Dynamic and emergent information systems strategy formulation and implementation

Early attempts to formulate information systems (IS) strategies concentrated on the analytical task of deriving IS strategies from business plans. The limitations of the static plans that often resulted from these formal studies were, however, soon discovered. The critics suggested informal and incremental planning to ensure flexibility, creativity and strategic thinking to comprise emergent strategies as well as planned strategies.In previous IS planning research, there appears to be a contradiction between the published planning methods and the generally held views about effective implementation of IS planning process. The explicit methods described in IS literature predominantly assume a comprehensive IS planning process. Despite the fact that many researchers consider incremental approaches to be more effective, methods that can be used to facilitate incremental IS planning are few, not detailed enough and not comprehensive.The four cycles method introduced in this paper attempts to combine the strengths of both the comprehensive and incremental planning to be able to recognise emerging trends and to make an e-business strategy. The method provides a basic schedule for organising planning activities. IS planning is seen as a continuous process that is periodically adjusted to the expectations of the participating managers. Practising managers can use the method to facilitate implementation of an incremental and continuous IS planning process. For e-business strategy research, the paper provides a theoretically based method that can be tested in future action research projects.The first results of conducted action research show that the method should not be used as a checklist but as a choice list. Each period had a constant focus on external developments and the fit with internal possibilities. The method provided a flexible and dynamic basis for actions. The emergent nature of the changes and the difficulty of formalising creativity and innovation placed restrictions on the planning process. We learned that a thematic approach where each cycle is given a creative subject helped to “open up” the users in the organisation. Future research should focus on the inter-organisational nature of e-business strategy. If it is difficult to get top management participation, it will be even more difficult with more organisations involved.     

Information and communication technology adoption for business benefits: A case analysis of an integrated paperless system

This case study analyses the benefits of implementing a paperless software solution (Alert^®pfh–Alert Paperfree Hospital, developed by Alert Life Sciences Computing) in a Portuguese Hospital, the Espírito Santo Hospital, in the city of Évora. Alert^®pfh is a complete hospital clinical information system with real time clinical information input. It was implemented in emergency medical services, inpatient and outpatient services, and operating room services. Data were collected between 2006 and 2011 prior to, during and after the system's implementation. The case analysis demonstrates that paperless software systems have a significant potential when applied in healthcare organization services. Besides financial benefits, other important organizational features were identified, namely higher levels of patient and professional satisfaction; an increase in efficiency in hospital operations; improvement in the quality of information for management decision-making; and a reduction in medical errors. Lessons learned are noted and conclusions drawn for both theoretical and practical ICT benefits analysis.     

论电子商务对会计信息的影响

本文论述了在电子商务环境下会计信息的主要特点,对会计信息系统的影响,以及今后应当注意解决的几个问题。     

Promoting the continuing usage of strategic information systems: The role of supervisory leadership in the successful implementation of enterprise systems

Organizations face significant challenges in capturing value from their investments in strategic information systems such as enterprise systems (ES). Managers are a powerful source of influence shaping the post-adoption attitudes and behaviors of users and the success of ES. However, the extant IS literature has focused primarily on the role of top management and theoretical explanations of the role of supervisors in fostering continuing usage of ES are lacking. Drawing on transformational leadership theory and the IS continuance (ISC) model, this paper conceptualizes a theoretical model differentiating the influence mechanisms through which different types of leadership behaviors influence the success of ES. Data collected from 192 users of ES confirms our theorization. We find that transformational leadership behaviors of supervisors influence users’ evaluations of satisfaction and perceived usefulness, while their transactional leadership behaviors influence users’ ES continuance intention by moderating the effects of user satisfaction and perceived usefulness on ES continuance intention. This study advances research on the role of leadership behaviors of supervisors in capturing value from enterprise systems. The research also contributes to practice by suggesting effective strategies for promoting continued usage of mission critical systems such as enterprise systems and delivering value from firms’ IT investments.     

