7种干旱评估指标在广东北江流域应用中的对比分析

本文基于Pa、MI、SPI、ZI、SPEI干旱评估指标,对广东北江流域干旱等级进行评估,统计出各指标干旱等级不一致的情况,然后通过各指标间的等级不一致率及等级差值来分析各指标之间的异同,同时根据CI、AWTP指标的定义,统计出季节尺度的干旱持续时间CI-N(多年均值为CI-L)及与之对应的一次等价连续干旱期AWTP-N(多年均值为AWTP-L)并进行对比分析.在Pa、MI、SPI、ZI、SPEI指标的对比中发现,Pa与MI评估的干旱等级较接近,ZI、SPI、SPEI评估的干旱等级较相似,但Pa、MI与ZI、SPI、SPEI评估的干旱等级存在较大差别.这些差别主要原因是各指标计算方法不同造成的.各指标间干旱等级不一致率较高的主要集中在秋季(10月、11月)和冬季(12月、1月).对比分析发现MI比较Pa评估的干旱等级更为合理;SPEI比较ZI、SPI评估的干旱等级更为合理;在对气温变化造成蒸发从而影响干旱等级变化的反应方面,SPEI优于MI;结合历史实际干旱资料对比分析发现SPEI对干旱的评估更接近实际情况.在CI与AWTP对比中发现,二者评估的干旱结果存在较大差别甚至没有必然的联系.这些分析结果也可为干旱评估指标的改进或新指标的建立提供依据.     

反思性知识重构、企业即兴能力及其创新效应

本研究探讨并验证了反思性知识重构与即兴能力对创新绩效的影响机理。以196家科技型企业为样本进行层次回归分析,结果表明：反思性知识重构是提高企业创新绩效的重要决定因素;并且,反思性知识重构可通过培育组织即兴能力间接地促进创新绩效。当环境动荡性较高时,组织即兴能力的中介效应更强。此外,还发现技术环境扰动会增强反思性知识重构对即兴能力“创造性”维度的影响,而市场环境扰动会增强反思性知识重构对即兴能力“即时性”维度的影响。本文打开了反思性知识重构影响创新绩效的“黑箱”,并且明确了反思性知识重构提高创新绩效的边界条件。     

1961-2010年黄淮海流域旱涝时空变化特征

本文选取标准化降水指数(SPI),以黄淮海流域145个气象站点1961-2010年逐日降水资料为基础,选取旱涝频率和旱涝范围作为评价指标,结合morlet小波分析法和经验正交分解函数(EOF),从时间和空间两个方面对黄淮海流域旱涝变化特征进行分析。结果显示:研究时段内,黄淮海流域气候总体呈暖干化趋势,除中度干旱主周期为10年外,其余各级干旱、洪涝范围的主周期分别为20~25年、25~33年,另外除极度洪涝外,其余各级旱涝的突变年份均在1977-1978年左右;空间上,流域内洪涝频率总体上低于干旱频率,在大尺度气候异常影响下,黄河、海河流域旱涝变化基本同步,淮河流域与其它两流域旱涝变化相反。此外,受纬度和季风气候等因素的综合作用,流域内旱涝变化呈纬向分布特征。     

Customer perceived value in the software business

This paper addresses customer perceived value in the context of high-technology industry, specifically in the software business. Customer perception of value is a complex phenomenon not only theoretically, but even more so in practice. We have chosen to examine this phenomenon in the specific context of the software business, as we believe that software as an object of exchange encourages fresh viewpoints owing to its abstract nature. Our study is exploratory in nature, with an empirical insight gained through two qualitative case studies from the software business. The conclusion presents elements of customer perceived value within both software project and product businesses. Based on the findings, we suggest a framework for examining the way business logic influences the customer's value perception, especially in terms of the complexity of the perception of both benefits and sacrifices.     

Cloud computing utilization and mitigation of informational and marketing barriers of the SMEs from the emerging markets: Evidence from Iran and Turkey

This study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of Cloud Computing Utilization (CCU) in the mitigation of informational and marketing barriers for SMEs from the Emerging Market-Countries (EM-SMEs). A quantitative-research methodology was applied to collect data by using self-administered questionnaires from top managers of 227 SMEs based in Iran and Turkey. The study contributes theoretically to both small business and international business literature by developing a new classification of the internationalization barriers that EM-SMEs face, and proposing a series of cloud computing (CC) solutions for mitigating these barriers, resulting in the creation and testing of a new model. The empirical findings confirm that CCU can help EM-SMEs to mitigate a series of informational and marketing barriers. The key practical contributions of the study offer insights to both EM-SMEs and Cloud-Service-Providers (CSPs) on the extent to which CCU is effective in mitigating the internationalization barriers faced by EM-SMEs.     

