On Translation Approaches of International Treaties from English to Chinese-A Case Study of CISG

With the acceleration of the process of globalization and the more important role China is playing on international stage,both our economic systems and our notions of right and system of law should and had to be improved to attune to new conditions.In this process,many laws and customs including international treaties need to be translated from English to Chinese to make it convenient for scholars,researchers and legal workers and practitioners in law to study and practice.However,theoretical research on legal translation,especially from the perspective of standards of the translation of treaties,still lags behind.     

The Role of Multipurpose Community Access Point in Enhancing E - Learningand Civil Society in Indonesia

Information and communication are important elements in the growth of societies; they determine the characteristics of the societies. Multipurpose Community Access Points as the lowest locus of the information receiving and transmitting, data storage and retrieval, and also as the locus for the basic interaction among members of the community will presume to contribute a lot to community development especially to improve the quality of life as the whole. E - Learning is a process of transfer of Information （knowledge）, in the sense of science, and values （social, cultural, ethical and moral values）. E-government is an application of ICT to enhance government administration. Its contents may be very complex, but it is meant to enhance public services. Due to the social and cultural implications ICT is also said as civilizing. The use of ICTs has social, economic and cultural implications to reach civil society.     

Prevalence of sensitization to weed pollens of Humulus scandens, Artemisia vulgaris, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia in northern China

Objective:Weed pollens are common sources of allergens worldwide.The prevalence of weed pollen sensitization is not yet fully known in China.The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sensitization to weed allergens from Artemisia,Ambrosia,and Humulus in northern China.Methods:A total of 1144 subjects(aged from 5 to 68 years) visiting our clinic from June to October 2011 underwent intradermal testing using a panel of 25 allergen sources.Subjects with positive skin responses to any pollen were further tested for their serum concentrations of IgE antibodies against Artemisia vulgaris,Ambrosia artemisiifolia,and Humulus scandens,and against the purified allergens,Art v 1 and Amb a 1.Results:Of 1144 subjects,170 had positive intradermal reactions to pollen and 144 donated serum for IgE testing.The prevalence of positive intradermal responses to pollens of Artemisia sieversiana,Artemisia annua,A.artemisiifolia,and H.scandens was 11.0%,10.2%,3.7%,and 6.6%,respectively.Among the intradermal positive subjects,the prevalence of specific IgE antigens to A.vulgaris was 58.3%,to A.artemisiifolia 14.7%,and to H.scandens 41.0%.The prevalence of specific IgE antigens to the allergen Art v 1 was 46.9%,and to Amb a 1 was 11.2%.The correlation between the presence of IgE antibodies specific to A.vulgaris and to the Art v 1 antigen was very high.Subjects with A.artemisiifolia specific IgE also had A.vulgaris specific IgE,but with relatively high levels of A.vulgaris IgE antibodies.There were no correlations between the presence of IgE antibodies to H.scandens and A.vulgaris or to H.scandens and A.artemisiifolia.Conclusions:The intradermal prevalence of weed pollen sensitization among allergic subjects in northern China is about 13.5%.Correlations of specific IgE antibodies suggest that pollen allergens from Artemisia and Humulus are independent sources for primary sensitization.     

Overview on agent application to support collaborative learning interaction

Collaborative learning involves students working together to aid their learning and is considered an effective method to implement learning goal. However, it involves complicated processes such as have inconvenient assistance to manage the increasing demand for information and support extension of interaction and how to activate collaboration interaction and communication between different types of interactions. A collaborative learning model based on agent can improve learaing effectiveness and give good impact to learning process. This paper discusses the definition, classification and roles of agent to support collaborative learning interaction in E-learning. It overviews the rapidly use of agents to support collaborative learning and describes the types of interaction and communication tools to enhance interaction between all participants. We identify three types of major agents used in collaborative learning interaction; interface agent, information and internet agent, and collaborative agent.     

