多媒体课堂教学中激发大学生英语学习动机的思考

学习动机是影响大学生英语学习的一个重要因素,是学生进行和维持学习活动的主观原因。在多媒体大学英语课堂教学中,了解英语学习动机的一些理论,掌握激发与培养学生学习动机的方法与手段,有利于教师调动学生学习的积极性,提高学生的英语水平。     

Active teaching to manage course difficulty and learning motivation

Given the recent reported common occurrence of mediocre or substandard academic performance by students in colleges and universities, it has become essential to identify pedagogical factors that might lessen or reverse this trend. Kolb’s experiential learning, Pintrich’s student learning motivation, and cognitive load theories were used as a framework to assess active teaching moderation of the effects of course difficulty on course performance and learning motivation. Hierarchical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to analyse the data. Research subjects were recruited from a medium-sized historically Black college and university (HBCU) students enrolled in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and Business (i.e. management, economics, or accounting) classes. Active teaching was a positive predictor of course grade and learning motivation. Course difficulty was a negative predictor of course grade. Interaction analysis revealed that increases in active teaching reduced (i.e. moderated) the negative relationship between course difficulty on both course grade and learning motivation. Overall, the findings suggest that student learning outcomes are certainly a function of pedagogy (e.g. active teaching), psychological/affective (e.g. learning motivation), and learning content complexity. Active teaching environments should (1) address both cognitive load and emotional responses attributed to difficult coursework, and (2) provide efficacy building opportunities during instructional delivery.     

外语学习动机及其对英语口语教学的启示

学习动机是影响外语学习诸多因素中最重要的一个能动因素,在学习活动中意义重大。文章分析了国外一些重要的外语学习动机理论,并且就如何激发学生的外语口语学习动机这一问题提出了一些建议。     

也谈动机与外语教学

大量的研究表明 ,动机等情感因素对外语学习有重要影响。本文从社会建构主义的动机观和动机模式 ,审视和分析了影响动机的因素 ,并针对这些主要因素 ,依据相关理论和研究结果 ,就动机的激发和保持提出了一些建议。     

A General Overview of Motivation in Linguistics

In recent years, the term of motivation in linguistics study has aroused the interests of scholars. Different studies of motivation have been produced by different scholars. In this paper, the writer organizes the recent studies on motivation in linguistics.the paper is divided into three parts, the introduction of the term motivation, different types of motivation, and theories of motivation.     

体育专业学生学习动机的特点及激发对策探析

学习动机是激励学生进行学习活动的内在动力。目前体育专业学生附学习动机状态怎样？如何激发学生的学习动机？如何把消极动机转化成积极的动机？通过对三明学院体育系全体学生的问卷调查取得了第一手资料．并就调查结果进行了分析，提出一些看法与建议。     

教师态度对视听觉障碍学生学习动机的影响

视听觉障碍学生由于身体上的缺陷导致某些认知能力不足和心理焦虑,因此,当学生在学校接受教育时,教师不但要关心他们的身体和心理健康,而且更应关注他们的学习和成功动机。教师同样的赞扬或批评,可能对某些学生产生积极影响,对另一些学生产生消极影响。因此,不同类型的学生在教师的评价方面可能有不同的需求。     

学习动机研究的特点、问题及走向

从20世纪40、50年代开始,学习动机研究呈现出如下特点:在理论取向上,认知观和社会认知观取代早期的机械论,将学习动机与学习者所处的具体环境和学习中的认知要素结合起来加以研究,并开始关注学习动机的发展问题;在研究方法上,确立测量学习动机的主要指标和方法。但这些研究还存在着以下几个问题:动机概念的术语五花八门,缺乏区分效度;不同理论取向并存,难于构建一个完整的动机研究模式;研究者对学习动机基本性质的看法存在着重大分歧;过于倚重自我报告的问卷研究遭到越来越多的质疑。未来,在研究的理论取向上,社会认知理论的优势地位将更加突显,对学习动机内在结构的分析将更加全面系统,在社会认知观的指导下,将建立环境因素、学习动机、学习策略与学习结果关系的整合模型;在研究方法上,定量研究与定性研究的结合将得到普遍运用。     

