创业决策形成的微观机制：因果模型检验

 通过对277名创业者的问卷调研,采用结构方程建模技术,对创业决策形成的微观机制做了因果模型检验。研究结果发现,创业警觉性和先验知识是机会识别的直接影响因素,二者通过机会识别影响创业决策。机会识别在创业决策的因果模型中,扮演完全中介的角色。     

农产品大宗经营决策模型设计与实证研究 --以大宗商品大豆经营决策模型设计为例

以组合投资理论为基础,设计科学的投资经营模型,量化决策方案,使企业规避价格波动造成的经营风险,保持稳定的经营收益,达到综合效用最大。该模型针对大宗农产品经营运作中的特点,将投资部位组合成现货头寸、期货头寸、投机头寸相结合的组合策略,实现大宗商品经营决策科学化与实际可操作性的结合。     

An ethical framework in information systems decision making using normative theories of business ethics

As business environments become more complex and reliant on information systems, the decisions made by managers affect a growing number of stakeholders. This paper proposes a framework based on the application of normative theories in business ethics to facilitate the evaluation of IS related ethical dilemmas and arrive at fair and consistent decisions. The framework is applied in the context of an information privacy dilemma to demonstrate the decision making process. The ethical dilemma is analyzed using each one of the three normative theories—the stockholder theory, stakeholder theory, and social contract theory. The challenges associated with the application of these theories are also discussed.     

The benevolent health worm: comparing Western human rights-based ethics and Confucian duty-based moral philosophy

Censorship in the area of public health has become increasingly important in many parts of the world for a number of reasons. Groups with vested interest in public health policy are motivated to censor material. As governments, corporations, and organizations champion competing visions of public health issues, the more incentive there may be to censor. This is true in a number of circumstances: curtailing access to information regarding the health and welfare of soldiers in the Kuwait and Iraq wars, poor health conditions in Aboriginal communities, downplaying epidemics to bolster economies, and so forth. This paper will look at the use of a computer worm (the benevolent health worm) to disseminate vital information in␣situations where public health is threatened by government censorship and where there is great risk for those who ‹speak out’. The discussion of the benevolent health worm is focused on the Peoples’ Republic of China (China) drawing on three public health crises: HIV/AIDS, SARS and Avian Influenza. Ethical issues are examined first in a general fashion and then in a specific manner which uses the duty-based moral philosophy of Confucianism and a Western human rights-based analysis. Technical, political and legal issues will also be examined to the extent that they better inform the ethical debate.     

考虑愿景的动态多属性群决策共识模型

现实中很多的多属性群决策(MAGDM)问题常常具有以下特征:(1)决策者使用个人属性集和愿景集来评估各自的备选方案集,并且个人属性集和愿景集可以异构。(2)决策者不必就属性集和愿景集达成共识。(3)个人属性集、方案集和愿景集可以动态变化。通过将上述实际情况的特征纳入MAGDM,提出一种考虑愿景的动态多属性群决策共识模型及其解决框架,设计集体解决方案的选择过程和共识达成过程的算法,给出为达成共识对个人属性集、个人方案集、个人偏好和个人愿景集的调整建议,并结合实例加以说明。     

不确定环境下企业脱胎换骨式业务转型的一个优化决策模型

在剖析脱胎换骨式业务转型特点的基础上,就企业实施这种转型面临的几个关键性问题进行剖析,并针对其转型方向及转型时机的决策,采用优化理论构建了一个基于实现企业未来价值最大化的决策模型。     

Exploiting context-awareness and multi-criteria decision making to improve items recommendation using a tripartite graph-based model

