平心静气地看待大学排行榜

随着高等教育大众化的到来,大学排行榜越来越受到我国社会大众的关注。面对各式各 样的大学排行榜,人们感到眼花缭乱,社会舆论也大相径庭。事实上,大学排名是建立在大学评价 基础上的排序,既然是评价,其结果受到评价目标、评价目的、评价指标体系、评价方法等诸多因素 的影响,任何因素发生变化都会使结果发生变化。因此,不同排名机构的大学排名结果大相径庭是 在所难免的。对大学这样一个复杂的社会组织,通过几个指标进行排名本身就是有缺陷的。尽管如 此,大学排名作为社会大众认识大学的工具又是必要的。就是说,社会各方面要了解不同排行榜的 侧重点,平心静气地看待大学排行榜。     

《泰晤士报高等教育副刊》世界大学排名研究

本文对《泰晤士报高等教育副刊》2004年和2005年世界大学排名的数据进行了全面系统地考察,深入地分析了其排名方法、指标和结果,并从中剖析了该排名对中国高等教育的意义,最后,通过该排名来观照和反思清华大学的办学实践,提出了清华建设世界一流大学的战略和措施。     

大学排名的发展和两大世界大学排行榜指标比较

随着高等教育的成熟和发展,大学排行榜由美国首先产生,并席卷到世界各国。美国、英国、中国等国通过国际间合作或自己的研究都先后开展了大学排名的工作,本文追述世界大学排行榜发展的历史,比较目前最著名的《泰晤士报·高等教育副刊》的THE排行榜和国际高等教育资讯机构Quacquarelli Symonds公司的排行榜的两大世界大学排名指标体系,为我校进行大学排行榜的研究提供参考。     

THE-QS世界大学排行榜评析

本文对英国《泰晤士报高等教育副刊》和职业教育咨询公司——QS公司联合发布的世界大学排行榜的指标体系、排名结果、排名方法等进行了评论与分析,认为进行大学排行应该重视排名方法与理论的研究。     

Stability of Country Rankings Across Item Formats in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study

Multiple‐choice, short‐answer, and extended‐response item formats were used in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study to assess student achievement in mathematics and science at Grades 7 and 8 in more than 40 countries around the world. Data pertaining to science indicate that the standings of some countries relative to others change when performance is measured via the different item formats. The question addressed in the present article is the following: Can the instability of ranks in this case be attributed principally to item format, or are other important factors at work? It is argued that the findings provide further evidence that comparing student achievement across countries is a very complex undertaking indeed.     

大学排名、大学精神与大学故事

大学排行榜的好坏,取决于评价标准的设计、统计数据的方式以及具体操作是否严谨。大学评价不能重“物”轻“人”。对于“大学精神”,我认为没有凝定不变的东西,也不相信用一两句话就能概括十几万人近百年的努力,有关讨论是“可爱”而“不可信”的,而我宁愿把这种讨论转化为讲述“大学故事”。校园里广泛流传的故事,经过一代代师生的选择、淘洗和再创造,以活灵活现的形式,不断传承并塑造着大学精神。它同样可以成为大学史乃至教育学研究的重要课题。大学教授是大学故事中的主体,如何实现古人“从游”之义,坚守与自己身份相适应的道德准则,经得住金钱和名位的诱惑,已成为十分严峻的问题。必须回到“尊师重道”上来,在对中国传统教育精神的理解、接纳和转化中,重建师生关系,重塑教授形象。     

大学排名与世界一流大学建设--第一届"世界一流大学"国际研讨会述评

本文从世界一流大学的排名、世界一流大学的特征、世界一流大学的建设等三个方面,对第一届“世界一流大学”国际研讨会提出的若干观点做了简要的述评,既探讨了世界一流大学排名的方法论问题,也探讨了这类排名对世界一流大学建设的积极与消极影响,提出应该尽可能趋其利而避其弊,以促进我国的世界一流大学建设。     

Trapped in university rankings: bridging global competitiveness and local innovation

ABSTRACT

For over a decade, global university rankings have played a growing role in the status competition in higher education. More recently, we have seen a proliferation in rankings of innovation and urbanization. In this article, we argue that while these new measurements bring with them some conceptual adjustments, they draw heavily on existing rankings and embrace the embedded competitive logic. Local rankings of innovation objectify higher education as an element of global competitiveness. Furthermore, we argue that this logical shift is made with the help university rankings that now come to bridge global competition and local innovation; the existing global university rankings are directly used in the composite indicators of local innovation or their methodology is copied. Consequently, political imaginaries of global competition are now projected to regional and city level.     

