阿莫西林颗粒剂人体生物等效性研究

目的：研究阿莫西林颗粒人体生物利用度及生物等效性。方法：16例健康志愿受试者交叉口服阿莫西林颗粒和参比试剂,以苯甲酸为内标,HPLC-UV法测定血浆中阿莫西林浓度。结果与结论：健康志愿者口服两种制剂后,各参数经统计学配对t检验,均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。阿莫西林颗粒与参比试剂在健康志愿者体内的药动学参数相似。     

人血浆中头孢克肟的RP-HPLC测定及生物等效性研究

目的:建立测定人血浆中头孢克肟浓度的反相高效液相色谱法,研究头孢克肟胶囊的生物等效性。方法:20名健康男性志愿者采用随机交叉给药方案,分别单剂量口服试验制剂T(胶囊,每粒含头孢克肟50mg)200mg或参比制剂R(世福素,每粒含头孢克肟50mg)200mg。血样用高氯酸沉淀后RP-HPLC直接测定,根据血药浓度-时间数据计算药动学参数,估算相对生物利用度,采用双单侧t检验判断其生物等效性。结果:两种头孢克肟制剂的T1/2分别为(6.5±1.5)h和(6.2±1.1)h;Tmax分别为(3.7±0.9)h和(3.6±0.8)h;AUC0→24分别为(20.63±7.34)mg·h·L-1和(20.77±8.59)mg·h·L-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(99.4%±10.0)%。结论:本实验建立的方法灵敏、准确、快速、简便,可用作人血清中头孢克肟浓度的测定,统计学结果表明两种制剂生物等效。     

中空栓的研究进展

药物中空栓剂(Hollow type suppository,HTS)是近年来发展起来的一种新剂型,其外层为基质制成的壳,空心可填充固体、液体、混悬剂等各种状态的药物.比普通栓具有释药速度快,起效快、生物利用度高[1],制剂稳定性好等优点.不仅为小儿、重症、呕吐患者及其它不易口服的患者提供了方便、有效的给药途径,还为避免首过效应和胃肠道内破坏,增加药物稳定性,达到控释或缓释效果提供了合适的剂型.可替代某些注射剂、片剂、灌肠剂等.     

阿司匹林肠溶缓释制剂的研究

通过制备阿司匹林肠溶缓释固体分散体来设计和优化阿司匹林肠溶缓释制剂的处方.以阿司匹林为模型药物,制成固体分散体,然后添加适量的辅料制成肠溶缓释片处方.优化的阿司匹林肠溶缓释处方为阿司匹林50mg,优特奇L-10050mg,优特奇RD75mg,淀粉30mg,糊精10mg,滑石粉20mg时,达到良好的肠溶缓释效果,符合2005版《中国药典》规定.优化的阿司匹林肠溶缓释片具有良好的肠溶缓释效果,且制备方法简单、成本低,具有较高的实用价值.     

吲达帕胺冻干口腔崩解片在Beagle犬体内药物动力学研究

目的:研究自制吲达帕胺冻干口腔崩解片和市售吲达帕胺片在Beagle犬体内的药物动力学行为及其相对生物利用度.方法:6只Beagle犬,随机分为两组,分别单剂量口服自制吲达帕胺冻干口腔崩解片和市售吲达帕胺普通片,剂量均为5.0mg.1周后交叉给药.采用HPLC法测定给药后不同时间的血药浓度.结果:供试制剂自制吲达帕胺冻干口腔崩解片和参比制剂吲达帕胺普通片的主要药动学参数:达峰时间tmax分别为(1.59±0.04)h和(2.71±0.32)h,达峰时药物浓度ρmax分别为(6.10±0.32)和(5.89±0.44)μg·mL-1,t1/2分别为(15.04±0.48)h和(14.65±0.73)h,AUC0-∞分别为(89.66±8.34)和(67.58±2.56)μg·h·mL-1.结论:统计学分析结果表明自制吲达帕胺冻干口腔崩解片的生物利用度要高于市售吲达帕胺普通片.     

梅毒螺旋体抗体诊断试剂的临床应用

目的:同时用评价试剂和参比试剂检测436例血清样本,探讨评价试剂与参比试剂检测结果的符合率.方法:评价试剂采用化学发光法,参比试剂采用双抗原夹心酶联免疫吸附试验;并通过卡方检验来判断两试剂盒间有无显著差异.结果:评价试剂和参比试剂阳性符合率为98.25%,阴性符合率为99.47%.两种试剂通过卡方检验比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:评价试剂与参比试剂的检测结果具有很好的一致性,评价试剂可以用于梅毒感染的辅助诊断.     

