Measurement of moment of inertia based on hilbert transform

A measurement model based on torsion pendulum was established,in which nonlinear damping and nonlinear restoring force were considered.The calculation method of the moment of inertia was based on Hilbert transform.The motion of torsion pendulum showed the time-frequency characteristics due to the nonlinear factors,which were validated by the experimental data.The analytical signal was formed by Hilbert transform of the angular displacement signal of the test object.The moment of inertia can be computed by the instantaneous undamped natural frequency with Hilbert transform.Prior to the implementation of Hilbert transform,the empirical mode decomposition was used to filter the experimental signal.The moment of inertia of the test object was measured by the torsion pendulum system.The experimental results show that the relative measurement error of the moment of inertia was within 0.7%,which indicated the validity of the measurement method.     

Influence of baffle position on liquid sloshing during braking and turning of a tank truck

The influence of baffle position on liquid sloshing during the braking and turning of a tank truck was studied using a volume of fluid (VOF) model. The forces,their positions and weight distribution during braking and the forces and rolling moment during turning were calculated. The reliability of the calculation method was validated by comparisons with experimental results. The results showed that during braking,liquid splashes in the tank and the maximum forces and G (the ratio of weight acting on the front axle to the rear axle) are large when A (the ratio of the arch area above the baffle to the area of cross section)≤0.1. When A≥0.2,as the position of the baffle is lowered,the maximum of Fx (the force in direction x) first decreases then increases,and the maximum of Fy (the force in direction y) and G increase. During turning,liquid splashes in the tank and the maximum forces and M (the rolling moment) are large when D (the ratio of the arch area above the baffle to the area of cross section)≤0.2. When D≥0.3,as the position of the baffle is lowered,the maximums of Fy,Fz (the force in direction z) and M increase.     

Nonlinear multifunctional sensor signal reconstruction based on least squares support vector machines and total least squares algorithm

Least squares support vector machines （LS-SVMs） are modified support vector machines （SVMs） that involve equality constraints and work with a least squares cost function, which simplifies the optimization procedure. In this paper, a novel training algorithm based on total least squares （TLS） for an LS-SVM is presented and applied to multifunctional sensor signal reconstruction. For three different nonlinearities of a multifunctional sensor model, the reconstruction accuracies of input signals are 0.00136%, 0.03184% and 0.504 80%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the higher reliability and accuracy of the proposed method for multifunctional sensor signal reconstruction than the original LS-SVM training algorithm, and verify the feasibility and stability of the proposed method.     

An efficient numerical shape analysis for light weight membrane structures

The determination of initial equilibrium shapes is a common problem in research work and engineering applications related to membrane structures. Using a general structural analysis framework of the finite particle method （FPM）, this paper presents the first application of the FPM and a recently-developed membrane model to the shape analysis of light weight mem- branes. The FPM is rooted in vector mechanics and physical viewpoints. It discretizes the analyzed domain into a group of parti- cles linked by elements, and the motion of the free particles is directly described by Newton＇s second law while the constrained ones follow the prescribed paths. An efficient physical modeling procedure of handling geometric nonlinearity has been developed to evaluate the particle interaction forces. To achieve the equilibrium shape as fast as possible, an integral-form, explicit time integration scheme has been proposed for solving the equation of motion. The equilibrium shape can be obtained naturally without nonlinear iterative correction and global stiffness matrix integration. Two classical curved surfaces of tension membranes pro- duced under the uniform-stress condition are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Credibility and Security of Weighing System for Large Structure Object

The weighing system designed for large structure object is mainly composed of three parts. The part of hydraulic system is made up of hydraulic cylinders, high pressure hydraulic hoses and electric pumps; the part of computer controlling system comprises pressure sensors, displacement sensors, data acquisitions, RS 485 network and the computer controlling model; the part of loading system is composed of the fulcrum structure and the concrete girder. The measurement principle and composition of the weighing system are discussed in this paper. Credibility and security of the weighing system are fully considered during the design phase. The hydraulic system is controlled by pilot operated check valves in case of the sudden loss of system pressure. The states of all gauges and RS485 network are monitored by computer controlling system functioning in different modules. When the system is running incorrectly, it will be switched to manual mode and give alarm. The finite element method is employed to analyze fulcrum structure so that the system has enough intensity to be lifted. Hence the reliability of the whole system is enhanced.     

