中国农村土地制度变迁和创新研究

中国农村土地制度在社会发展变化中也发生了变化,不再是从前的私有制,而是公有制,一直到后期的在集体基础上实行家庭承包经营制度,土地的承包经营权是由经营者来决定的,并可以自由流转。我国农村在不同的发展阶段是要合理的农村土地制度的,从我国农村土地制度制度的变迁中也能够看出来中国农村发展的速度也较为速度,但在相关土地制度应用过程中,还是要对其进行不断的创新研究,这样才能和中国农村发展情况相符合,让农村土地制度真正为农民所服务。分析了中国农村土地制度的变迁以及创新。     

新中国农村土地制度变迁历程的制度经济学分析

通过对建国以来不同时期制度变迁过程中的粮食产量的变化进行分析,结果表明,高度集中统一的经济体制的松动与粮食生产是正相关的,农村微观经济体制的变动是影响粮食生产的主要因素,农村土地制度变革必须充分调动农民的积极性,确保农村社会稳定。     

对农村转移人口市民化的制度考察——以城中村改造的制度均衡为例

城中村是我国城乡隔离制度安排背景下,政府加快工业化和城镇化的城市快速扩张的产物,是政府以制度变迁成本最小化为原则,回避与主要利益群体冲突的产物.如何对城中村进行改造,是推进我国新型城镇化战略的重要内容之一.本文从制度变迁角度对城中村改造和农民市民化进行研究,分析制度变迁过程中的制度供给与制度需求间的不均衡,农民对制度需求的强度减弱还在一定程度上增大了制度变迁的难度,无疑为政府加快对城中村改造增加了难度;因此,在既有条件下如何在路径依赖中实现制度的均衡,首要问题就是真正保证农村土地产权制度的落实.     

农村集体建设用地流转制度创新——天津市“以宅基地换房”创新发展思路的研究

由于我国现有的城市土地国家所有制和农村土地集体所有制并存的二元土地制度．同时在征地过程中实行国有产权优于集体产权的征地政策,使得集体土地不能入市,农村遭受极大的损失。为了探寻农村集体建设用地流转的新途径,天津市开创了“以宅基地换房”的创新发展思路．不仅快速实现了城市化,而且充分保障了农民利益不受侵犯。     

新农村建设中农村土地制度创新分析

随着我国城乡差距的拉大,农村问题越来越成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素。农业是农村经济发展的基础,而制约我国农业发展的最重要的因素是农村土地制度。本文通过对农地制度的历史变迁及现行农地制度的缺陷分析,对农地创新的目标和所需条件进行了初步的探讨,并提出相应的政策建议。     

浅析我国农村土地征用的影响因素与完善措施

基于经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快的需要,大量农村土地被征用将不可避免。但由于征用制度不健全,在土地征用过程中尚有诸多问题急待解决。只有进一步改革和完善农村土地征用制度,允许农村集体土地在一定条件下进入一级市场流通,规范征用程序,提高补偿金,并使安置方式多元化,才能更好的维护农村集体组织和农民的合法权益,促进农村经济朝着更健康的方向发展。     

中国自然垄断产业政府管制制度变迁的主体分析

我国自然垄断产业政府管制制度变迁是由多元主体推动的,其中主要包括消费者、企业和国家.三者在变迁过程中的利益必然存在冲突,在变迁中发挥着不同的作用.消费者、企业和国家都能引发制度的需求,但只有国家才能最终实现管制制度变迁的供给,并在此基础上实现新的制度均衡.而消费者、企业和国家三个变迁主体的力量对比及国家在制度变迁中的有限理性又可能导致我国自然垄断产业政府管制制度变迁不是一种充分博弈的结果,制度结果与其制度创新预期相背离.     

浅谈推进农村土地管理制度改革的方法与措施

农村的土地管理一直是我国政府重点关注的内容,在城镇化建设进程不断加快的过程中,耕地保护和土地占用之间的矛盾也日渐凸显,土地管理制度的改革也迫在眉睫。笔者通过多年对农村土地管理的研究来详细说明推进农村土地管理制度改革的几点方法与相关措施。     

新农保制度构建中的政府责任分析

从制度变迁理论的视角,对我国新农保制度构建过程中的政府责任进行分析。新农保制度是强制性制度变迁和诱致性制度变迁相结合的产物,新农保制度建设需要政府的积极引导和大力支持。在当前新农保政策实施过程中,还存在政府责任不明确及缺位的现象,为了促进新农保制度的可持续发展,笔者提出新农保制度构建中加强政府责任的具体建议。     

加快我国农村剩余劳动力转移的相关制度改革

中国农村劳动力大量剩余是经济发展战略选择错误的原因,也是制度禁锢的结果。加快农村剩余劳动力转移必须消除二元制度,建立有利于城乡融合的新制度。论文探讨了相关的四个主要制度改革,包括户籍制度、农村土地制度、劳动力市场制度和社会保障制度,得出户籍制度改革应实施分类放开措施、农村土地制度改革应实施政府控制下的产权私有化政策、劳动力市场应在制度上全面规范、社会保障制度改革当前的取向应首先做到保护农民工基本的工作权益和社会福利权益。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.