On Translation Equivalence

Controversial as it is ,the abstract concept of traslation equivalence is of effective use in translation studies as it makes the analyses of translation more specific and more accessible. This essay attempts to present a few in -depth reflections on translatin equivalence, in which three categories of equivalence are put forward according to the understanding on the part of this writer, viz, equivalence before translating. equivalence in translating and equivalence after translating, This narration, in the final analysis, identifies and verifies the theoretical importance and significance of the term ＂translation equivalence＂ in translation studies.     

A Study of Su Mansu’s Literary Translation and His Translation Principles

Su Manshu was a writer and translator in modern China. In addition to his fruitful literary creation, in the aspect of translation, he translated a lot of poetry in English literature, Hugo‘s Les Miserable’s and also some Indian literary works. He is good at making use of old verses to translate poetry. As to translation principles, he advocates "translation without increasing", "translation without increasing ornaments," and practices the method of "translation according to the source text context".     

On Application of Nida’s Translation Priorities

This paper analyzes Nida’s theory of translation,also his system of priorities.The paper uses examples to illustrate the application of Nida’s four priorities in the practice of English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation and concludes that we can apply the system to help the receptors of second language and source language to have the closest response.     

The Critical Study On Xu Yuanchong’s Theory of Metrical Translation

Background:Xu Yuanchong,one of the most eminent translators of Chinese poetry in English rhyme,adhered to the metrical translation which emphasizes transferring the rhyme of the original poem into the translation of target language.But it has limitations.Meth ods:This essay was conducted in qualitative research method.It identified and reflected on some negative impacts caused by improper met rical translation and summarized the factors which confine it from the aspect of phonology,semantics and syntax.It tried to figure out the limitations of the metrical translation through examples by analyzing the linguistic features of the language and imagery effect of the translat ed poetries.Result:Another translation methods was introduced-free/blank verse translation to solve the deficiencies lied in the metrical translation.     

The Study on Lin Yutang’s Translation from the Perspective of Aesthetics

Since the main purposes of translation lies in expressing to the target readers both the message and the aesthetic value of the source text and making the readers ideologically inspired and aesthetically entertained,Lin Yutang conclusively sum up that the aesthetic criteria in translation should be faithfulness,expressiveness and beauty throughout his translation practices.This thesis mainly focus on the aesthetic criteria of Lin’s translation as well as the aesthetic reproduction in his translation which illustrates the unity reached in Lin’s translation in terms of both the aesthetic features and the loyalty to the meaning.     

To Split or to Unify?-A Comparative Study on Functional Equivalence Translation Theory and Relevance Translation Theory

Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for translation studies.The development of the translation theories does not rely on the appearance of a brand-new theory,but on the successful connection among various theories.To split or to unify,it is a question and it will direct the further development of translation studies.Analyzing the similarities and differences between these two theories,the author are striving for a unity of them and striking a better way to approach translation studies.     

Progressive Revolution-On Chinese-English Translation of China’s Public Signs

In 1978, there came the refreshment of reform in the whole China, like mushrooms after rain. During his southern tour, Deng Xiaoping, the general secretary of People’s Republic of China, gave the proclaim which opened a new page for Reform-Opening up policy when China’s economic development had been involved into the ocean of international economy. At the background of the new cooperation, the study on C-E translation of China’s public signs has been gradually paid attention to. Then there are many more scholars going for the study of public signs ,who have been kept steps with the world in recent studies;It is helpful to improve the atmosphere of China’s language and humanity accomplishments and to strengthen the soft power and civilized image.     

On Implicit Information Translation of Shakespeare’ s Works from the Perspective of Relevance Theory:In the Case of Zhu’ s Translation and Liang’ s Translation

The Relevance Theory put forward by Sperber and Wilson not only gives rise to a new research on pragmatics, but also provides a new theoretic foundation for other disciplines. Gutt applies the theory to translation and gives a relevance-theoretic account of translation. The relevance-theoretic communicative model provides rational explanation for existence of the implicit information. The appropri ate treatment of the implicit information is consistent with readers’ cognitive environment and expectation. Human communication de pends on not only the text, but also the inferential context. The adequate contextual effect is derived from the correct judgment and infer ence of the implicit information in communication. Therefore, the translator should match the original author’ s intention with target text readers’ expectation to make sure that they yield adequate contextual effects with appropriate processing efforts. Implicitness is one of the features of Shakespeare’ s works. It is more demanding for the translators to catch and transfer to the target readers the implicit information. Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu, the two famous translators adopt different translation strategies to deal with the implicit information in the works.     

On Peter Newmark’s Semanic Translation & Communicative Translation

Peter Newmark has written many preeminent works on translation theory. He classifies the translation texts into different types,and puts forward his great translation methods-communiative translation and semantic translation. This paper is aimed to explain the creative work by Peter Nwmark in the translation theory.     

