农产品大宗经营决策模型设计与实证研究 --以大宗商品大豆经营决策模型设计为例

以组合投资理论为基础,设计科学的投资经营模型,量化决策方案,使企业规避价格波动造成的经营风险,保持稳定的经营收益,达到综合效用最大。该模型针对大宗农产品经营运作中的特点,将投资部位组合成现货头寸、期货头寸、投机头寸相结合的组合策略,实现大宗商品经营决策科学化与实际可操作性的结合。     

An ethical framework in information systems decision making using normative theories of business ethics

As business environments become more complex and reliant on information systems, the decisions made by managers affect a growing number of stakeholders. This paper proposes a framework based on the application of normative theories in business ethics to facilitate the evaluation of IS related ethical dilemmas and arrive at fair and consistent decisions. The framework is applied in the context of an information privacy dilemma to demonstrate the decision making process. The ethical dilemma is analyzed using each one of the three normative theories—the stockholder theory, stakeholder theory, and social contract theory. The challenges associated with the application of these theories are also discussed.     

不确定环境下企业脱胎换骨式业务转型的一个优化决策模型

在剖析脱胎换骨式业务转型特点的基础上,就企业实施这种转型面临的几个关键性问题进行剖析,并针对其转型方向及转型时机的决策,采用优化理论构建了一个基于实现企业未来价值最大化的决策模型。     

不确定环境下企业战略性业务转型的一个决策链模型

企业在不确定环境下实施的战略性业务转型，是一项充满风险的复杂系统工程。本文在广泛借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，着重针对企业实施战略性业务转型过程中必须面临的四个关键问题，即该不该转、朝哪里转、何时转、怎么转，提出了“转型决策链”这一概念并构建了一个相应的决策链模型；同时对模型作了详细解释，为企业的转型实践提供参考。     

The information rich employee and information for decision making: Review and comments

This paper deals with the broad concept of management of organizational information. More specifically, it examines the notion of information richness—that phenomenon by which certain individuals are better able to acquire, process and utilize information than are other individuals in the organization. Based on an analysis of relevant research findings some tentative hypotheses relating management and organizational information richness are suggested. In conclusion, a number of managerial implications of the notion of organizational information richness are discussed.     

商业银行金融服务外包的决策模型与战略选择

以商业银行的核心竞争力为基础,从能力、资源和环境3个方面分别组建了金融服务外包的决策模型.提出了相应的决策评价指标和决策分析思路.在此基础上,从业务层次、外包范围和战略性思考框架3个方面提出了商业银行选择服务外包战略的思路.     

选聘优秀管理人员的不确定语言决策模型

针对如何选聘管理人员的决策问题,提出了一种基于不确定语言信息处理的决策模型.首先引入不确定语言变量的运算法则以及不确定语言变量之间比较的可能度公式,给出了不确定语言变量间距离的概念,针对属性权重信息不完全的情形并基于方差最大化的思想给出了一个求解权重的线性规划模型;然后利用不确定语言加权平均(ULWA)算子,对不确定语言决策信息进行加权集成,并利用可能度公式构造可能度矩阵(互补判断矩阵),继而利用互补判断矩阵排序公式对决策方案进行排序和择优;最后进行了实例分析.     

Integrating robot ethics and machine morality: the study and design of moral competence in robots

Robot ethics encompasses ethical questions about how humans should design, deploy, and treat robots; machine morality encompasses questions about what moral capacities a robot should have and how these capacities could be computationally implemented. Publications on both of these topics have doubled twice in the past 10 years but have often remained separate from one another. In an attempt to better integrate the two, I offer a framework for what a morally competent robot would look like (normally considered machine morality) and discuss a number of ethical questions about the design, use, and treatment of such moral robots in society (normally considered robot ethics). Instead of searching for a fixed set of criteria of a robot’s moral competence I identify the multiple elements that make up human moral competence and probe the possibility of designing robots that have one or more of these human elements, which include: moral vocabulary; a system of norms; moral cognition and affect; moral decision making and action; moral communication. Juxtaposing empirical research, philosophical debates, and computational challenges, this article adopts an optimistic perspective: if robotic design truly commits to building morally competent robots, then those robots could be trustworthy and productive partners, caretakers, educators, and members of the human community. Moral competence does not resolve all ethical concerns over robots in society, but it may be a prerequisite to resolve at least some of them.     

