Career Decisional States of Australian and South African High School Students

The influence of contextualfactors on the career decision states of 429South African and 623 Australian male andfemale students in grades 8 to 12 wasinvestigated. The results for both nationalsamples on the Career Decision Scaledemonstrate that grade, gender, and theinteraction of grade and gender impact on thedevelopmental progression of career decisionbehaviour. Gender differences across nationswere more pronounced for males than females.Both South African and Australian students aremore decided in lower grades. Internationaldifferences suggest that South African studentsare less certain and evidence greaterindecision than Australian students. Theimplications for educational decision pointsand career education practices are discussed.     

高职院校大学生职业成熟度与职业决策自我效能的关系研究

以某职业技术学院650名学生为研究对象,采用问卷调查法,选择职业成熟度问卷和职业决策自我效能问卷研究了高职院校大学生职业成熟度与职业决策自我效能之间的关系。结果表明：不同生源地的高职生职业成熟度和自我决策效能总分不存在显著性差异;但城市学生的职业认知水平较高,而农村学生更善于解决具体问题,城市学生职业成熟度较高;不同性别的高职生职业决策自我效能存在非常显著的差异,男生的职业决策自我效能大于女生;不同年级的学生职业成熟度和自我决策不存在显著性差异,但在成熟度的职业目标和职业自主维度上存在显著的差异。职业成熟度与职业决策自我效能之间存在显著性正相关。     

中国制度环境下本科学生自主选择专业的探索与实践——北京大学元培计划实验班的案例分析

长期以来,我国本科生在高校录取时确定专业。由于学生对大学的专业设置不十分了解,填报志愿时带有很大的盲目性,结果很多学生的兴趣、特长与其所学专业不相适应。2001年北京大学启动了本科教育改革计划———元培计划,让学生到大学学习一段时间,对各个学科专业有了一定了解之后,根据自己的兴趣、能力自主选择专业。元培计划是中国制度环境下本科生自主选择专业的新模式,为探索中国高校学生自主选择专业机制积累了经验。     

Teaching Thermodynamics to Physics Students using the Keller Plan

Summaries

English

An experimental Keller Plan programme for teaching thermodynamics to second‐year students at a Spanish university, is described. The evaluation of the programme, made in comparison with conventionally taught students, showed Keller Plan teaching to result in an improvement of students’ study habits and a more positive attitude towards examinations and tests. On the negative side, however, students following the Keller Plan programme performed less well in actual calculations and problem‐solving than their counterparts. A modified Keller Plan scheme has recently been adopted.     

What Satisfies Students? Mining Student-Opinion Data with Regression and Decision Tree Analysis

To investigate how students' characteristics and experiences affect satisfaction, this study uses regression and decision tree analysis with the CHAID algorithm to analyze student-opinion data. A data mining approach identifies the specific aspects of students' university experience that most influence three measures of general satisfaction. The three measures have different predictors and cannot be used interchangeably. Academic experiences are influential. In particular, faculty preparedness, which has a well-known relationship to student achievement, emerges as a principal determinant of satisfaction. Social integration and pre-enrollment opinions are also important. Campus services and facilities have limited effects, and students' demographic characteristics are not significant predictors. Decision tree analysis reveals that social integration has more effect on the satisfaction of students who are less academically engaged.     

福建省中小学师资需求与师范专业招生培养研究

福建省2010-2020年普通中小学师资数量需求和学历要求的预测表明,全省师范专业专科宜按＂十二五＂期间年均907人、＂十三五＂期间年均600人的规模,师范专业本科＂十二五＂期间宜按年均6000人＂、十三五＂期间按年均4173人的规模进行招生培养。同时,必须改进师范专业学科和课程结构,调整学术型学位和专业型学位比例,加大发展教育专业学位研究生教育,培养基础教育所需的高素质师资和人才。     

Social Participation of Students with Special Needs in Regular Primary Education in the Netherlands

This study addresses the social participation of young students (Grades One to Three) with special needs in regular Dutch primary schools. More specifically, the focus lies on four key themes related to social participation: friendships/relationships, contacts/interactions, students’ social self‐perception, and acceptance by classmates. The outcomes of the study revealed that the majority of students with special needs have a satisfactory degree of social participation. However, compared with students without special needs, a relatively large portion of the students with special needs experience difficulties in their social participation. In general, students with special needs have a significantly lower number of friends and are members of a cohesive subgroup less often than their typical peers. In addition, students with special needs have fewer interactions with classmates, have more interactions with the teacher, and are less accepted than students without special needs. The social self‐perception of both groups of students does not differ. A comparison between students with different categories of disability regarding the four themes of social participation revealed no significant differences.     