The Research of Translation Countermeasure for the English Guide in Tourist Attractions

With the constant development of Chinese tourism industry,tourism in Chinese economy,accounting for a large proportion.More and more foreign tourists came to China,tour great mountains and rivers,tourist attractions,to understand Chinese national customs.In this way,the community of our translation and foreign-related tourist information guides the work of a higher demand to adapt to Chinese continued integration with the international tourism industry.The translation of tourist attractions in the tourism and cultural presentation plays a very important role.Especially at current time more and more foreign tourists come into China to have a trip.As a result,translation between Chinese and English is vital to this course.Due to the increase of the exchanges between China and the rest of the world,more and more foreign visitors come to China.However,the translation work of our domestic spots hasn’t been done well,and it causes a lot of misunderstanding to the foreign visitors,and influences our international communications.Especially,we will meet a lot of problems of translating the names of scenic spots frequently.Because these name come from different cultures and different countries,it is really hard to translate them properly.     

Data Mining Prototype System Based on Product Data Management

Product data management (PDM) is a unique technique that integrates and manages all applications, information and processes defining a product from design to manufacture, and to end-user support. However, exploration of valuable information and knowledge from the PDM system has become a key in improvement of efficiency and implementation of knowledge management in an enterprise. This paper introduces a data mining prototype system model based on PDM, and emphasizes some important techniques such as design of the prototype system framework, methods of data selection and integration of data mining prototype system and PDM. The model basically solves the problem of functional losses in mining and analyzing data in PDM. Application of data mining to PDM is meaningful to the ideas and techniques of PDM, and to the rapid development of data mining application itself. Also, it is useful in improving development and usage of enterprise databases.     

A Teaching Plan for Lesson 3, Unit 16

正Ⅰ.Teaching Aims and Requirements 1. By observing the picture and the title,students learn to predict the main idea of the text. 2. to get the students to understand the contents and the structure of the text by scanning reading.3.make students to develop the spirit of never giving up In the face of difficulty.Ⅱ.Teaching Key Points 1.To make clear to students the contents and the structure of the text 2. To enable students to get the main idea of the text     

Gender Responsiveness of Selected Primary School English Textbooks in Zimbabwe

When classrooms are not gender responsive, boys and girls seating in the same classroom and learning from the same teacher receive very different education. Each and every textbook and all learning materials tell a story about people; how they relate to one another and to the environment within which they live. The present study is a desk research conducted to establish the extent of gender responsiveness of selected primary school English textbooks in Zimbabwe. Using the ABC of Gender Analysis framework, the study made quantitative and qualitative analyses of two selected series of primary school English textbooks, which are Step in New Primary English （Grade 1 to 7） and Ventures English Alive! （Grade 1 to 7 Pupil＇s Book）. Components of the ABC of Gender Analysis were used to make a critical analysis of the textbooks. Despite the fact that a number of measures have been put in place to address issues of gender inequality in all sectors, findings from the study revealed that the selected primary school English textbooks continue to perpetuate gender discrimination and bias. This impacts negatively on the education of girl children and it is detrimental to equal educational attainment for boys and girls. Girls tend to be affected and lag behind, others fail to excel and even drop out. The study recommends the promotion of zero tolerance to gender biases and stereotypes in all learning and teaching environments. The study also recommends that school textbooks be exposed to the rigour of gender analysis before they are recommended for use in any educational activity.     

Grammar Experimental Practice:Inductive Approach in Teaching ’Passive Voice’

Teachers are always in search of better ways to suit a variety of language needs and learning skills.The inductive approach allows the learners to examine samples of language first and discover the rules by themselves.That is to say,the learners generalize the rules from the particular.As a new approach in teaching grammar,the process of the inductive activities challenges and motivates many learners.The purpose of this essay is to examine the inductive approach applied in a microteaching grammar class and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the procedure,and then to identify the ways in which it may be successfully adopted in future teaching proactive.     

The role of genomics in medicine——past, present and future

The fundamental idea that responses to environmental factors or treatments is to be found in our individual differences, the underlying concept of “genomic medicine”, is rooted in antiquity and based on millennia of simple observation. Simply put, the objective of genomic medicine is to determine the genetic bases of those differences in response to environmental agents, including medications, and differences that may predispose to the development of common and potentially personally devastating and societally expensive disorders, and to use them in populations to thwart adverse response, increase the frequency of beneficial response, and intervene to prevent or delay onset of disease.     