Lost in cyberspace: ethical decision making in the online environment

In this study, a 20-item questionnaire was used to elicit undergraduates’ (N = 93) ethical judgment and behavioral intention regarding a number of behaviors involving computers and internet usage. Machiavellianism was found to be uncorrelated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention. Gender was found to be negatively correlated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention, such that females judged the behaviors as being less ethical than males, and were less likely to engage in the behaviors than males. A disconnect was found between ethical judgment and behavioral intention, for both males and females, such that the ethical judgment mean for a number of issues was significantly lower (towards the “unethical” end of the continuum) than the behavioral intention mean (towards the “more likely to engage in” end of the continuum). The study raises questions regarding ethical awareness of technology-related issues, and the authors make suggestions for future research.     

风险投资决策中的二叉树期权定价模型研究

将实物期权理论引入风险投资决策过程中,分析了传统NPV法的缺陷和风险投资的期权特性,建立了风险投资项目的二叉树期权定价模型,并对该模型在实际投资中进行了实例分析。     

西藏环境与发展综合决策的制度保障初探

本文是在西藏面临西部大开发的历史性机遇,探讨如何用法制来保障西藏实现可持续发展.提出西藏在进一步深化体制改革、促进经济发展的同时,必须要把环境作为一个重要的因素来加以考虑,考虑到国内外在发展经济的过程中给环境所带来的负面影响,为实现西藏可持续发展,避免走过去先污染,后治理的老路.提出在西藏必须严格实施<环境影响评价法>,并在现有的体制范围内,适度拓宽环境影评价的范围.     

一种电子商务中买卖双方交易匹配的决策方法

针对电子商务中买卖双方交易匹配问题,文章将主体给出的多粒度语言评价信息转化成三角模糊数形式,运用逼近理想解法计算主体综合评价与理想评价的相对贴近度,并以其表示匹配主体的满意度。构建综合考虑匹配主体满意度一致性和最大化的优化模型,求解该模型获得匹配结果。通过实例说明所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

动态多指标决策的理想矩阵法及应用

针对一类动态多指标决策问题，提出了理想矩阵法，该方法将指标的好坏和增长率因素巧妙地融合到方案决策中去，妥善的将三维决策问题处理为二维决策问题，并给出了一个理想矩阵法的应用案例。通过理想矩阵求解各方案的贴近度，得到最终决策排序结果。     

浅谈医院财务分析与管理决策

财务管理及财务分析是医院经济管理的重要手段,是为决策者提供管理信息的重要途径,明确财务活动的职责,处理日常财务会计工作,使财务工作有章可循。加强单位宏观经济调控,强化财务管理在资金的筹集、投资、运营及收益分配中的决策作用。     

一种新的具有独立子系统的决策单元DEA排序方法

基于非等比例缩减或扩展的思想,建立了输入型及输出型非径向C2GS2两阶段DEA模型,对具有独立子系统的决策单元进行评价及排序。本文方法克服了以往排序时权重确定的主观性,同时体现了DEA的最优性。最后的数值算例说明了方法的可行性。     

应用竞争合作理论分析制药企业R＆D战略联盟及其对策

从制药企业R&D的规模经济和范围经济的角度出发,应用合作竞争理论分析制药企业的R&D战略联盟行为.概括了我国制药企业R&D的现状和存在的问题,对照印度制药企业发展的模式,归纳了我国制药企业R&D战略联盟的模式及其战略决策的参考因素.     

Against the moral Turing test: accountable design and the moral reasoning of autonomous systems

This paper argues against the moral Turing test (MTT) as a framework for evaluating the moral performance of autonomous systems. Though the term has been carefully introduced, considered, and cautioned about in previous discussions (Allen et al. in J Exp Theor Artif Intell 12(3):251–261, 2000; Allen and Wallach 2009), it has lingered on as a touchstone for developing computational approaches to moral reasoning (Gerdes and Øhrstrøm in J Inf Commun Ethics Soc 13(2):98–109, 2015). While these efforts have not led to the detailed development of an MTT, they nonetheless retain the idea to discuss what kinds of action and reasoning should be demanded of autonomous systems. We explore the flawed basis of an MTT in imitation, even one based on scenarios of morally accountable actions. MTT-based evaluations are vulnerable to deception, inadequate reasoning, and inferior moral performance vis a vis a system’s capabilities. We propose verification—which demands the design of transparent, accountable processes of reasoning that reliably prefigure the performance of autonomous systems—serves as a superior framework for both designer and system alike. As autonomous social robots in particular take on an increasing range of critical roles within society, we conclude that verification offers an essential, albeit challenging, moral measure of their design and performance.