An Empirical Study of Students’ Sight Translation Practice

Most of the studies on sight translation are related to analyzing effort models.Some scholars have established effort models for interpreting activities.However,the majority of the research published in English was conducted between English and European languages.Experiments written in English on interpreting between English and Chinese are limited.The purpose of this research is to explore the problems that occurred in students’performance of sight translation with a view to improving students’performance and the training method.The results of the experiment show that ST skills are composed of two parts:linguistic capacity and delivery skills.The problems that occurred in the case study were presented as delivery problems.However,the reason for the problems was lack of linguistic transfer capacity.This study recommends that students should be trained both on linguistic capacity and delivery skills.     

Literal Translation and Free Translation

Translation means the conversion of an expression into another language. To say plainly,It is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original.So the original thought of the expression must be kept as exactly as possible. The duty of the translator is simply to change the vocabulary not the thought. Literal translation and free translation are two essential ways in translation. Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original in sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original. Which one is preferable？ We can hardly say. Each has its advantages and disadvantages.Argument between them has been more than 80 years. What on earth is the argument？ What do they focus on？ The argument brings great effect to us, so I want to find some answers to it.     

The Comparison and Contrast of Skopostheorie and Baker’s Equivalence Translation Approach

Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to challenge the equivalence theories.Although Nida and some linguistics raised some negative problems of this theory,it still rapidly became famous around the world,This article will mainly compare and analyse Skopostheorie and Baker’s translation equivalence approach.First,it will give a simple overview of these two approaches.Second,it will discuss the relevant strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in relation to their usage.Finally,it will discuss combining these two approaches in the same translation.     

A Study on the Translator’s Subjectivity of Wolf Totem

The translator, as the main body of a translation, has been in an invisible and ignored state for a long time. The position of the translator has been improved and the role of the translator has begun to be recognized since the field of translation studies multifaceted and deepened. In order to analyze the translator’s subjectivity better, the thesis states comprehensive definitions of the translator’s subjectivity and uses Wolf Totem as a case study, whose author is Jiang Rong and the translator is Howard Goldblatt, to show that how the translator Howard Goldblatt utilizes his subjectivity in the translation process.     

Translator’s Subjectivity in Feminism Translation Theory

Feminism Translation Theory, arising in the 1980s, offers a fresh perspective in translation practice ,which thoroughly emphasiz es the translator’s subjectivity. Meanwhile, this theory also presents certain limitations in translation practice. This paper aims at making a brief review of feminism translation theory.     

Translation of EST-A Constructivist Perspective

In light of the main characteristics of EST texts, this paper uses the constructivism translatology to guide the translation of EST into Chinese. Regarding EST translation as a communication in the field of science and technology, the author adopts the three constructivism translation criteria to evaluate the translation, and draws to the conclusion that constructivist the three constructivist translation criteria could guide effectively the translation of EST.     

Translatability of Culture --Enlightenment from Legge＇s Translation of Lun Yu

The object of this paper is to study the translatability of culture through the enlightenment from Legge's translation of Lun Yu.A critical study of Legge's translation from a cultural angel is made before two principles peculiar to the translation of Chinese classics are proposed.The combination of classiczing and orientalizing the English language should be strived for in the translation of Chinese classics,and at the same time,it is of great significance to observe rather than break the limit of translatability.     

Chien Gochuen’s Translation-Procedure Proposition and Its Inspiration to Translation Learners

This paper introduces in detail Chien Gochuen’s translation-procedure proposition,which mainly contains studying and reading, analyzing, together with polishing and checking, to translation learners in mainland China with a hope that they can get some inspiration. It gives a brief introduction of Chien Gochuen, presents his translation-procedure proposition exactly, analyzes the reasons of its negligence in translation learners’translating today, points out the problems in their translating, and offers prac...     

Study on the Translation of Puns in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland from the Perspective of the Functional Equivalence Theory

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-famous masterpiece in children’s literature.The adventure stories in the novel deeply attract the child readers in different countries in the world.The use of puns in the work adds to its aesthetic value.In China,many scholars have translated it.The research topic is the application of Nida’s theory of functional equivalence in the pun translation in children’s literature work Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the degree of equivalence in Wu Juntao’s translation.The person who does the research has read the original work and the translator Wu Juntao’s translation of this book,analyzed the translation of puns in the book,read the relevant journal articles on the theory of functional equivalence and thought about the academic views in them.On the basis of text reading,translation analysis and reference analysis,the following conclusion has been made:According to the basic points in the theory,in the work,Wu Juntao’s translation of the puns has basically achieved the equivalence between the original text and the target text in readers’responses,language style and language meaning.