中国教育政策的简政放权之路——基于“决定”、“计划”、“纲要”的文本分析

1985年,《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》发布;1998年,国务院批转《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》;2010年,《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》正式颁布。至此,国家教育体制改革试点工作全面启动。在教育体制改革中,"简政放权"一直贯穿其中。对比这三个纲领性文件,结合国家教育体制改革实践,分析得出党的教育政策的简政放权之路是:中央向地方放权,更加明确更加系统;政府向学校放权,更加具体更加制度化;社会各界共同参与,范围更广更加规范化;强调组织领导,主导作用更加科学化;依法治教,教育法律法规逐步健全。     

Perceptions of control at school among students in special education programs

Data are reported on special and regular education students' perceptions of control at school and the importance to the students of having such control. For both special and regular education populations, comparisons were made between students enrolled in experimental and nonexperimental programs. Findings indicate comparability among the four groups with regard to areas in which control is valued. Perceptions of control at school for those in the standard special education group were lower than the ratings of regular education students and lower than those given by special education students in the experimental program.     

What makes special-education teachers special? Teacher training and achievement of students with disabilities

Using statewide data from Florida, we analyze the impact of both pre-service and in-service training on the ability of teachers to promote academic achievement among students with disabilities. We find students with disabilities whose teacher is certified in special education have greater achievement in both math and reading than similar students whose teacher is not special-education certified. However, students without disabilities experience slightly lower achievement when taught by a special-education certified teacher. In-service professional development has no effect on the value-added of teachers in special education courses, but non-disabled students whose regular education teachers received special education training exhibit modestly higher achievement. Similarly, the gain in effectiveness associated with teacher experience is greater for teachers of regular education courses than for teachers of special education courses. Teachers with advanced degrees are more effective in boosting the math achievement of students with disabilities than are those with only a baccalaureate degree.     

决策树在高职学生成绩影响因素分析中的应用

利用数据挖掘技术研究高职院校学生成绩的影响因素,对高职学生成绩管理具有重要意义。决策树法是数据挖掘的主要技术和方法,利用决策树C4.5算法系统研究了我校信息工程学院二年级学生成绩影响因素,建立了影响学生成绩的决策树模型,使学校有针对性的开展学生管理工作。     

Starting school: the importance of parents' expectations

Following the diagnosis of a child's disability parents can find that their expectations are shattered. As they adjust to their new situation they will begin to develop new ideas of what the future will hold. Supporting families is a key theme in current government policy, hence the development of the Early Support Programme. In this paper Fran Russell, who has a son with a learning disability, sets out the rationale for supporting parents through focusing on their expectations. She presents the findings of a research study, conducted as part of her Education Doctorate at Leeds University, which investigated parents' expectations as their disabled child started school. The findings indicate what can help and/or hinder parents developing expectations that are likely to have positive outcomes and so enhance the relationships families develop with support professionals and practitioners. Finally she proposes the development of an Early Years Transition Plan to facilitate this process based on the Family Service Plan, currently being introduced.     