The Research of Strategies of the Loss of Fuzzy Beauty in Chinese-English Translation from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics

Chinese is a language which emphasizes on artistic conception and parataxis. It embodies spirit in forms and gives read- ers enough space to think and abundant fuzzy beauty. Fuzziness is the mainstream. However, English is an logical language with strict grammar rules which embodies form in spirit. Fuzziness is tributary in English. As a result, it is inevitable to lose the fuzzy beauty during the course of translating from Chinese to English due to these two different languages with diverse value function and appreciation of the beauty. A lot of scholars feel pity and helpless. Starting from the perspective of translation beauty, this thesis an- alyzes the phenomenon of the loss of fuzzy beauty. It introduces the definition of the fuzzy beauty and makes a brief introduction of the wide existence of fuzzy beauty, analyzes the courses and reasons of the loss of fuzzy beauty in the course of translating Chinese to English . At last, it puts forward two specific methods to translate fuzzy beauty, trying to recreate the fuzzy beauty to the most de- gree.     

Guarding the Pure Land of the Heart—A Comparison of Outlooks on Life in Walden and Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi is the masterpiece of Zhuangzi, and Walden is the masterpiece of Henry David Thoreau. This paper intends to study the similarities of Zhuangzi’s and Thoreau’s outlooks on life by analyzing Thoreau’s origin with Taoism and the absorption from Taoism in Walden. By making a large amount of analysis and comparison of the texts in these two works, the paper comes to such a conclusion: both Thoreau and Zhuangzi advocate to simplify people’s material life and to seek voluntary poverty; they are willing to enjoy the solitude and pursue the spiritual independence and freedom; they prefer to return to nature, live harmoniously with nature and therefore reach the realm of"unity of heaven and humanity". They pay more attention to human existence and their spiritual state. In the complicated modern society, people devote themselves to seeking a materially rich life. However, they do not attach enough importance to spiritual richness. As a result, the whole human society is facing a serious spiritual crisis in modern times. Thoreau’s and Zhuangzi’s outlooks on life can lead people to go through various difficulties of life and guard the pure land of the heart.     

On Application of Mathematic Idea and Method in English Grammar Teaching and Learning

English grammar is at any time the important part of English learning,even if under the implementation of the New Course Standard.However,English grammar is considered to be difficult due to its complexity.My paper here is to explore and study the application of mathematic ideas and methods in English grammar teaching and learning,helping to facilitate the students to master the regularities,accuracy and systematization of English grammar,to improve learning efficiency,to enhance the learners’ logic thinking,and at the same time,pointing out the specific strategies in practical use,which can be of great significance to the students’ innovation and creativity and the students’ development of the ability of cross-subject study advocated by both the Quality-Education and New Curriculum Standard.     

The Jerome Model and the Horace Model in Translation Research

In the research of translation theory,many scholars propose and construct translation models,the purpose of which is to try to describe the translating process and find out the nature of translation.This thesis mainly introduces and analyses the characteristics of the Jerome Model and the Horace Model,and try to make a comparison between these two models for studying translations,in the hope of leading to deeper recognition and research of the translation process.     

Impact analysis of natural disasters using interrelation of infrastructure and associated industries

Most serious natural disasters cause fatalities and injuries, and result in infrastructure damage, economic impacts, and social effects. With respect to the nature of impacts, it is important to understand the direct and indirect impacts of natural disasters on infrastructure and industries. In this paper, a holistic disaster impact analysis framework is presented to support more understanding of natural disaster events with respect to inter-relation of infrastructure and associated industries. Disaster impact mechanism and inter-relations based on critical function of industries derived from the extensive literature review and case studies. To develop the framework, service factor is chosen to measure the level of inter-relations and proper weights for each inter-relation between infrastructure and associated industries are obtained by surveying experts in the area of disaster mitigation, emergency organizations, and infrastructure management. This paper focuses on the impact analysis of hurricane disaster and the outcome can also be applied to other types of disasters.     