电子商务运作中的网络信息安全问题研究

网络的国际化，社会化，开放化，个人化诱发出无限的商机，电子商务的迅速崛起使网络成为国际竞争的新战场，由于网络技术本身的缺陷，使得依赖于这种技术而存在的整个社会变得十分脆弱，特别是以破坏系统为目标的系统犯罪，以窃取，纂改信息，传播非法信息为目标的信息犯罪，会对国家的政治，军事，经济，科技造成严重的损害。我们必须解决好信息网络安全问题，否则，必将全方位危及我国的经济，军事，文化与社会生活的各个方面。     

Management information systems and strategic performances: The role of top team composition

Organizations adopt sophisticated management information systems, which provide top managers with an ample range of information to achieve multiple strategic performances. However, organizations differ in the extent to which they improve their performance. This paper analyzes the role of top management team in the relationship between management information systems and strategic performance. Using data collected from 92 top management teams, it analyses how different team compositions interact with a sophisticated management information system, and how this interaction affects strategic performances, which are focused on cost reduction and flexibility. The findings show how the effect of management information system on strategic performance (focused on flexibility) is moderated by top management team diversity.     

图像信息技术在电子商务中的应用

本文叙述了电子商务中的数字图像信息技术的应用问题，着重探讨了图像信息技术在电子商务中的商品查询中的三维数字化及虚拟现实技术应用、基于内容的图视信息查询、网上交易中的安全认证与数字作品版权保护技术一数字水印技术中的应用、企业信息可视化查询等方面的应用。     

整合电子商务的道德向量建立信用信息服务体系

随着因特网的成熟和普及，电子商务已日渐成为一种重要的商务手段。与传统商务相比较。电子商务在降低变易成本等方面具有其明显的优势。因此，世界各国的商家。都争相建立各自的商业网站，纷纷利用基于因特网的电子数据交换技术，大力发展网上贸易。然而，在电子商务的发展过程中。又出现了一系列引人注目的道德问题。本文针对目前电子商务遭遇的主要道德问题，提出调节电子商务活动的基本道德向量，并倡导建立电子商务的征信数据环境、信用信息服务体系。     

电子商务环境下的企业信息决策价值研究

电子商务环境下信息的不确定性和不对称性以及相应商务决策的风险性,使得信息决策价值成为网络环境下企业核心竞争有力形成和发展的关键。本文在电子商务理论和信息经济学的基础上,分析了电子商务环境下的信息及其决策特性,并通过信息的决策价值传递机制分析,讨论了信息的交易费用和决策价值。     

消费者的网络信息搜寻行为分析

随着网络的发展,尤其是电子商务的出现,消费者进入到一种全新的交易环境,消费者信息搜寻行为也随之发生改变。现代社会,企业(尤其是电子商务企业)要想取得竞争优势,必须深入了解消费者的网络信息搜寻行为。根据调查,环境、信息搜寻成本、网络信息搜寻能力、心理和产品因素等对消费者的网络信息搜寻行为具有重要影响。     

中国电子商务面临的信息环境分析

电子商务是社会信息化建设的一个重大命题,亟待破解。从电子商务的参与主体：电子商务企业、网民和第三方服务组织入手,在理论与实践层面上梳理和总结了我国电子商务信息环境的现状及亟待解决的问题．以期能有助于我国电子商务应“信息环境”而变。     

企业员工知识分享行为激励因素实证研究

员工的知识分享行为是企业有效利用内部知识资源的重要基础。本文从企业员工知识分享行为的性质和类别出发,选择IT、化工、咨询等知识密集性行业员工为研究对象,通过访谈和问卷获取320份样本数据,利用SPSS11.5软件,实证研究了经济激励、社会激励和心理激励对员工知识分享行为的影响。结论显示:不同类型的知识分享行为所受激励因素的影响存在差异,社会激励和心理激励对企业员工知识分享行为具有积极的影响,经济激励具有显著的消极影响。结论对目前及未来国内企业的知识分享管理具有重要的实践意义。     

Using environmental scanning to collect strategic information: A South African survey

This article investigates the extent of environmental scanning activities at South African enterprises. The literature review discusses environmental scanning variables and steps in the environmental scanning process. In the empirical survey a questionnaire was e-mailed to the CEOs of 1000 South African enterprises, on 20 March 2015 asking them to return the questionnaire before 30 April and a response rate of 32.5% was achieved. Ninety five per cent of the respondents indicated that they regarded the competitive situation in South Africa as intense or very intense and most respondents were convinced that they coped above average with changes in the business environment. Only 30% of respondents had a separate environmental scanning department and only 27% had a formal environmental scanning system. Annual reports, market research reports, newspapers and trade journals were the most important secondary information sources, while customers, sales staff and suppliers were the most important primary information sources. All entities responding used competitor analysis, industry macro-environmental analysis and SWOT analysis to analyse environmental information.     

