文化安全视角下的云南跨境民族教育问题

在非传统安全时代,文化安全中的跨境民族教育安全是一个不能忽略的问题。一个国家教育的软实力不仅体现在其中心城市的教育,也应体现在沿边境地区的教育。对沿边境地区跨境民族教育的经费投入和特殊教育政策支持,是展示一个国家教育软实力的第一扇窗口,是建立国家文化安全的第一道屏障,因此,大力发展云南沿边境地区跨境民族教育,是西南边疆稳定的重要因素之一。     

Race, ethnicity, and culture in child development: contemporary research and future directions

The editors of this special issue reflect on the current status and future directions of research on race, ethnicity, and culture in child development. Research in the special issue disentangles race, ethnicity, culture, and immigrant status, and identifies mediators of sociocultural variables on developmental outcomes. The special issue includes important research on normal development in context for ethnic and racial minority children, addresses racial and ethnic identity development, and considers intergroup processes. The methodological innovations as well as challenges of current research are highlighted. It is recommended that future research adhere to principles of cultural validity described in the text.     

Computational Thinking from a Disciplinary Perspective: Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics Education

This article provides an introduction for the special issue of the Journal of Science Education and Technology focused on computational thinking (CT) from a disciplinary perspective. The special issue connects earlier research on what K-12 students can learn and be able to do using CT with the CT skills and habits of mind needed to productively participate in professional CT-integrated STEM fields. In this context, the phrase “disciplinary perspective” simultaneously holds two meanings: it refers to and aims to make connections between established K-12 STEM subject areas (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and newer CT-integrated disciplines such as computational sciences. The special issue presents a framework for CT integration and includes articles that illuminate what CT looks like from a disciplinary perspective, the challenges inherent in integrating CT into K-12 STEM education, and new ways of measuring CT aligned more closely with disciplinary practices. The aim of this special issue is to offer research-based and practitioner-grounded insights into recent work in CT integration and provoke new ways of thinking about CT integration from researchers, practitioners, and research-practitioner partnerships.

     

China-Europe Higher Education Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges

This article introduces Frontiers of Education in China’s special issue on China-Europe higher education cooperation. It is more than simply an introduction to the five studies collected for the special issue. Rather, it provides an overview of higher education cooperation between China and Europe from the perspective of opportunities and challenges. Such background information will help readers not only better understand the studies included in the special issue, but also link these studies to a bigger picture of China-Europe higher education cooperation.     

从非范畴化的角度来分析英语中动句

语言中的中动现象一直都是语言学界研究的热点与难点,至今也难以达成一个共识。首先关于是否存在中动句这一说就很有争议,有人认为存在中动句,并有其独特的句式和语义特征,另外则有人认为中动句就是普通句式,不存在需要独立划分出中动句的需要。在前面一种说法的前提下,学者们对中动句动词定性,以及中动句结构的界定也都还没有形成一个定论。在前人研究的基础上,本文试图从非范畴化角度来研究中动句,鉴于中动句的复杂性,我认为单用一种方法是不足以解释其本质的,所以在分析过程中加入了一些原型范畴理论,以求得一点突破。     

Special needs education as a social system: responding to the challenge of methodology

In this concluding article we discuss how the different contributors of this special issue deal with the methodological challenges in special needs education research. The shift from an individual perspective towards an interactional and systemic point of view in special educational needs research has introduced research methods that are able to describe the complexity and the recursiveness of the social reality under study. The different studies presented in this issue provide interesting illustrations of some of these methods. The discussion of these studies makes it clear that social cultural theory is a useful framework for research on special needs education. It is suggested that in their investigations researchers should attach importance to the meaning of discourse and keep their minds open to change and new challenges.     