Effect of Mn and Ni on microstructure and impact toughness of submerged arc weld metals

The influences of Mn and Ni contents on the impact toughness and microstructure in the weld metals of high strength low alloy steels were studied. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum composition ranges of Mn and Ni to develop welding consumables with better resistance to cold cracking. The results indicated that Mn and Ni had considerable effect on the microstructure of weld metal, and both Mn and Ni promoted acicular ferrite at the expense of proeutectoid ferrite and ferrite side plates. Varying Ni content influenced the Charpy impact energy, the extent of which depended on Mn content. Based on the properties and impact resistance, the optimum levels of Mn and Ni were suggested to be 0.6%—0.9%,, and 2.5%—3.5%, respectively. Additions beyond this limit promoted the formation of segregation structures and other microstructural features, which may be detrimental to weld metal toughness.     

Autonomous Learning and Improving Communicative Competence

Nowadays, English as a world language becomes more and more important. Consequently, English learning becomes more and more popular. As we know, an important object for English learners is to improve their communicative competence. So autonomous learning is a good way to improve communicative competence. In this paper, two terms, autonomous learning and communicative competence, and their relationship will be introduced from the perspective of English learning. Autonomous learning is self-managed learning, which is contrary to passive learning and mechanical learning, according to intrinsic property of language learning. Communicative competence is a concept introduced by Dell Hymes and is discussed and refined by many other linguists. According to Hymes, communicative competence is the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of language in order to form grammatically correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to whom. Communicative competence includes 4 aspects: Possibility, feasibility, appropriateness and performance. Improving communicative competence is the result of autonomous learning, autonomous learning is the motivation of improving communicative competence. English, of course, is a bridge connecting China to the world, and fostering students’communicative competence through autonomous learning is the vital element of improving English learning in China.     

On Movie Title Translation from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics

Movie is a popular art which occupies an important position in people’s leisure time. Movie title,as the most direct and accessible tool for audience to know about the movie,is very significant to attract audience into the cinema. Therefore,the translation of movie title cannot be ignored. However,due to the cultural differences in Chinese and English culture,the problem of movie title translation is obvious which needs to be paid attention to the translation and people working in movie industry.Traditional translation theory puts more emphasis on the important and authoritative status of original text and author. But this notion cannot satisfy the needs of movie title translation to the largest extent. Movie is not only a cultural and linguistic product,it also is a special commercial product. The ultimate objective of movie is to allure the audience into the cinema to watch and appreciate it in addition to provide the cultural information. Reception aesthetics,as a theory of literary criticism,gives priority to readers’ role in literary understanding and interpretation. According to reception aesthetics,the horizon of expectation should be taken into consideration when the translation work begins to be done. Horizon of expectation is composed of the readers’ or audiences’ previous cultural norms,assumptions,and criteria in the source language and culture at a given time. Movie title,as a special text,is also understood and influenced by the audience’s horizon of expectation. Chinese audience,before they decide to watch a movie,are naturally harbor their horizon of expectation about the movie. They will form their judgment and assumptions about the genre,plot,story,background about the movie from the movie title. These kind of horizon of expectation will consequently influence their ultimate decision to watch the movie or not. Hence,in doing the movie title translation,the translator is supposed to keep the audience’s horizon of expectation in mind and try his utmost to achieve the fusion of expectation. In this way,the comparatively satisfactory version is likely to come into being and finally will live up to the audience’s expectations. As a result,from the perspective of reception aesthetics,the author proposes three feasible translation methods of movie title: literal translation,free translation and adaptation.     

@MIT research centre at Delft University of Technology： A bridge between research, education, society and profession

In 2006, we launched the @MIT Research Centre （Modification, Intervention Transformation） at the Faculty of Architecture at Delft University of Technology. @MIT was founded to respond to the need for an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to the transformation of the built environment. @MIT aims to bring momentum to the renewal of education and research, and sees improved relations between the scientific and the professional community as a key step in this process. The @MIT research programme stands at the epicentre of the current debate on continuity and change in architecture and construction. The conservation and transformation of existing objects is becoming more and more of a necessity, with social, economic and cultural implications. @MIT builds the bridge successfully between the profession, the society, education and research.