An Atlas Has More Than One Map: A Reply to Our Commentators

Current trends in research on motivation in the classroom are based on theories that focus on the individual's intrapsychological traits or his or her cognitive and/or affective functioning. In contrast to this individualistic perspective, social constructivist theory provides a framework for conceptualizing motivation as socially negotiated by the participants in the classroom. In such a conceptualization, motivation is inseparable from the instructional process and the classroom environment. The culturally determined joint activity between student and social context results in an internal state of interest and cognitive and affective engagement, and motivated behaviors, both of which can be considered cultural norms. Implications of this perspective for understanding motivation, classroom instruction, and research are discussed.     

Modelling parenting styles,moral intelligence,academic self-efficacy and learning motivation among adolescents in grades 7–11

The current study investigated the associations between three maternal and paternal parenting styles, moral intelligence, academic self-efficacy and learning motivation in three serial mediation models. Omani adolescents enrolled in 7th to 11th grades (N = 296) responded to an online survey containing demographic items and scales measuring the variables noted above. Results of Path Analysis indicated that the three models had a good overall fit. In detail, the three paternal styles (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) had direct associations with moral intelligence and indirect associations with learning motivation. However, only two maternal parenting styles (i.e., authoritative and authoritarian) correlated directly with learning motivation and these two styles did not associate with moral intelligence. All effects were in the hypothesized direction except the effect of authoritative maternal and paternal styles. Moral intelligence had a positive direct correlation with students’ academic self-efficacy and learning motivation. Moral intelligence also mediated the negative associations between three types of fathers’ parenting styles and students’ motivation. Academic self-efficacy had a positive association with students’ motivation. These findings provided useful insights about the various association between external factors (e.g., parenting styles), internal factors (i.e., moral intelligence and self-efficacy) and students’ motivation among adolescents in middle and high schools.     

Classroom Applications of Cognitive Theories of Motivation

This article examines cognitive theories of motivation and their application to classroom experiences of students and teachers. Students' explanations of their school experiences are considered within the frameworks of expectancy × value theory, self-efficacy theory, goal orientation theory, and attribution theory. These same theories are used as lens through which teachers' classroom behaviors are viewed. Suggestions are offer for incorporating cognitive theories of motivation into pre-service and in-service programs for teachers.     

中国语境下的教师反馈与英语学习者的写作

在外语教学和学习中,动机的研究一直是一个焦点,具体来讲学生对写作的态度是否会影响学生的写作水平也成为了研究者的另一个关注点。作为英语写作教学中的重要因素,教师反馈将会对学生的动机产生影响,但在之前的研究中多集中在两者其中之一对学生成就的影响。本文作者将对国内对教师反馈研究作一个简短的文献综述,并基于相关理论对如何给出有效的教师反馈提出建议。     

影响大学生英语学习因素的实证研究

学习动机、策略及情感等是影响大学生英语成绩的重要因素,在现有的主流理论基础上对各因素的影响程度进行了定量的实证分析。结果显示,学习动机对成绩有一定的正面影响,但是单纯的激励学生的学习动机可能只会收到事倍功半的效果;另外,情感焦虑也是构成阻碍学习进步的一个重要的消极因素。所以要想帮助学生尽快提高成绩,首要的任务就是要帮助他们克服焦虑和对英语学习的抵触情绪。     

Relations of autonomous and controlled motivation with performance in secondary school students’ favoured and disfavoured subjects

Students in secondary education inevitably favour some subjects more than other subjects. This appraisal may affect how motivation relates to performance in these subjects. Whereas autonomous motivation is generally linked to positive school outcomes, the effect of controlled motivation is less clear. This study specifically focused on the associations of controlled motivation with performance in the context of favoured and disfavoured subjects. In the present study, secondary school students (N?=?918) identified 2 favoured and 2 disfavoured subjects. Hierarchical linear modelling was performed to investigate the relationship of autonomous and controlled motivation with performance in these subjects. Results showed that autonomous motivation positively related to performance in both types of subjects. The association of controlled motivation with performance was negative in both contexts, and more negative in disfavoured subjects. For teaching practice, this means that teachers should always stimulate autonomous motivation, even for negatively appraised subjects.     