Dynamics of a prestressed Timoshenko beam subject to arbitrary external load

The free vibration and transient wave in a prestressed Rayleigh-Timoshenko beam subject to arbitrary transverse forces are analyzed by the newly developed method of reverberation-ray matrix （MRRM）. The effects of shear deformation and rotational inertia are taken into consideration. With a Fourier transform technique, the general wave solutions with two sets of unknown amplitude coefficients are obtained in the transformed domain for an unbonded prestressed beam under the action of arbitrary external excitations. From the coupling at joints and the compatibility of displacements in each member, the free and forced vibration responses of a beam with various boundary conditions are finally evaluated through certain numerical algorithms, Results are presented for a simply-supported beam subject to either a point fixed load or moving load. Good agreement with the finite element method （FEM） is obtained. The present work is instructive for high-speed railway bridge design and structural health monitoring.     

一种自适应IIR 格型陷波器新算法及性能分析

A novel adaptive algorithm of IIR lattice notch filter realized by all-pass filter is presented.The time-averaged estimation of cross correlation of the present instantaneous input signal and the past output signal is used to update the step-size,leading to a considerably improved convergence rate in a low SNR situation and reduced steady-state bias and MSE.The theoretical expression for steady-state bounds on the step-size is derived,and the influence factors on the stable performance of the algorithm theoretically are analyzed.A normalized power factor is then introduced to control variation of step-size in its steady-state bounds.This technique prevents divergence due to the influence of large power input signal and improves robustness.Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate superiority of the proposed method.     

Applying sub-band energy extraction to noise cancellation of ultrasonic NDT signal

In ultrasonic non-destructive tests, the echo signal at the flaw is highly complex due to the interference of multiple echoes with random amplitudes and phases, and is disturbed by all kinds of noises, such as thermal noise, digitalization noise, and structure noise. In this paper, the ultrasonic signal was decomposed by empirical mode decomposition （EMD） to obtain the intrinsic mode function （IMF） components according to ultrasonic defect echo signals occuring at the corresponding time, and the energy of the ultrasonic signal was concentrated. The IMF component selection criterion based on sub-band energy extraction was proposed to extract the ultrasonic signal component accurately and automatically from IMF components. When the selected IMF components were filtered by a band pass filter, the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） was enhanced greatly.     

Optimization design of the stratospheric airship’s power system based on the methodology of orthogonal experiment

The optimization design of the power system is essential for stratospheric airships with paradoxical requirements of high reliability and low weight. The methodology of orthogonal experiment is presented to deal with the problem of the optimization design of the airship’s power system. Mathematical models of the solar array, regenerative fuel cell, and power management subsystem (PMS) are presented. The basic theory of the method of orthogonal experiment is discussed, and the selection of factors and levels of the experiment and the choice of the evaluation function are also revealed. The proposed methodology is validated in the optimization design of the power system of the ZhiYuan-2 stratospheric airship. Results show that the optimal configuration is easily obtained through this methodology. Furthermore, the optimal configuration and three sub-optimal configurations are in the Pareto frontier of the design space. Sensitivity analyses for the weight and reliability of the airship’s power system are presented.     

Optimal design of pressure vessel using an improved genetic algorithm

As the idea of simulated annealing （SA） is introduced into the fitness function, an improved genetic algorithm （GA） is proposed to perform the optimal design of a pressure vessel which aims to attain the minimum weight under burst pressure constraint. The actual burst pressure is calculated using the arc-length and restart analysis in finite element analysis （FEA）. A penalty function in the fitness function is proposed to deal with the constrained problem. The effects of the population size and the number of generations in the GA on the weight and burst pressure of the vessel are explored. The optimization results using the proposed GA are also compared with those using the simple GA and the conventional Monte Carlo method.     

经验模态分解的分段二次算法

A new algorithm, named segmented second empirical mode decomposition （EMD） algorithm, is proposed in this paper in order to reduce the computing time of EMD and make EMD algorithm available to online time-frequency analysis. The original data is divided into some segments with the same length. Each segment data is processed based on the principle of the first-level EMD decomposition. The algorithm is compared with the traditional EMD and results show that it is more useful and effective for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.     

Joint application of feature extraction based on EMD-AR strategy and multi-class classifier based on LS-SVM in EMG motion classification

This paper presents an effective and efficient combination of feature extraction and multi-class classifier for motion classification by analyzing the surface electromyografic(sEMG) signals. In contrast to the existing methods,considering the non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics of EMG signals,to get the more separable feature set,we introduce the empirical mode decomposition(EMD) to decompose the original EMG signals into several intrinsic mode functions(IMFs) and then compute the coefficients of autoregressive models of each IMF to form the feature set. Based on the least squares support vector machines(LS-SVMs) ,the multi-class classifier is designed and constructed to classify various motions. The results of contrastive experiments showed that the accuracy of motion recognition is improved with the described classification scheme. Furthermore,compared with other classifiers using different features,the excellent performance indicated the potential of the SVM techniques embedding the EMD-AR kernel in motion classification.     