图书情报事业战略目标的选择与定位

本文论述了可持续发展中图书情报事业战略地位和作用，及可持续发展总体目标制约下的图书情报事业战略目标；论述了国家可持续发展中图书情报事业战略目标选择与定位的基础，并在此基础上提出了国家可持续发展中图书情报事业战略目标选择和国家可持续发展中图书情报事业的定位：即信息资源定位、信息服务定位、信息技术定位和组织管理定位。文章还对图书情报事业定位发展的政策和法律保障进行了探讨。     

Is it just too good to be true? Unearthing the benefits of disruptive technology

The rate of digital disruption is escalating and placing increasing pressure on organisations to adopt emerging technologies in order to improve their productivity and bottom-lines. Unfortunately, however, many organisations are often being seduced by the purported benefits of disruptive technologies often based on embellished or even falsified claims. This is particularly true in construction, where organisations are being required to embrace disruptive technologies (e.g. Building Information Modelling and Industry 4.0) to address performance and productivity issues. Unsubstantiated claims about expected benefits subvert the justification and benefits realisation process as the change management that is required is downplayed or ignored. It is, therefore, imperative that the business case as part of the process of evaluation, is based on evidence to enable the development of a change management and implementation strategy. In this paper, we present an overview of a longitudinal line of inquiry that sought to examine the benefits of disruptive technology, namely Systems Information Modelling (SIM). Our research revealed that more than a 90 % cost reduction to document electrical systems and a corresponding improvement in productivity was achieved. We suggest that engaging in the process of critical thinking, possessing a conscious awareness and healthy scepticism of technology places organisations in a position of control. As a consequence, organisations are better-positioned to understand the nature of technology and ‘how’ value can be generated from potential new ways of working.     

Patterns of co-alignment in information-intensive organizations: business performance through integration strategies

Information technology (IT) has transformed business practices in the last several decades: operations, product strategies, distribution, and customer service have become increasingly dependent on IT. Moreover, IT has changed its orientation from that of pure operational utility in the 1960s and 1970s to that of a competitive weapon in the 1990s and today. These phenomena have affected the way modern organizations are managed, as well as the way IT affects the strategic activities of an organization's value-chain.In particular, aligning an organization's business and IT strategies in order to deliver higher business performance presupposes a strategic business opportunity to which information systems technology is integral. In other words, Strategic Alignment between business and IT can have a positive business impact only if we see an organization's IT components as parts of a well-integrated organizational system. If business strategy is viewed separately from IT strategy or IT strategy is viewed only as a “support” tool, then there is little likelihood that the above positive impact of strategic alignment can take place.This research suggests, develops and tests a strategic co-alignment model by examining three types of integration that impact the planning process and the overall performance of information-intensive organizations: technological integration (TI), functional integration and strategic integration (SI).The results of this research yield some useful set of guidelines for theory building for IS, as well as for the business practice aspect of IS: most interesting is the role of consistency (co-alignment) between an organization's business and strategic information systems plans to improve overall firm performance. Other recommendations include having a high degree of involvement of IS executives in corporate planning, the use of outsourcing services to promote organizational systems integration, and the importance of internal coordination mechanisms to facilitate both systems consistency and lower transaction costs. Finally, this study has employed cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to interpret the research findings.     

建设工程项目管理信息化发展问题研究

本文从建设工程项目管理信息化的意义入手，分析了建设工程项目信息化管理的现状，并从中找出建设工程项目信息化管理存在的问题。根据问题依据发展建设工程项目信息化管理的指导思想、总体和具体目标，给出发展建设工程项目管理信息化办法。     

数据挖掘在电子商务中应用问题研究

随着商业信息和商业数据的急剧增加，如何有效地分析和利用这些信息，找出其中的内在联系，为经营活动服务成为电子商务经营者共同关注的问题。本文论述了数据挖掘的由来、数据挖掘的基本功能、国内外数据挖掘技术的发展概况以及数据挖掘在电子商务中的应用等问题。