历史课中的错别字

在历史教学中常会遇到学生写错别字，如把“威胁”写“危胁”或“危协”，把“统治”写成“统制”，把“袁世凯”写成“袁土墩”，把“片面”写成“偏面”，把“资政新篇”写成“资政新编”，把“黄宗羲”、“王羲之”写成“黄宗曦”、“王曦之”，把“辛亥革命”写成“新亥革命”，把“洪仁歼”写成“洪仁轩”，把“镇压”写成“振压”，把“导致”写成“导制”或“导至”，把“遵义”写成“尊义”、“尊议”，把耦犁、曲辕犁、伊犁的“犁”写成“梨”，等等。     

王国维的“境界说”与顾随的“古同致说”

王国维论词标举“境界”，“境界”的实质在一“真”字。然而好的文学，应该是“真”、“善”、“美”的统一，即除了求“真”、求“善”，还应求“美”，“境界说”显然是有缺陷的。顾随论词标举“高致”，“高致”的实质是在肯定“境界”、肯定“真”字的前提下，强调“善”字，强调“美”字，即既要“立诚”，又要有“心行”，又要有“文采”。“高致说”是对“境界说”的一个重要补充，是对20世纪词学理论的一个重要贡献。     

博士生的学业之难

博士生，全称“博士研究生”。所谓“博”，就是“广取博纳，博采众长”；所谓“士”，就是“责任意识，担当精神”；所谓“研”，就是“如切如磋，如琢如磨”；所谓“究”，就是“正本清源，寻根问底”；所谓“生”，就是“创造创新、生机勃勃”；而所谓“博士研究生”，就是在学术方面博采众长、切磋琢磨，创造创新，在生活方面生机勃勃、生意盎然，在精神方面勇于担当、善于担当，“铁肩担道义，妙手著文章”的人。     

容易读错的姓氏

1、“么（也写作“么”）姓，姓“腰”，不读“什么”的“么”；2、“干”姓，读“甘”，不读“干部”的“干”；3、“行”姓，读“形”，不读“银行”的“行”；4、“应”姓，读“英”，不读“应酬”的“应”；5、“黑”姓，读“贺”，不读“黑白”的“黑”；6、“仇”姓，读“求”，不读“仇恨”的“仇”；7、“区”姓，读“欧”，不读“地区”的“区”；8、“任”姓，读“人”，不读“任务”的“任”；9、“朴”姓，读“瓢”，不读“朴素”的‘’朴”；10、“折”姓，读“舌”，不读“折扣”的“折”；11、“单”姓，读“善”，不读“单…     

常用词“窃”、“盗”、“偷”的历时替换

“窃”、“盗”、“偷”是表示“偷盗，盗窃”义的一组同义词，先秦口语一般用“窃”、“盗”，以“窃”为多；两汉时期“窃”、“盗”、“偷”三者同时使用，“盗”占优势；魏晋时期“偷”的使用超过其余两者，并沿用至今。“窃”、“盗”、“偷”的历时更替，反映了这组常用词的演变过程。     

管窥中国古代音乐美学中的"情"

乐以情为“本”，音乐作品之生命，首在于“情”，乐离“情”，则失其感人之力。乐以“形情”，决定其须“唱情”，惟“唱情”，才能体现乐以“形情”。“唱情”，就须得曲情，若缺少此感情体验，就须“移情”。音乐最擅长于表达感情，故亦最能“陶情”。文章想通过对“形情”、“唱情”、“移情”、“陶情”的阐释，论述中国古代“情”的音乐美学思想之高深，使其在新的理论层面上得以升华。     

理性之“德”与非理性之“德”——从反理性主义视域看老子关于“德”的思想

在老子的学说中，“道”和“德”之间并不是“体”和“用”的关系。“德”有“上德”和“下德”之分，“上德”是非理性之“德”，即自然无为之“德”，它就是“道”本身；而“下德”则是理性之“德”，即人为之“德”，它是对“道”的反动。在老子那里，“德”要么就是“道”本身，要么就与“道”相对立。老子反对理性之“德”而崇尚非理性之“德”。理性之“德”是人给自己制定的精神枷锁，实乃“无德”。非理性之“德”就是自由地体验内在的生命，是以“有德”。老子所主张的非理性之“德”对实现人的自由和社会的和谐具有重要的意义。     

《中国语历史文法》商榷两则

太田辰夫（2003）谈到“专有名词”，认为“一般不用数词量词，用的时候就产生了特殊的意义”，如“一棹归来，只做个五湖范蠡”。其实，从古至今，汉语都有“数量词+人名”，是正常用法。太田辰夫认为“白干一下”“去电影一下”“人家母女一场”“二房一场”等，都是凭着使用“一下”“一场”这些次数补语，和“可以”“那么”“怪”等助动词、副词，而勉强使得名词用作动词的。其实，“母女一场”的“母女”与“白干”等其他词语不同，不属名词活用，而是关系名词，而关系名词有它不同于一般名词之处。     