Integrating useful input information is essential to provide efficient recommendations to users. In this work, we focus on improving items ratings prediction by merging both multiple contexts and multiple criteria based research directions which were addressed separately in most existent literature. Throughout this article, Criteria refer to the items attributes, while Context denotes the circumstances in which the user uses an item. Our goal is to capture more fine grained preferences to improve items recommendation quality using users’ multiple criteria ratings under specific contextual situations. Therefore, we examine the recommenders’ data from the graph theory based perspective by representing three types of entities (users, contextual situations and criteria) as well as their relationships as a tripartite graph. Upon the assumption that contextually similar users tend to have similar interests for similar item criteria, we perform a high-order co-clustering on the tripartite graph for simultaneously partitioning the graph entities representing users in similar contextual situations and their evaluated item criteria. To predict cluster-based multi-criteria ratings, we introduce an improved rating prediction method that considers the dependency between users and their contextual situations, and also takes into account the correlation between criteria in the prediction process. The predicted multi-criteria ratings are finally aggregated into a single representative output corresponding to an overall item rating. To guide our investigation, we create a research hypothesis to provide insights about the tripartite graph partitioning and design clear and justified preliminary experiments including quantitative and qualitative analyzes to validate it. Further thorough experiments on the two available context-aware multi-criteria datasets, TripAdvisor and Educational, demonstrate that our proposal exhibits substantial improvements over alternative recommendations approaches.     

基于图模型的供需匹配决策研究

从分析供需匹配之间存在的冲突入手,提出一种基于图模型冲突分析法来求解供需匹配问题的思路。首先在图模型视角下给出供需匹配问题的研究框架,分析不同类型的供需匹配问题,设定决策主体和决策策略;然后讨论不同匹配类型下的状态约简、偏好表达,进行稳定性分析;最后通过应用案例,将图模型法与群决策匹配算法进行对比分析,验证图模型求解供需匹配问题的有效性。     

Big data-assisted social media analytics for business model for business decision making system competitive analysis

Business is based on manufacturing, purchasing, selling a product, and earning or making profits. Social media analytics collect and analyze data from various social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Social media data analysis can help companies identify consumer desires and preferences, improve customer service and market analytics on social networks, and smarter product development and marketing investments. The business decision-making process is a step-by-step process that enables employees to resolve challenges by weighing evidence, evaluating possible solutions, and selecting a route. In this paper, Big Data-assisted Social Media Analytics for Business (BD-SMAB) Model increases awareness and affects decision-makers in marketing strategies. Companies can use big data analytics in many ways to enhance management. It can evaluate its competitors in real-time and change prices, make deals better than its competitors' sales, analyze competitors' unfavorable feedback and see if they can outperform that competitor. The proposed method examines social media analysis impacts on different areas such as real estate, organizations, and beauty trade fairs. This diversity of these companies shows the effects of social media and how positive decisions can be developed. Take better marketing decisions and develop a strategic approach. As a result, the BD-SMAB method enhance customer satisfaction and experience and develop brand awareness.     

不确定环境下企业战略性业务转型的一个决策链模型

企业在不确定环境下实施的战略性业务转型，是一项充满风险的复杂系统工程。本文在广泛借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，着重针对企业实施战略性业务转型过程中必须面临的四个关键问题，即该不该转、朝哪里转、何时转、怎么转，提出了“转型决策链”这一概念并构建了一个相应的决策链模型；同时对模型作了详细解释，为企业的转型实践提供参考。     

The information rich employee and information for decision making: Review and comments

This paper deals with the broad concept of management of organizational information. More specifically, it examines the notion of information richness—that phenomenon by which certain individuals are better able to acquire, process and utilize information than are other individuals in the organization. Based on an analysis of relevant research findings some tentative hypotheses relating management and organizational information richness are suggested. In conclusion, a number of managerial implications of the notion of organizational information richness are discussed.     

商业银行金融服务外包的决策模型与战略选择

以商业银行的核心竞争力为基础,从能力、资源和环境3个方面分别组建了金融服务外包的决策模型.提出了相应的决策评价指标和决策分析思路.在此基础上,从业务层次、外包范围和战略性思考框架3个方面提出了商业银行选择服务外包战略的思路.     