大学排行榜对地方高校品牌建设的消极影响及防范对策

加强品牌建设是地方高校赢得可持续发展的必然选择,日益流行的大学排行榜已成为地方高校进行品牌建设不容忽视的重要外部影响因素。当地方高校过多倚重尚待完善的大学排行榜时可能会对其品牌建设产生诸多潜在的消极影响,包括诱导地方高校品牌建设追逐盈利、过度重视品牌策划、过度倚重硬实力建设、盲目设置热门学科以及消解教育发展的正确理念等。地方高校可以通过坚持核心竞争力建设、积极提升高校软实力、注重优势学科发展和坚持办学特色等一系列有针对性的防范对策去降低甚至消除这些不良影响。     

中国大学排名的缘起、特色及发展态势

中国大学排名缘起于大学的理论研究与高等教育实践的需要。科学计量学作为学科理论研究在中国的兴起,为大学排名奠定了理论基础;中国当代高等教育发展的实践需要,为大学排名提供了崭新课题和原生动力。同时,一批勇于研究与实践的敢于担当的学者涌现,使大学排名破土而出,从而呈现了异彩纷呈、特色各见的中国大学排名榜——校友会榜、武书连榜、软科榜和中评榜等。中国大学排名从产生到成熟表现出与时俱进的峥嵘历程、评价指标的相融相鉴以及各领风骚的独特定位等发展态势。     

社会管理创新背景下的高校思想政治教育

社会管理创新是当前中国社会发展的必然要求。高校思想政治教育应当以社会管理创新为新平台,自觉推进自身创新发展;以社会管理创新为研究新课题,在参与社会实践中创新工作机制;以社会管理为载体提升社会素质,促进和谐社会建设。     

National modernisation and global science in China

The paper reviews the rapid growth and improvement of science in China since Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in the 1980s and especially in the last two decades, situating the achievement and its limitations in the contexts of both the global science system, and national policy and strategy. The key is the effective combination of national science with global science. Science in China has worked to global norms while remaining nested in national government and Sinic governance, in which Confucianism and Legalism are combined with Leninism. The paper reflects on trends in investment in R&D, the number of published papers, discipline balance, national and global networking, and policies on cross-border partnerships and mobility. China has established a strong autonomous position at world level in science that is partly separated from the intensively networked Euro-American systems but has benefitted especially from a mutually productive relationship with the United States. However, that relationship is now in question.     

Goals, components, and factors considered in university development

It is generally known that the general goals of universities are to produce high-quality graduates for the job market, to continuously advance the frontier of knowledge in all the disciplines, and ultimately to advance human civilization. There can, however, be numerous specific goals which differ from one university to the other. Whatever it is, in order to achieve the desired goals, universities need to design a realistic strategic development plan, which must include, among others, the important logistical components and factors of university development. In Malaysia, little is known about university development planning process as a subject area. Annual reports and calendars published by universities do not provide sufficient information about the elements and aspects of high priorities in their strategic development plan. As such, we decided to conduct a study on eleven (11) foremost public universities in Malaysia—a country with a centralized education system—in order to examine the goals, components, and factors considered by university top-management in planning university development. We administered a checklist to 296 respondents, comprising deputy vice-chancellors or deputy rectors, registrars, deans, and directors. The checklist required the respondents to rate the consideration level on a scale of 1 (least considered) to 5 (highly considered) for each of the items on goals, components, and factors. This article reports the main findings of our study. Among other things, the most obvious result revealed by the study was that universities were very concerned with the relevancy of academic programs offered and their performance in research. It was rather surprising, however, that the top-management of public universities in Malaysia placed the goal of providing quality infrastructure and facilities at the lowest ranking. Also, this study revealed that the government, as a factor, exerted its prominence only in terms of university budget and research grants and the execution of some policies of national interest, but university expansion and development was largely driven by the university organization itself, i.e., on where, what, and how it wants to expand and grow. In this regard, public universities in Malaysia still enjoy a large degree of academic autonomy and a strong support by the government.     