新疆坎儿井工程中的祭祀活动

祭祀活动是新疆坎儿井工程中的重要环节,是在新疆相对封闭的地理环境下形成的独具特色的坎儿井礼仪文化。本文尝试从文化的视角对坎儿井工程中的祭祀活动进行解读,从中我们可以了解到蕴藏在这种习俗中的道德秩序,文化认同和民族精神,它是当地人朴素的世界观、人生观和价值观体现。它同时也是维系群族记忆、保持身份认同、凝聚民族情感、激发民族自信、推动民族整体发展的核心力量。     

“Special Support” in Preschools in Sweden: Preschool staff’s definition of the construct

This study investigates the definitions of the construct “young children in need of special support” given by preschool staff in Sweden in 540 preschool units. The study has a mixed‐methods design based on qualitative analysis of an open‐ended question and quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses. The results reveal two general perspectives in definitions of the construct, a child perspective and an organisational perspective. Units with a child perspective had a higher proportion of children in need of special support, especially girls. The study highlights that the term “children in need of special support” is partially socially constructed and is partially based on perceived child characteristics. The perceptions of what is considered to be a child in need of special support held by staff in a unit may impact on the services provided to children in need of special support.     

Introduction to Motivation at School: Interventions That Work

This article provides an introduction and overview to this special issue of Educational Psychologist, titled Promoting Motivation at School: Interventions That Work. This issue is devoted to the topic of interventions that emphasize different aspects of motivation for enhancing students' academic and social outcomes in school. The interventions range from programs focused on individual students to large-scale school reform. The programs described in this issue emphasize both students' academic motivation and their social motivation and focus on a variety of important achievement outcomes. Authors also discuss the effectiveness of various interventions for ethnic minority children. The importance of attending to social aspects of motivation in these kinds of interventions is a major theme of this special issue. Brief overviews of each article are provided.     

English language learners, LD, and overrepresentation: A multiple-level analysis

Continuing unresolved problems in the field of special education include the continued use of discrepancy models; the need for better identification models; continued debate over programmatic issues, ranging from inclusion to self-contained models; and the continued overrepresentation of certain ethnic and racial groups in the learning disabilities (LD) category. This article focuses on students with mild learning disorders in general, and LD in particular, providing a perspective on how this problem has been addressed and suggesting a multilevel approach in which local context plays a central role. We suggest that overrepresentation is best conceptualized as an indicator of underlying issues rather than as the proper focal point of remediation efforts.     

多元文化视野中的教师教育

现代民族国家文化多样性的社会特征,使学校中的教师不可避免地面临着多元文化的教学情境,教师需要具备多元文化的相关知识,能够处理多元文化情境中出现的教育教学问题。多元文化教师,成为现代民族国家教师教育的理想。但是,我国少数民族师资培养中,忽视了多元文化教育理念培养,缺乏跨文化教育教学能力的专业训练。本文从多元文化视角出发,对多元文化教师所应具备的素养及其教育的方法与策略进行思考,以期对我国民族地区跨文化师资的形成提供有益的启迪。     

教育发展对少数民族男女性别观念的影响

本研究使用2010年第三期中国妇女社会地位调查数据分析了教育发展对于少数民族男女性别观念的影响。研究发现:少数民族男女在姓氏继承、财产继承、性别分工观念上存在差别,两性在财产继承和性别分工上的看法差距较小,对财产继承的看法均表现为偏向现代一端,对性别分工的看法均偏向传统一端。姓氏继承上两性差别最大,男性处于传统-现代连续统的中间状态,女性处于更偏向现代的一端。教育发展能够显著促进少数民族男女性别观念的现代转向,其影响由表及里,首先较多改变的是与利益相关的财产继承观念,其次是与规范认知相关的性别分工观,最后是与价值相关的姓氏继承观。进一步提升少数民族男女的教育水平有助于促进性别平等事业和社会经济更为包容、可持续的发展。     

少数民族双语教师跨文化适应问题研究

对少数民族地区双语教师这样一个特殊的教师群体而言,使用两种语言进行教学在表面上是语言技巧问题,但隐藏在现象背后的却是深层次的跨文化适应问题。心理适应、社会文化适应与文化融合三个因素密切地联系在一起,共同形成少数民族地区双语教师在面对语言和文化差异时的跨文化适应类型。影响其实现跨文化适应的因素既有外部的环境因素,又有教师自身的因素,在对双语教师进行跨文化适应培训时要充分考虑这些因素。     