壳聚糖作为药物载体的缓释机理的研究进展

缓释制剂的研究中,壳聚糖作为药物载体以其安全无毒、生物相容性好、缓释性能优良等优点越来越受到关注.综述了壳聚糖作为药物缓释载体的缓释机理的研究进展.     

球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药对肉用母鸡养殖效果的影响

采用对比的方法,研究了用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药对肉用母鸡养殖效果的影响。试验结果表明：球虫疫苗组与抗球虫药组的平均日增重差异不显著（P〉0．05）;球虫疫苗组0-6周龄的相对增重率提高3．35％,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;球虫疫苗组与抗球虫药组的料肉比均为1．97,无差异;球虫疫苗组的成活率比抗球虫药组高2．81％;球虫疫苗组与抗球虫药组相比平均每羽多收入0．08元．相对经济效益高2．33％。试验表明用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药不会降低肉用母鸡的养殖效果,并且采用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药的使用,避免了药物残留,对于生产“绿色食品”具有重要意义。     

缓释制剂的研究进展

缓释制剂是第三代药物制剂,这种制剂由于克服了频繁给药的弊端,有利于降低药物的不良反应,能在较长时间内维持体内药物有效浓度,可减少用药的总剂量,用最小剂量达到最大药效,从而可大大提高患者服药的顺应性,被广泛用于治疗多种疾病。本文从制备缓释制剂所用辅料、缓释制剂的剂型等方面的研究进展作了综述.     

右旋布洛芬缓释胶囊的释放度考察

目的：考察右旋布洛芬缓释胶囊的释放度。方法：采用转篮法,溶出介质为pH6．0的磷酸盐缓冲液,对研制的右旋布洛芬缓释胶囊的三批样品的释放均一性和辅料、胶囊以及滤膜对释药的影响进行考察。结果：三批样品的各时段取样点的释放度相差不大,均匀度较好,均在规定的范围内;辅料、胶囊和滤膜对释药试验的结果没有干扰。结论：研制右旋布洛芬缓释胶囊释药稳定,其释放度测定法可以作为其质量控制的方法。     

Alpha spectral power and coherence in the patients with mild cognitive impairment during a three-level working memory task

Objective: The functional relationship between calculated alpha band spectral power and inter-/intra-hemispheric coherence during a three-level working memory task of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was investigated. Methods: Subjects included 35 MCI patients according to the DSM-IV criteria (mean age: 62.3, SD: 6.5) and 34 healthy controls (mean age: 57.4, SD: 4.0) were selected from the community at large. All subjects performed a simple calculation and recall task with three levels of working memory load while electroencephalograph (EEG) signal was recorded. The spectral EEG power was computed over alpha1 (8.0～10.0 Hz) and alpha2 (10.5～13.0 Hz) frequency bands and was compared between rest stage and working memory processing stage by two-way ANOVA. Post hoc testing analyzed the differences between each two levels of working memory load during task processing. The inter-hemisphere EEG coherence of frontal (F3-F4), central (C3-C4), parietal (P3-P4), temporal (T5-T6) as well as occipital (O1-O2) was compared between MCI patients and normal controls. The EEG signals from F3-C3, F4-C4, C3-P3, C4-P4, P3-O1, P4-O2, T5-C3, T6-C4, T5-P3 and T6-P4 electrode pairs resulted from the intra-hemispheric action for alpha1 and alpha2 frequency bands. Result: There was significantly higher EEG power from MCI patients than from normal controls both at rest and during working memory processing. Significant differences existed between rest condition and three-level working memory tasks (P<0.001). The inter-and intra-hemispheric coherence during working memory tasks showed a "drop to rise" tendency compared to that at rest condition. There was significantly higher coherence in MCI patients than in the controls. When task difficulties increased, the cortical connectivity of intra-hemispheric diminished while the inter-hemispheric connectivity dominantly maintained the cognitive processing in MCI patients. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the alpha frequency band may be the characteristic band in distinguishing MCI patients from normal controls during working memory tasks. MCI patients exhibit greater inter-hemispheric connectivity than intra-hemispheric connectivity when memory demands increase. MCI patients mobilize a compensatory mechanism to maintain the processing effectiveness while the processing efficiency is reduced.     