敦煌叶鲁番法制文字词语考释

敦煌吐鲁番法制书中，“待实、待至”义为“等到（发现实情）以后”，“对众”义为“当众”，“上言”义为“奏”，“稽程”义为“延误程限”，“推迁”义为“死亡”，“论说”义为“争论”，“容奇”义为“收留”，“高下”义为“好歹”，“青好”义为“愿意”，“交”义为“总共”，“陪填”义为“堵塞”，“守当”义为“看守”，“影授”义为“靠山”，“得实”义为“真实”。     

“甘”、“今”同源论

“甘”、“今”同为“含”的本字，所不同是，“甘”是“口含甜美之物”，而“今”是“甘”的倒文，表示“口含苦物”。“甘”一变为“今”，再变为“含”；“今”由“含在口里的这会儿”引申出“是时”、“今时”之义。     

论罗蒂协同性实用主义的反哲学本性

理查德·罗蒂立足后现代主义、解构主义、文化自由主义、相对主义和后哲学文化论,建立的协同性实用主义,批判分析哲学、现象学、传统的认识论、反映论、符合论和真理观,肯定解释学的功能与教化作用,否定客观性、绝对性、永恒性和不变性,反对理性主义、科学主义和实在论,主张解构形而上学,创立无冕哲学,提倡工具主义、约定主义、实用主义、多元主义,以及心灵与社会的协同性作用。     

Reviews

Buckingham, David Moving Images: Understanding Children's Emotional Responses to Television
Aldrich, Richard (ed) In History and in Education: Essays presented to Peter Gordon
Kohli, Wendy (ed) Critical Conversations in Philosophy of Education
Griffiths, Morwenna Feminisms and the Self: the web of identity
Fryer, Marilyn Creative Teaching and Learning
Atkinson, Paul; Davies, Brian and Delamont, Sara (eds) Discourse and Reproduction: Essays in Honour of Basil Bernstein
Slee, Roger Changing Theories and Practices of Discipline
Woods, Peter and Jeffrey, Bob Teachable Moments: The Art of Teaching in Primary Schools
Best, Ron (ed) Education, Spirituality and the Whole Child
Bassey, Michael Creating Education Through Research
Higham, Jeremy; Sharp, Paul and Yeomans, David The Emerging 16–19 Curriculum: Policy and Provision
Bruner, Jerome The Culture of Education
Halsall, Rob and Cockett, Mike (eds) Education and Training: Chaos or Coherence
McBride, Rob (ed) Teacher Education Policy
Wideen, Marvin F. and Grimmett, Peter P. (eds) Changing Times in Teacher Education
Nixon, Jon; Martin, Jane; McKeown, Penny and Ranson, Stewart Encouraging Learning: towards a theory of the learning school
Gewirtz, Sharon; Ball, Stephen, J. and Bowe, Richard Markets, Choice and Equity in Education     

Nanotechnology and Nanoscale Science: Educational challenges

Nanotechnology has been touted as the next ‘industrial revolution’ of our modern age. In order for successful research, development, and social discourses to take place in this field, education research is needed to inform the development of standards, course development, and workforce preparation. In addition, there is a growing need to educate citizens and students about risks, benefits, and social and ethical issues related to nanotechnology. This position paper describes the advancements that have been made in nanoscale science and nanotechnology, and the challenges that exist to educate students and the public about critical nanoscience concepts. This paper reviews the current research on nanotechnology education including curricula, educational programs, informal education, and teacher education. Furthermore, the unique risks, benefits and ethics of these unusual technological applications are described in relation to nanoeducation goals. Finally, we outline needed future research in the areas of nanoscience content, standards and curricula, nanoscience pedagogy, teacher education, and the risks, benefits, and social and ethical dimensions for education in this emerging field.     

哈萨克民族图案纹样解析

哈萨克人的日常生活用品地毯、衣饰、家具、器皿、乐器、马饰等物品上都绘有不同的图案纹样。图案纹样艺术在本质上是一种人的意志和精神的物化。古老的哈萨克民族图案纹样艺术的审美心理结构和纹样形式的形成有赖于历史的生成与积淀,印记、装潢、文字、宗教以及生活方式等成为形成哈萨克图案纹样艺术样式的主要因素。     

Remembering Smithells: Past,Present, Future

In this article, I analyze a set of narratives about, and memorials to, Philip Ashton Smithells, the founder of physical education in New Zealand and a pantheon figure within the discipline. Rather than analyzing these narratives and memorials as stories and artifacts that accurately reconstruct Smithells and his ideas and practices, I conceptualize them as choices that create representations or interpretations that are independent of the truth. I also conceptualize the memorials to Smithells, which include a building, painting, photograph, lecture, and scholarship, as triggers for personal and collective memories. But neither narratives nor memorials can guarantee what individuals or communities remember and, in this sense, history, as representations of the past, is always fluid. Notions of choice and representation may unsettle those who regard history as synonymous with facts and truths and who seek the clarity of a definitive past. However, conceptualizing history as representations reminds us that our understanding of physical education, its origins and its founders, will continually shift with new reflections and as fresh ideas emerge, material conditions change, and events unfold.     