Introducing positive psychology: Finding a place within school psychology

An introduction to the special issue addressing positive psychology and its “place” in and implications for schools is provided. The articles contained within the issue are described within the context of our perspective regarding positive psychology in schools. As the study of positive psychology continues to evolve, it is likely that its application within other fields (including school psychology) will be more clearly expressed. We contend that the “success” of introducing, implementing, and sustaining positive psychology within schools may be dependent on its early yet also sustained integration across multiple contexts. And, a “positive” school psychology will require attention to the convergence of multiple, diverse areas of literature. The articles within this special issue begin this movement toward finding either a place for positive psychology within school psychology or a place for school psychology within positive psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 1–5, 2004.     

“非遗”民族教育传承特别权利的立法构建

民族教育应处理好强势文化与弱势文化的关系.民族教育特别权利是传承少数民族非物质文化遗产的基础.为实现民族教育特别权利设定之目的,民族教育立法应科学合理地规定民族教育特别权利的主体、内容及国家的特别保障义务.     

Educational leadership: an Islamic perspective

Ethnocentric concepts, theories and practices in education, predominantly embedded in western philosophy and values, tend to ignore the growing multicultural nature of educational institutions. This article draws attention to the knowledge gap in mainstream literature regarding diverse perspectives of educational leadership—an issue which is foreseen as gaining higher significance with the fast‐changing societal structures in Britain. Having worked as a Muslim woman educational leader/manager in higher education in an Islamic state for more than two decades, and now working at a British university, positioned as a non‐White woman Muslim, the author endorses the need to move beyond ethnocentrisms and to work towards developing complex theoretical constructs to reconceptualise educational leadership, drawing from perspectives held by diverse ethnic groups—students and communities. How learners from diverse philosophical and ethnic backgrounds conceive and perceive educational leadership, and how they receive it, is bound to interact with their learning experience and performance. This article briefly introduces leadership as a concept formulated in context. It presents philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of these conceptualisations from an Islamic perspective, and highlights the interplay between knowledge and leadership. The article deliberates how these discourses interact to formulate ‘educational leadership’ in Muslim societies, and explores the implications of these constructions with a focus on the British context, where Muslims are in a minority, pointing to the significance of understanding philosophical diversity for embracing population diversity.     

明代团营营制考

团营是明代京军系统发展的一个特殊兵制,在明代兵制史上有着重要的意义,但直到现在对团营这一问题的研究还很匮乏,即使有涉及也只是作为叙述明代京营的附属,以至于有关团营的单篇论文至今尚未出现。学界对团营这一问题的忽视,造成了我们对其产生了许多错误的认识。同时,一些古代典籍对团营叙述的混乱以及随意性,更加深了我们的这种认识。文章力图从明代团营动态发展的角度出发。将有明一代各个不同时期团营发展和建制的情况分别加以论述,同时对长期以来形成的一些对于团营的固有错误观念加以辨析,以便对团营形成一个全新的认识。     

Motivational Interventions That Work: Themes and Remaining Issues

We highlight major themes emerging from the articles in this special issue. These themes include (a) the importance of theoretical frameworks and clearly defined constructs for guiding the development of interventions, (b) a consideration of intervention effects on ethnic minority children, (c) the importance of positive social interactions and relationships among teachers and peers in school as a foundation for students' adjustment to and achievement in school, (d) the need for intervention programs to use strong research designs and measures to test their effectiveness, and (e) the importance of considering developmental issues when designing interventions. Issues with respect to each theme are discussed.     

Introduction to the special issue: School and life experiences of highly mobile students: Phenomenology,risk, and resilience

This article introduces a special issue on the school and life experiences of highly mobile students. In it, the phenomenology of high mobility is described as well as the current state of research on subpopulations of highly mobile students. In addition, the risk and resilience framework is invoked as a general theoretical crosscurrent that cuts across the articles included in the special issue that provide novel research on environmental instability, student homelessness, foster care experiences, relocation because of war, and trauma- and violence-informed care. Lastly, areas for future research are discussed as highly mobile students remain an understudied yet important and growing population in need of empirical investigation and supportive intervention.