高职学生的基础技能研究

就所在领域从业人员应具备的基础技能水平与新入行的高职毕业生掌握该技能的程度,对高职教师、校友、企业进行调查。调查发现,口头表达、人际关系、计划和职业写作是基础技能中最重要的技能,高职生毕业时实现程度最高的基础技能是数学、计算机应用和资源管理,计划、决策、领导和口头表达能力是高职毕业生达成度最低的基础技能;高职教师不太重视高职生的基础技能培养。     

C4.5决策树法在网络课程知识点个性化设计中的应用

决策树是归纳学习和数据挖掘的重要方法,通常用来形成分类器和预测模型。对网络课程知识点个性化设计中的大量数据,运用数据挖掘算法中的决策树C4.5算法对所给数据进行处理,选取决策属性,构造决策树,提取分类规则,获取每一个知识点与不同类型的学生之间的关系。通过实验仿真发现,C4.5决策树算法取得了较为理想的分类预测效果。     

Authority Structure,Classroom Openness and Student Outcomes

The effects of open education on student outcomes were investigated using classroom authority structure analysis. It was maintained that student outcomes are contingent on the congruence between formal and informal authority structure. The former is determined by the educational policy of the school, while the latter reflects pupils’ ratings of teacher readiness to share classroom decision making with them. A Student Decision Making Scale was devised to assess shared authority as perceived by students. Three open elementary schools with 274 students in 10 classes, and two comparable traditional schools with 224 students in nine classes were included in the present sample. Results indicated that more congruent authority structure was related to higher reading comprehension and vocabulary attainment, as well as to lower social desirability scores. This was true both when (a) shared authority was higher at the formal as well as the informal level (open schools with high shared authority in the classroom), and (b) shared authority was lower at the formal and the informal level (traditional schools with little authority shared in class).     

‘They get a qualification at the end of it,I think’: incidental workplace learning and technical education in England

Workplace learning is increasingly central to the international lifelong learning agenda but has made limited contributions to full-time vocational education in England during the last 30 years. A more central role is envisaged within the technical education proposed by the 2016 Sainsbury Review and Post-16 Skills Plan, with access to work placements dominating discussion of policy implementation. A multicase study of workplace learning among post-16 students in England on current ‘study programmes’ was mapped to four of the technical routes designated by the Sainsbury Review and Skills Plan, using documentary, observation and interview data. The study drew on theorisation of the workplace as the site of situated or incidental learning, whilst noting that its opportunities are differentially allocated according to organisational or personal differences, in ways that have particular implications for young people on placements. Whilst access to more advanced learning opportunities was secured through planned, collaborative approaches, reliance on incidental learning offered more routinised experiences to students less prepared for autonomous learning. The study indicates that questions of access, knowledge and pedagogy remain to be addressed if plans for ‘technical education’ in England are to provide meaningful learning opportunities and support transitions to fulfilling work.     

三种不同教育安置模式中的轻度智力落后儿童人格特征比较研究

采用《缺陷儿童人格诊断量表》 ,比较了上海市 5 6 3名分别在普通班随班就读与在辅读学校、普通学校辅读班学习的三类轻度智力落后儿童的人格特征。研究发现 ,三类儿童的人格特征有显著差异 ,在普通班随班就读的轻度智力落后儿童的人格发展落后于其他两类轻度智力落后儿童。此结果启示 ,应该关注随班就读的轻度智力落后儿童所受教育的质量。     

基于ASP.NET技术的煤矿安全评价辅助决策系统研究

介绍了一种基于ASP.NET技术的煤矿安全评价辅助决策系统（CMSEADS）,主要内容包括系统结构、功能特点、运行环境要求等关键技术,对煤矿安全评价管理工作自动化具有一定的参考价值。利用计算机和网络技术对煤矿安全工作的任务、人员、事件等方面实现分析、统计、预测、评价和决策管理功能。     

Early Acceleration of Mathematics Students and its Effect on Growth in Self-esteem: A Longitudinal Study

The Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) database was employed to examine the educational practice of early acceleration of students of mathematics on the development of their self-esteem across the entire secondary grade levels. Students were classified into three different academic categories (gifted, honors, and regular). Results indicated that, in terms of the development of their self-esteem, gifted students benefited from early acceleration, honors students neither benefited nor were harmed by early acceleration, and regular students were harmed by early acceleration. Early acceleration in mathematics promoted significant growth in self-esteem among gifted male students and among gifted, honors, and regular minority students. When students were accelerated, schools showed similar average growth in self-esteem among gifted students and regular students and a large effect of general support for mathematics on the average growth in self-esteem among honors students.