Empowering Dialogues in Humanistic Education

Abstract

In this article I propose a conception of empowering educational dialogue within the framework of humanistic education. It is based on the notions of Humanistic Education and Empowerment, and draws on a large and diverse repertoire of dialogues—from the classical Socratic, Confucian and Talmudic dialogues, to the modern ones associated with the works of Nietzsche, Buber, Korczak, Rogers, Gadamer, Habermas, Freire, Noddings and Levinas. These forms of dialogue—differing in their treatment of and emphasis on the cognitive, affective, moral and existentialist elements—have become more dominant in recent educational discourse and practice—an intellectual phenomenon that calls for a more analytic and reflective elaboration of the essential elements that constitute educational dialogues. Hence it is the purpose of this article to elucidate the distinguishing marks of true dialogues, to set them within the normative discourse of humanistic education and empowerment, and to offer a normative and stipulative conception of empowering educational dialogue that can be utilized in the various intellectual and practical spheres of humanistic education—a paradigm,working definition, and outline for contemporary teachers in their quest to develop their students’ sensibilities and sensitivities, and empower their ability to live complete, autonomous, authentic, moral and dignified human lives.     

Pathways to reading,mathematics, and science: Examining domain-general correlates in young Chinese children

Early competencies in reading, mathematics, and science are associated with later school achievement and adulthood socioeconomic status. This cross-sectional study examined how fundamental domain-general capacities, including language, spatial, and self-regulatory skills, together relate to competencies in reading, mathematics, and science in young Chinese children. A total of 584 Chinese children aged approximately six years were tested individually on their language (receptive vocabulary), spatial (spatial perception, spatial visualization, and mental rotation), and self-regulation (behavioral regulation and working memory) skills, as well as their academic competencies in reading, mathematics, and science. The results showed that vocabulary, spatial, and self-regulatory skills were all associated with Chinese reading, mathematics, and life sciences, whereas only vocabulary was related to earth and physical sciences. The relation between vocabulary and formal mathematics and that between mental rotation and life sciences were found to be stronger in boys than in girls. The findings suggest that foundational domain-general skills may provide the building blocks for children’s academic competencies.     

论关涉人生幸福的教育

幸福是人所追求的生存状态与存在方式,现代意义上的幸福就是一种生活得更好的能力。教育作为一种特殊的生活方式,既要使生活于其中的人感受到幸福,亦要使人获得一种活得更好的能力。因而,幸福是教育的应然追求,关涉人生幸福的教育应超越知识而面对生活与意义,应超越设计而面对境遇与传统,应超越塑造而走向对话式生成,应超越实体而让师生在交往关系中共享幸福,应超越裁定而面向学生的发展。     

劳伦斯与非理性主义

以叔本华、尼采、弗洛伊德为代表的非理性主义是劳伦斯小说创作的思想基础。受叔本华影响,劳伦斯把生存意志作为人物行动的基本动力,这主要表现为向性力和精神占有欲。受尼采影响,劳伦斯赞美躯体,重视生命的内在能量和自我超越性,并与基督教决裂,成为西方基督教道德观的激烈批判者。劳伦斯在性与无意识这两个领域,对弗洛伊德精神分析理论有接受,也有超越。弗洛伊德与劳伦斯都把性、无意识与文明对立起来,但弗洛伊德进行的是否定性研究,强调对其疏导和控制,劳伦斯则认为性与无意识是原初的创造性力量,是生活的源泉,是对抗人之社会化和理性化的正面力量。非理性主义丰富和深化了劳伦斯对现代人心理世界的理解,加强了他的小说的社会批判力量。     

论师德

师德有其鲜明特点，加强师德建设要采取有力措施，把握师德的特点要从客观性和主观性，普遍性和特殊性，伟大性和平凡性，继承性和创新性，政治性和业务性，长久性和暂短性，慈爱性和严格性，自律性和他律性，理论性和实践性，学校性和社会性十个方面来考察，加强师德建设要注重抓好研德，承德，立德，评德，补德，正德，督德，。奖德，学德，炼德，施德十一个方面的工作。