Study on EEG power and coherence in patients with mild cognitive impairment during working memory task

To investigate the features of electroencephalography (EEG) power and coherence at rest and during a working memory task of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty-five patients (17 males, 18 females; 52～71 years old) and 34 sex- and age-matched controls (17 males, 17 females; 51～63 years old) were recruited in the present study. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of 35 patients with MCI and 34 normal controls revealed that the scores of MCI patients did not differ significantly from those of normal controls (P＞0.05). Then, EEGs at rest and during working memory task with three levels of working memory load were recorded. The EEG power was computed over 10 channels: right and left frontal (F3, F4), central (C3,C4), parietal (P3, P4), temporal (TS, T6) and occipital (O1, O2); inter-hemispheric coherences were computed from five electrode pairs of F3-F4, C3-C4, P3-P4, T5-T6 and O1-O2 for delta (1.0～3.5 Hz), theta (4.0～7.5 Hz), alpha-1 (8.0～10.0 Hz), alpha-2 (10.5～13.0 Hz), beta-1 (13.5～18.0 Hz) and beta-2 (18.5～30.0 Hz) frequency bands. All values of the EEG power of MCI patients were found to be higher than those of normal controls at rest and during working memory tasks. Furthermore, the values of EEG power in the theta, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-1 bands of patients with MCI were significantly high (P＜0.05) in comparison with those of normal controls. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between the EEG powers and MMSE scores. In addition, during working memory tasks, the EEG coherences in all bands were significantly higher in the MCI group in comparison with those in the control group (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant difference in EEG coherences between two groups at rest. These findings comprise evidence that MCI patients have higher EEG power at rest, and higher EEG power and coherence during working conditions. It suggests that MCI may be associated with compensatory processes at rest and during working memory tasks. Moreover, failure of normal cortical connections may be exist in MCI patients.     

Inter-and intra-hemispheric EEG coherence in patients with mild cognitive impairment at rest and during working memory task

Objective： To assess functional relationship by calculating inter- and intra-hemispheric electroencephalography （EEG） coherence at rest and during a working memory task of patients with mild cognitive impairment （MCI）. Methods： The sample consisted of 69 subjects： 35 patients （n = 17 males, n = 18 females; 52-71 years old） and 34 normal controls （n = 17 males, n = 17 females; 51 -63 years old）. Mini-mental state examination （MMSE） of two groups revealed that the scores of MCI patients did not differ significantly from those of normal controls （P〉0.05）. In EEG recording, subjects were performed at rest and during working memory task. EEG signals from F3-F4, C3-C4, P3-P4, T5-T6 and O1-O2 electrode pairs are resulted from the inter-hemispheric action, and EEG signals from F3-C3, F4-C4, C3-P3, C4-P4, P3-O1, P4-O2, T5-C3, T6-C4, T5-P3 and T6-P4 electrode pairs are resulted from the intra-hemispheric action for delta （1.0-3.5 Hz）, theta （4.0-7.5 Hz）, alpha-1 （8.0-10.0 Hz）, alpha-2 （10.5-13.0 Hz）, beta-1 （13.5-18.0 Hz） and beta-2 （18.5-30.0 Hz） frequency bands. The influence of inter- and intra-hemispheric coherence on EEG activity with eyes closed was examined using fast Fourier transformation from the 16 sampled channels. Results： During working memory tasks, the inter- and intra-hemispheric EEG coherences in all bands were significantly higher in the MCI group in comparison with those in the control group （P〈0.05）. However, there was no significant difference in inter- and intra-hemispheric EEG coherences between two groups at rest. Conclusion： Experimental results comprise evidence that MCI patients have higher degree of functional connectivity between hemispheres and in hemispheres during working condition, It suggests that MCI may be associated with compensatory processes during working memory tasks between hemispheres and in hemispheres. Moreover, failure of normal cortical connections may exist in MCI patients.     

非线性奇异微分方程周期解的存在性和多重性

利用变分法研究非线性奇异微分方程(g(t)|u′(t)|p-2u′(t))′-|u(t)|p-2u(t)=λF(t,u(t)),a.e.t∈[0,T]u(0)-u(T)=gq-1(0)u′(0)-gq-1(T)u′(T)=0(P)周期解的存在性和多重性问题,其中T>0,λ>0,g∈L∞(0,T;R+),ess.infg>0,p2,1p+1q=1,F:[0,T]×RN→R满足下面的假设:(A)对任意的u∈RN,F(t,u)关于t可测;对几乎所有的t∈[0,T],F(t,u)关于u连续可微.并且存在a∈C(R+,R+),b∈L1(0,T;R+),使得对一切的u∈RN,几乎所有的t∈[0,T],有|F(t,u)|a(|u|)b(t),|F(t,u)|a(|u|)b(t).     