Stability,performance and innovation orientation of a higher education funding model in Kazakhstan

This article is situated in a growing body of literature, focusing on higher education reforms in countries which emerged, or re-emerged, 25 years ago as the Soviet Union dissolved. With the focus specifically on Kazakhstan, this paper examines how the leadership of universities in this country views a higher education funding model– the state grants. The paper applies the lenses of stability, performance and innovation orientation to the examination of the state grants-based higher education funding model in Kazakhstan. This paper finds that despite recognition of the limitations of the existing funding model, there is limited interest to push for changes. This can be explained by the complex higher education policy environment which is also discussed in this paper.     

大学如何承担引领社会可持续发展的重任

通过可持续发展教育含义的阐述,以及大学可持续发展的内涵分析,提出了大学可持续发展的目标在于：一是实现大学自身的可持续发展,表现在教学、研究、建设和管理等诸方面;二是大学引领和推动社会可持续发展,表现在大学的社会责任、社会地位、软实力等方面。建立大学可持续发展教育的体制,应当从教学体制、科研体制、管理体制、服务体制、引领体制、可持续发展教育的评价机制等几方面着手。     

大连大学人文社会科学研究的计量与可视化分析

人文社会科学研究产出是综合性大学科学研究和学科建设的重要组成部分,对制定高校学科规划和发展战略具有重要的意义。结合大连大学的人文社会科学研究发展现状和学科特色,通过对其人文社会科学研究产出文献的计量与可视化分析,展现大连大学人文社会科学研究的知识结构和特色领域,探测综合性大学人文社会科学研究发展的目标以及学科发展的优势与不足,在学科特色建设、队伍建设、重点项目培植、以及跨学科合作与对外学术交流等方面提出了具体建议与措施。     

全球性大学排行榜的发展与展望

本文试图梳理近十年全球性大学排行榜的发展,对不同类型排行榜的特征加以评价,并对其未来发展进行探讨。     

Reflections on a Decade of Global Rankings: what we've learned and outstanding issues

Ten years after the first global rankings appeared, it is clear that they have had an extraordinary impact on higher education. While there are fundamental questions about whether rankings measure either quality or what's meaningful, they have succeeded in exposing higher education to international comparison. More so, because of the important role higher education plays as a driver of economic development, rankings have exposed both an information deficit and national competitiveness. Accordingly, both nations and institutions have sought to maximise their position vis-á-vis global rankings with positive and perverse effects. Their legacy is evident in the way rankings have become an implicit — and often explicit – reference point for policymaking and higher education decision-making, and have reinforced an evaluative state's over-reliance on quantitative indicators to measure quality. They are embedded in popular discourse, and have informed the behaviour of many stakeholders, within and outside the academy. This paper reflects on three inter-related issues; i) considers the way rankings have heightened policy and investment interest in higher education, ii) discusses whether the modifications to rankings have resolved some of the questions about what they measure, and iii) looks at how rankings have influenced stakeholder behaviour. Finally, the paper reflects on what we have learned and some outstanding issues.     

Jong-Hsiang Yang: a major promoter of Taiwanese science education

This article reviews the work of Jong-Hsiang Yang in science education and his efforts in creating a research culture in Taiwan. Following in Yang’s footprints, the rebuilding of science education, implementing a new science curriculum, and gaining the academic status of science education, we go through the important years of the development of science education in Taiwan. His leadership in introducing interpretive research methods and expanding international studies catalyzed profound changes to science education research in Taiwan.