LabVIEW虚拟仪器在独立学院实践教学中的应用

独立学院为我国高等教育发展作出了重要贡献,但硬件设施投入不足一定程度上制约了其实践教学的开展。运用虚拟仪器技术能有效解决教学投入不足的问题。介绍了LabVIEW虚拟仪器的特点,并将LabVIEW软件应用到实践创新项目中。     

广西西南部干旱指数分析

利用崇左市7个气象站1965-2010年每日的降水资料及雨日,计算三个干旱监测指标:综合干旱指数、降水距平百分率及累计降水距平、标准化降水指数(SPI),结果以用于综合监测某时段旱涝程度。三个干旱监测指标计算结果与灾情实况对比分析表明,综合干旱指数和降水距平百分率都能很好地反映广西西南部的干旱情况;标准化降水指数(SPI)采用的是Γ分布概率来描述降水量的变化,只计算降水为0时的概率,因而与实际有差距。如果按广西西南部的实际情况,统计降水≥1.0mm的概率,则计算出的结果与实况比较接近。     

Managing the “Fuzzy front end” of open digital service innovation in the public sector: A methodology

There are many obstacles to effective open innovation in the public sector context, especially at the “fuzzy front end” (FFE), where the need or opportunity is known but serious resources have not yet been committed to possible solutions. In this paper, we report on a theoretically inspired and practically tested methodology for FFE public sector digital innovation. The methodology was purpose-built for the context and has been progressively refined using reflection-on-practice, but broadly consists of a hybrid of private sector open innovation practices, and agile software development processes. We outline the background, context, principles, stages and artefacts. Then we evaluate the method in terms of barriers and opportunities to FFE public sector innovation. We note that establishing the necessary context: a nurturing environment; cross-agency commitments in cash and in kind; and boundary spanning appointments, is as important to success as is the detailed execution of the method.     

高速存储器中的SPI接口电路设计

随着便携式电子产品市场的高速发展,串口存储器被广泛应用于手机、数码相机、硬盘和超级笔记本等设备,其高速接口技术是SPI存储器芯片设计的关键技术,文章介绍了高速串口存储器芯片的几种标准接口模式,分析了实现SPI逻辑功能的设计思路,并给出了SPI接口的仿真结果,结果表明设计完全满足SPI协议串行数据传输的要求,性能可靠的高速存储器接口电路。     

Ascending into order: A reflective analysis from a small open source development team

Open Source Software (OSS) has had a profound impact on the way in which software is developed and consequently on the perception of software development. This paper starts with a brief discussion of the eclectic techniques and processes, combinations of which may be used for OSS projects. A ‘real-world’ context will be examined using ‘Reflective Analysis’ focusing on the research and development team present within the Business, Logistics and Information Systems (BLIS) department at The University of Bolton. The reflective analysis explores some assumptions inherent in OSS development. Drawing on findings from experience, industry and background research, an attempt will be made to provide an insight into how in a small team, the use of OSS and associated techniques can lead to the successful development of software. Whilst early results show that smaller OSS projects may appear to have little or no formal structure with closer investigation it is clear this is not the case. Without at least some degree of management, the teams experience indicates that such projects may be prone to failure.     

基于AVR单片机串行口的研究

本次研究的主要目的是对USART串口通信模块,TWI串口通信模块,SPI串口通信模块,数码管显示模块的功能实现.主要内容是编程实现处理器通过TWI接口对AT24C01的访问,并将结果通过USART发送至PC,以及通过SPI接口控制数码管进行相关数据显示.     

The concurrence of the current postanalytical phase management with the national recommendations: a survey of the Working Group for Postanalytics of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine

IntroductionThe detection and prevention of errors in the postanalytical phase can be done through the harmonization and standardization of constituent parts of this phase of laboratory work. The aim was to investigate how well the ongoing management of the postanalytical phase corresponds to the document “Post-analytical laboratory work: national recommendations” in Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories (MBLs).Materials and methodsAll 195 MBLs participating in the national external quality assessment scheme, were invited to undertake a part in a survey. Through 23 questions the participants were asked about management of the reference intervals (RI), delta check, reflex/reflective testing, postanalytical quality indicators and other parts of the postanalytical phase recommended in the national recommendations. The results are presented in numbers and percentages.ResultsOut of 195 MBLs, 119 participated in the survey, giving a response rate of 61%. Not all of the respondents provided answers to all the questions. Delta check has not been used in 59% (70/118) of the laboratories. Only 22/113 (20%) laboratories use reflex and/or reflective testing. In 53% of the laboratories, critical results were reported within 30 minutes of the confirmation of the results. In 34% (40/118) of the laboratories, turnaround time and reporting of critical results are two most often monitored postanalytical quality indicators.ConclusionThe results showed the critical results reporting and monitoring of postanalytical quality indicators are in the line with the recommendations. However, the management of RI verification, the use of delta check and reflex/reflective testing still must be harmonized among Croatian MBLs.     