Relating aspects of motivation to facets of mathematical competence varying in cognitive demand

The author investigated the relationship between aspects of student motivation and performance on mathematical tasks varying in cognitive demand relevant to meeting the expectations of the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSS-M). A sample of 479 primarily Latino middle school students completed established survey measures of motivation and a constructed response assessment of two facets of mathematical competence. The assessment measured students' progress toward performing a procedure and demonstrating understanding by providing a written critique of a peer's work, a more cognitively demanding facet. As predicted, higher interest and efficacy in mathematics, lower performance-avoidance goals, and fewer experiences of negative emotions related to performance levels for both facets, while utility and mastery-approach goals (i.e., focusing on understanding mathematics) related only to the more cognitively demanding facet. Implications of these findings for preparing students to be successful mathematical learners, especially in the many states implementing the CCSS-M, are discussed.     

Impact of degree program satisfaction on the persistence of college students

Many theories on college retention recognize the significance of student satisfaction as a positive factor in students’ persistence. Yet, there are few theories that address the relationship of degree program satisfaction to study behaviour and dropout. This paper explores the impact of degree program satisfaction on academic accomplishment and dropout. The impact of degree program satisfaction was studied within a multitheoretical framework. The results of the study show that student accomplishment not only depends on differences in academic ability but also on degree program satisfaction. Decreased degree program satisfaction appears to diminish both study motivation and study behaviour. The authors discuss some implications for current educational practice.     

“I Chose Math Because…”: Cognitive interviews of a motivation measure

The ability to accurately measure academic motivation is important to its value as a predictive variable for learning, achievement, and other outcomes. Although measures of motivation are frequently subject to quantitative validation (e.g., Appleton, Ntoumanis, Quested, Viladrich, & Duda, 2016; Gagné et al., 2015; Pekrun, Goetz, Frenzel, Barchfeld, & Perry, 2011), the establishment of cognitive validity is more rare. By conducting cognitive interviews with a sample of elementary-aged children, we explored the cognitive validity of a novel motivation (expectancy–value and academic emotions) survey embedded in an educational technology. Children were largely able to accurately interpret questions, elaborate on their reasoning for answers, and choose answers congruent with those reasons. Challenges to cognitive validity fell under varied and underdeveloped interpretations of expectancy–value concepts; misunderstandings related to available response choices; and discrepancies between younger and older children’s abilities to judge their perceived competencies and values. Insights from these interviews can be applied to interpretation of the immediate survey, but also to design and interpretation of motivation surveys beyond the current measure.     

外语学习者动机的模型分析

关于学习者动机的回归分析表明,学习动机对学习成绩具有正的影响,这与其他一些使用单纯相关分析得出的结论不同或相反。对主要的与动机相关的理论进行检验后的结果显示,Elliot的学习者目标理论对动机模型有最重要的决定作用。这意味着在外语教学中,将教学法及教学内容与学生的目标意识和取向加以联系,会对学生的学习动机和成绩产生很大的促进作用。     

语文学习动机的概念与结构分析

学习动机的研究,已经从行为主义的动机观发展到社会文化的动机观。现阶段,有学者开辟了整合研究方向,提出了动机的自我调节论。基于此,我们认为,语文学习动机是激发、维持学生学习行为,并使之朝向一定语文学习目标的一种内在过程或内部心理状态。进而,经过进一步分析可以看到,语文学习动机的基本结构,一般地包括认知内驱力（学习兴趣）、自我提高内驱力（自尊）、附属内驱力（奖励、批评）、自我效能感（成功）、意志（自觉、毅力）和成就归因（成绩）等六个维度。