基于双重对称延拓的HHT端点效应抑制方法

经验模态分解( empirical mode decomposition,EMD)存在端点飞翼的固有问题,使信号两端出现扭曲失真。为抑制EMD端点效应,文章提出双重对称延拓法,以端部数据对称延拓作为首次延拓,以极值点对称延拓作为二次延拓,该方法可同时实现EMD分解和Hilbert变换两阶段端点效应的抑制。仿真信号和地震响应的工程算例通过IMF分量对比、瞬时频率对比,以及整体正交性、相关系数等指标的对比,验证了该方法具有良好的端点效应抑制效果,同时还能改善IMF分量之间的正交性,并节约计算时间。     

Diagnosis of stator faults in induction motor based on zero sequence voltage after switch-off

To improve the accuracy of the stator winding fault diagnosis in induction motor, a new diagnostic method based on the Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT） was proposed. The ratio of fundamental zero sequence voltage to positive sequence voltage after switch-off was selected as the stator fault characteristic, which could effectively avoid the influence of the supply unbalance and the load fluctuation, and directly represent the asymmetry in the stator. Using the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） based on HHT, the zero sequence voltage after switch-off was decomposed and the fundamental component was extracted. Then, the fault characteristic can be acquired. Experimental results on a 4-kW induction motor demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.     

EMD方法在局部放电超声信号提取中的应用

变压器局部放电超声波定位中,首要任务是对超声波信号的提取,其准确性将直接影响到定位的实现.EMD方法可以将非线性、非平稳信号分解为不同频率成分的内禀模态函数,从而提取超声波信号.以山西省高压电气设备局部放电定位项目为背景,详细分析了EMD方法的原理、实现过程,并用实例测试仿真,验证了该方法的有效性与准确性.     

Texture classification based on EMD and FFT

INTRODUCTION Multi-scale is one of the main features of natural images, a series of methods for representing the quality of images are presented, such as multi-scale technique based on diffusion equation (Perona and Malik, 1990), image pyramid (Burt and Adelson, 1983) and wavelet (Mallat, 1989). Bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) (Nunes et al., 2005; Linderhed, 2004) is a new multi-scale analysis method proposed recently. The difference between BEMD and traditional mul…     

基于改进EMD与FastICA—样本熵的齿轮故障特征提取方法

针对齿轮常见故障及信号在传统EMD算法分解中产生的端点效应,提出一种基于改进经验模态分解（EMD）与快速独立分量分析（FastICA）—样本熵的齿轮故障特征提取方法。首先对信号进行EMD分解,得到一系列IMF分量和残余量,在此过程中通过匹配差别最小的极值包络线段确定端点处极值,然后从每个信号中分别选取周期性明显的分量与原始信号组成混合信号作为FastICA的输入,获得ICA计算后的分量,最后分别计算EMD分量与各独立分量的样本熵。实验结果表明,改进后的EMD算法可以有效改善端点效应问题,并通过与EMD—样本熵的对比,表明FastICA—样本熵能更明显、稳定地反映齿轮故障,因此可作为一种有效的故障特征。     

经验模式分解的滤波器特性及其在故障检测中的应用

对经验模式分解(EMD,Empirical Mode Decomposition)的滤波器特性进行了研究.事实上,EMD的倍频程滤波器特性在几年前就被发现了,在此基础上,针对EMD滤波器的其他特性展开了研究.首先,对EMD滤波器的自适应特性展开了研究,其自适应特性除了表现为倍频程滤波器的形式,还有两个表现:其一是滤波器的上限频率随信号自身的上限频率而定,另一表现是每一个IMF滤波器的形式不仅与信号频率有关,还与信号的结构有关.利用EMD的自适应特性,建立了一种新的信号表示方法,与已有的EMD方法相比,该方法可以提供更多的关于信号的信息.还对该方法进行了相关的讨论.     

Diagnosis of valve-slap of diesel engine with EEMD-EMD-AGST approach

A hybrid of ensemble empirical mode decomposition and empirical mode decomposition (EEMD-EMD) is introduced to diagnose the valve-slap vibration signal,which is relative to the dominant combustion knock vibration signal given out by a diesel engine around the top dead center (TDC).The time-frequency representations of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed by EEMD-EMD are obtained by adaptive generalized S transform (AGST).A type 493 diesel engine was used for the experiment,and the result indicates that the valve-slap of the diesel engine is serious,and the vibration frequencies are higher than the combustion knock.With EEMD-EMD-AGST approach,the valve-slap can be identified by the vibration analysis of the diesel engine.