幼儿教师反思能力的培养探讨

在后现代教育的影响下,反思教学应用而生。幼儿教学中也越来越注重幼儿教师的反思能力的培养。本文就是在这样的时代背景下,简要介绍了幼儿教师反思能力的主要表现,论述了培养幼儿教师反思能力的具体对策。     

Proprietary versus public domain licensing of software and research products

We study the production of knowledge when many researchers or inventors are involved, in a setting where tensions can arise between individual public and private contributions. We first show that, without some kind of coordination, production of the public knowledge good (science or research software or database) is sub-optimal. Then we demonstrate that if ‘lead’ researchers are able to establish a norm of contribution to the public good, a better outcome can be achieved, and we show that the general public license (GPL) used in the provision of open source software is one such mechanism. Our results are then applied to the specific setting where the knowledge being produced is software or a database that will be used by academic researchers and possibly by private firms, using as an example a product familiar to economists, econometric software. We conclude by discussing some of the ways in which pricing can ameliorate the problem of providing these products to academic researchers.     

基于开源云技术的高可用Web应用云研究

Web应用已成为当前主流的计算机服务方式,其数量与用户量已远远超过客户端程序。Web后端如何适应Web应用访问量迅速增加或减少带来的负载波动成为了当前的主要问题。而传统的分层架构企业级应用服务器集群方案存在一定的伸缩限制、高代价等缺陷。基于云计算的基本特征提出一种新的高可用Web应用云SPI（SaaS-Paas—IaaS）架构模型方案,基于Openstack的硬件资源管理、Cloudily的平台服务实现SPI模型,提供弹性Web应用运行平台,能较好解决前述问题。     

黑河上游气象与水文干旱指数时空变化特征对比分析

干旱具有成因复杂、影响范围广等特点,全球气候变化等因素使得干旱发生的频率日益增加。干旱指数是定量化干旱的工具,可用来分析干旱频率、程度及其时空变化特征。本文选取标准降水指数(SPI)与水文干湿指数这两个指标分别代表气象干旱指数与水文干旱指数,利用西北干旱区黑河上游祁连、野牛沟、托勒和肃南4个气象站1968-2009年的降水数据,采用子流域划分和空间插值等方法,分月、季节和年尺度计算出各站气象干旱指数及相应年份的水文干旱指数,并对两者进行了对比分析。结果表明:标准降水指数SPI与水文干湿指数都对干旱反应灵敏,均能较准确地发现和评价干旱,且二者在年尺度上以及空间上都具有较好的一致性;但在月尺度上,因水文循环过程,水文干旱滞后于气象干旱。     

基于调节焦点理论的领导语言框架对下属创造力的影响研究

尝试把调节焦点理论引入领导对下属创造力影响的研究领域,构建并验证了基于该理论的领导语言框架对下属创造力的影响机理模型。以143名学生为样本,采用实验研究方法,对领导语言框架影响下属创造力的作用机制进行了深入考察,实验结果表明,下属情境调节焦点部分中介了领导语言框架与下属创造力间的关系,下属特质调节焦点则调节了情境调节焦点与下属创造力间的关系。最后,就论文的主要研究结论、主要贡献及不足之处进行了总结。     

浅谈反思型教师的培养

培养反思型教师、倡导反思性教学的教育理念与实践始于20世纪80年代的英美等国。如今,培养反思型教师已经成为教师自我发展的主要途径之一。本文主要探讨反思型教师的内涵、教学反思的必要性以及反思型教师培养的途径。     

开源软件开发者和源代码协调性的网络分析

开源软件开发本着自愿参加和开放服务的原则吸引着越来越多的软件开发者,但是开源社区合作协调的管理一直是个难题。本文对开源软件开发者社区与其中的源代码管理系统的协调性进行了元网络分析实证研究。操作项目代码的次数可作为衡量开源软件成败的一个重要指标,而该指标与开发者和源代码之间的相互依存关系有密切联系。本文用Sourceforge.net开源软件孵化平台的CVS源代码管理系统中的记录文件构建开发者和源代码间的依存网络,分析了该网络中的依存关系对软件成功的影响,并从中介性、等级性、边缘性、一致性和邻接性五个方面探讨了相互依存中的协调性问题。本文提出的方法和得到的结论可帮助开发者降低沟通成本,更有效地协调软件开发中开发者和源代码中的依存关系。     

Relationships among organizational culture,knowledge sharing,and innovation capability: a case of the automobile industry in Taiwan

The advancement of automobiles (thereinafter auto) during these decades has not only made great contributions to the economic development, but also significantly changed people’s life. Apparently, the auto industry has entered an innovation race. Among extant literature, organizational culture (OC) has positive impact on innovation capability (INC), whereas little research concerns about how OC influences organization’s capabilities through knowledge management (KM) activities, especially for knowledge sharing (KS) taken in a firm. This study aims to explore the effect of OC and KS on INC in the knowledge-intensive auto industry. Questionnaires are given to 6 whole-car manufacturers, 49 parts suppliers, and 7 car dealers in Taiwan. 449 valid questionnaires are returned, and an empirical analysis through structural equation modeling (SEM) is performed. The result shows that KS is the mediating variable of OC and INC, and OC has a significant positive effect on KS.