Integrating robot ethics and machine morality: the study and design of moral competence in robots

Robot ethics encompasses ethical questions about how humans should design, deploy, and treat robots; machine morality encompasses questions about what moral capacities a robot should have and how these capacities could be computationally implemented. Publications on both of these topics have doubled twice in the past 10 years but have often remained separate from one another. In an attempt to better integrate the two, I offer a framework for what a morally competent robot would look like (normally considered machine morality) and discuss a number of ethical questions about the design, use, and treatment of such moral robots in society (normally considered robot ethics). Instead of searching for a fixed set of criteria of a robot’s moral competence I identify the multiple elements that make up human moral competence and probe the possibility of designing robots that have one or more of these human elements, which include: moral vocabulary; a system of norms; moral cognition and affect; moral decision making and action; moral communication. Juxtaposing empirical research, philosophical debates, and computational challenges, this article adopts an optimistic perspective: if robotic design truly commits to building morally competent robots, then those robots could be trustworthy and productive partners, caretakers, educators, and members of the human community. Moral competence does not resolve all ethical concerns over robots in society, but it may be a prerequisite to resolve at least some of them.     

选聘优秀管理人员的不确定语言决策模型

针对如何选聘管理人员的决策问题,提出了一种基于不确定语言信息处理的决策模型.首先引入不确定语言变量的运算法则以及不确定语言变量之间比较的可能度公式,给出了不确定语言变量间距离的概念,针对属性权重信息不完全的情形并基于方差最大化的思想给出了一个求解权重的线性规划模型;然后利用不确定语言加权平均(ULWA)算子,对不确定语言决策信息进行加权集成,并利用可能度公式构造可能度矩阵(互补判断矩阵),继而利用互补判断矩阵排序公式对决策方案进行排序和择优;最后进行了实例分析.     

Lost in cyberspace: ethical decision making in the online environment

In this study, a 20-item questionnaire was used to elicit undergraduates’ (N = 93) ethical judgment and behavioral intention regarding a number of behaviors involving computers and internet usage. Machiavellianism was found to be uncorrelated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention. Gender was found to be negatively correlated with both ethical judgment and behavioral intention, such that females judged the behaviors as being less ethical than males, and were less likely to engage in the behaviors than males. A disconnect was found between ethical judgment and behavioral intention, for both males and females, such that the ethical judgment mean for a number of issues was significantly lower (towards the “unethical” end of the continuum) than the behavioral intention mean (towards the “more likely to engage in” end of the continuum). The study raises questions regarding ethical awareness of technology-related issues, and the authors make suggestions for future research.     

体外人胚胎研究“14天规则”亟待调整：基于科学、伦理、政策的综合视角分析

长期以来,国际科学界在体外人胚胎研究领域所遵循的“14天规则”,将人胚胎体外研究时间限制在受精后的14天内,这是该研究领域最重要的伦理规则。随着胚胎培养技术的发展,这一伦理规则受到前所未有的挑战。2021年,国际干细胞研究学会（ISSCR）在《干细胞研究和临床转化指南》中建议有条件地放宽这一限制,科学界重启关于“14天规则”的讨论。文章以“14天规则”为切入点,系统梳理人胚胎研究伦理规制的历史背景和现实挑战,围绕人胚胎的道德地位、尊严和法律地位等关键伦理问题进行分析,全面分析各界利益相关者的观点和态度,从而结合实际做出评估,明确提出审慎、适当延长“14天规则”的政策建议和具体措施。     

异构多属性群决策的VIKOR扩展方法

针对具有多个属性集和信息类型的多属性群决策问题,运用模块化的思想,提出一种新的决策方法。首先,将具有不同属性集与信息类型的决策矩阵视为相互独立的模块,按属性将其划分为若干子模块,并对子模块单独进行标准化;然后,计算每个模块中各方案的群体效用值、个体遗憾值和综合评价值。在此基础上,根据专家权重集结所得结果,并据此确定最优折衷方案。最后,通过两个算例验证所提方法的可行性与有效性。