学习要点加以总结。第三章热力学第二定律1 熵和吉布斯函数的性质为判断过程的方向和限度,在本章中引入了 S、A、G 三个物理量,其中应重点掌握 S 和G 两个函数的定义、性质及有关计算。与第二章中 U、H 的性质相似,S 和 G 也为状态函数,ΔS 和ΔG 只与系统的初末态有     

氢氯噻嗪与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱法研究了氢氯噻嗪(Hydrochlorothiazide,HCT)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。实验结果表明,HCT与BSA作用的猝灭常数随着温度的升高而降低,HCT可以有规律地使BSA内源荧光猝灭,其猝灭机理可认为是HCT与BSA形成复合物的静态猝灭。通过测定和计算不同温度下该结合反应的结合常数和结合位点数,并根据热力学方程求得了结合反应的ΔG、ΔH和ΔS等热力学参数,根据所得结果推断出HCT与BSA间的主要作用力类型是疏水作用力。同时,从分子荧光寿命进一步证明HCT与BSA的荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭。     

2,4-二硝基苯酚在生物炭中的吸附热力学和动力学研究

利用花生壳制成生物炭(BC)材料,探讨其对2,4-二硝基苯酚(2,4-DNP)吸附热力学和动力学.试验结果表明:吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线方程,ΔH、ΔS与ΔG显示生物炭对水中2,4-DNP的吸附是自发吸热的物理过程,BC对2,4-DNP的吸附与二级动力学模型拟合度较好,吸附过程主要受快速反应控制,升高反应温度有利于BC对水2,4-DNP的吸附.     

大一无机化学教学中引入化学热力学的一点浅见

ΔG变化值反映体系变化自发趋向的可能性、程度;当体系处于平衡时,应用化学等温式就可求算平衡常数K。将这一思路应用于溶液中的化学平衡,能很简结地得出与实验相当吻合的数据。为拓宽热力学在无机化学教学中的产用,必须在教学中增加ΔG°变化在溶液平衡中的产用,而这增加不作精密处理,采取直接引入的方法。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.