基于C8051F020的动感单车无线数据传输系统设计

采用C8051F020单片机、HK-08A心率传感器、霍尔传感器A3144E和无线收发模块NRF24L01设计动感单车控制系统和无线数据传输系统。发送端C8051F020单片机实时监测心率传感器输出的心电信号和霍尔传感器输出的反应动感单车转速的脉冲信号,并对其进行处理,通过NRF24L0无线发射模块实时发送监测数据到监控中心;监控中心通过C8051F020单片机和无线接收模块NRF24L01对接收到的监控数据进行解码,解码数据通过监控中心C8051F020单片机串口发送到上位PC机。上位PC机控制界面通过VC＋＋6.0编程实现,可以读取多个发送端的数据,并实时显示数据波形和存储数据,方便运动者实时查看和比对。本系统可以无线接收、实时显示（存储心率和转速数据）、操作界面良好,方便应用于家庭和各种类型的健身场地。     

不同土壤条件对蕹菜典型品种种子萌发和生长的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤条件对4个蕹菜Cd积累典型品种的种子萌发和生长特性的影响．结果显示品种和土壤对发芽率、株高和生物量的效应均极显著（P〈0．01）．各品种种子平均发芽率依次为T308〉QLB〉GDB〉QLQ,各土壤上依次为F〉A〉E〉C〉D〉B．各品种第一茬平均株高依次为T308〉QLB〉GDB〉QLQ;第二茬依次为T308〉GDB〉QLB〉QLQ．各土壤第一茬平均株高依次为D〉A〉E〉B〉C〉F,第二茬依次为A〉B〉C〉E〉D〉F．各品种平均生物量依次为GDB〉T308〉QLB〉QLQ．各土壤上平均生物量依次为A〉C〉E〉B〉D〉F．结果表明蕹菜Cd积累典型品种的发芽和生长在不同土壤上呈现一定的稳定性,相关分析表明其生长特性与土壤EC、速效P、有效Pb含量等土壤因子相关．     

Type of feature affects transfer in operant serial feature-positive discriminations

In two experiments, the effects of feature identity in operant serial feature-positive discriminations were examined with rats. Rats were trained with two serial feature-positive discriminations (F1 → T1+/ T1? and F2 → T2+/ T2?), in which different operants were reinforced with delivery of a sucrose solution during two auditory target cues (T1 and T2). The features (F1 and F2) were two visual cues, two flavored sucrose solutions, or one visual cue and one sucrose solution. Transfer of a feature’s control to the target of the other discrimination was observed only when the features were from the same modality. When observed, transfer responding was of the form originally trained to the target, rather than the feature, and was preserved after feature extinction. Control groups showed that the differential transfer was not solely the consequence of differential feature generalization. Implications for theories of occasion setting are discussed.     

Optimization of conditions for supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus L.)

INTRODUCTION The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L., Cannabi- naceae) is a dioecious twining perennial widely cul- tivated throughout the temperate zones of the world. The inflorescences (hops or hop cones) are used in breweries to give beer its characteristics such as fla- vor and aroma. In this respect, the bitter acids and essential oils have received much attention. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is currently the most accepted solvent for the manufacture of hops extracts by breweries. Its extracts…     

Plus/minus grading and motivation: an empirical study of student choice and performance

This paper considers whether student motivation might be impacted by the replacement of a straight (A, B, C, D, F) grading system with a plus/minus system (A, A?, B+ … D?, F). The data that are examined are from several undergraduate economics classes at a mid‐sized midwestern university in the United States. The data includes student characteristics, student performance and students’ choices of either a plus/minus or a straight grading system. In this admittedly small‐scale study students, who chose plus/minus grading, were not significantly more motivated than students who opted for straight grading.     

Study of apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction

INTRODUCTIONAtheroscleroticCerebralInfarction (ACI)isoneofthemostcommoncerebralvasculardis easse.Itspathogenesishasnotyetbeencom pletelyexpounded ,althoughmoreandmorestudiesshowingthatgeneticfactorsmayplayanimportantrole ,especiallygeneticmutations.Lo cat…